"It is not the challenge of dollars it is the challenge of ideals and ideas." "If the producers of pictures see only the dollar then I believe those production efforts will fail." "This is Harry Warner." "With three of his brothers, he founded and ran Warner Bros. for over 50 years." "They did this with no education, a huge amount of chutzpah and the belief as long as they were told they couldn't do something  they knew they were on the right track." "To me, Harry Warner was just Grandpa  the guy who loved nothing more than riding me around on the tractor at his ranch." "Grandpa passed away when I was 10 following a long struggle within the family business." "The last time I saw him, he was bedridden in an antiseptic-smelling room." "His eyes moved to take me in." "He smiled as his hand took mine." "He tried to speak but no words came." "His grip tightened." "Something special was being entrusted to me." "I squeezed back." "A promise was made." "It wasn't until years later  that I would realize the magnitude and meaning of that moment." "As a kid, I often went to the studio lot." "As long as the red light wasn't flashing I could go into any sound stage and watch the magic happening." "Cut it." "Let's move in on a close shot here." "It was better than going to the circus." "It was a place of wonder, a kingdom and a factory of dreams and creativity being fashioned by my grandfather and his brothers." "Today, the family business has been reincarnated into another body." "A corporation that's part of an even bigger corporation  that's part of an even bigger corporation." "In other words, a conglomerate." "So does anyone even know who the original Warner brothers were?" "Can people possibly imagine that this huge company was once run by an actual family?" "People with a story, a past, a passion and a purpose?" "I decided to find out." "When I say "Warner Bros.," What comes to mind?" "Bugs Bunny." "I like Bugs Bunny." "Cartoons." "Do you think there were actual brothers, or that Warner Bros. is just a brand name?" "I don't know." "I don't know." "I don't know." "I'm sorry." "I have no clue." "Why do I care?" " I think it's just a brand name." " It's just a brand name." "If there were brothers, what do you think their names were?" "I wanna say Anthony." "I'll go with Mike and Charlie because I got no idea." "Homer." "Oscar and Stanley." "Diego?" "I don't know, Time Warner?" "And AOL Time Warner, I would think." "When I say the name Warner Bros., what's the first thing that comes to mind?" "Jack Warner." "If one does remember the brothers, they remember Jack." "He was the last man standing." "He rewrote history and pretty much left the other brothers out." "The truth is, they were a phenomenal team that built an empire on a dream and revolutionized Hollywood  while making the most classic, relevant movies of their time." " I reserved a table." "Victor Laszlo." " Yes, Mr. Laszlo, right this way." "Warner Bros. had a definite stamp to their films." "That'll learn you to sit up and hold onto this." "The lean, hard, look of Warner Bros." "It's gritty and it's tough." "They were interested in issues of prejudice, of ethnicity." "Your money's no good here." "Come on, let's go." "You too." "Hold on a minute." "Warner Bros. by far was known in Hollywood as a studio with a social conscience." "Warner Bros. had a motto to educate, entertain and enlighten." "If there was a champion for a patriotic way of life it was Warner Bros." "Warner Bros. was America." "You could not have a Harry and Jack Warner saying:" ""The hell with my profits."" "There are some things more important than profit." "I think any studio chief who said that today would be looking for another job tomorrow." "Four brothers born into a family of 12 children." "Out of the movie-making four, Harry, the eldest, was born in 1881." "Albert followed three years later  then came Sam, who was seven years younger and last but not least, kid brother, Jack  who was 11 years Harry's junior, born in 1892." "Our family entered this country from Russia, now Poland." "I've been searching for over 30 years to find out what our real surname is." "Great-Grandpa Benjamin wanted to leave the past behind." "There was too much pain connected to it, I've been told." "There's one thing for certain:" "It definitely wasn't Warner." "The reason my father came here was because he could not educate his children, number one and number two, to work for a living because the right to work did not exist over there." "First of all, they were mostly uneducated Jews and when they came to this country the educated Jews, which was the Russian" "The German Jews." "wanted nothing to do with them." "So they had to find something." "They got into the clothing business, the rag business they got into anything they could get into which you could without an education." "We couldn't go to school, so we started working because we had to earn a living." "So I sold papers and shined shoes on the corner of Light and Baltimore Street." "We had to stay out pretty late at night because if we didn't bring home $2 we didn't eat much." "And I think that was the greatest lesson of my life." "I learned how to work and I appreciate work." "And then one day, they seized on an idea, all about the same time." "They saw the future of what was a nickelodeon." "It was 1903." "Sam and Harry put their nickels on a plate and sat through three shows back to back until the manager threw them out." "Watching others go in and out of the theater they looked at each other, shook hands and said:" ""We're in the motion-picture business."" "At the same time in another city Brother Albert had become a nickelodeon junkie." "When he arrived home, he announced that he too wanted to be in the movie business." "Kismet, fate, call it what you like, a decision was made." "Sam got wind of a second-hand kinetoscope projector invented by Thomas Edison that came with the film The Great Train Robbery, the rave of the day." "The whole family, excited about the potential of this new business piled their savings on the dining table." "Still short, Father Benjamin pawned the family heirloom, a gold watch as well as old Bob the horse, who pulled his meat-delivery wagon." "Now they were in the motion-picture business." "To open up their first storefront theater, the brothers hung a sheet on the wall and cut a deal to borrow chairs from the funeral parlor next door." "Sam ran the projector, Albert fed the film through it Harry collected the nickels, sister Rose played the organ and Jack sang or more accurately, chased everyone out when the film was done." "I was used as a chaser in the early days of the motion pictures, movies, nickelodeons." "They wanted to get rid of an audience they'd have someone like me come out and sing." " Are you ready?" " Yes." "My great-grandfather, Benjamin Warner believed profoundly in the value of unity." "His constant advice to me was this:" ""Harry, "he would say, "You are the oldest of my sons and it is your responsibility to keep your brothers together." "As long as you stand together, you will be strong."" "He had been brought up from age 6 to take care of 11 sisters and brothers and so he had a lot of responsibility all of his life and so that's the way he lived his life, as a very responsible person." "Harry was born Hirsch and had the middle name of Morris named after his mother's brother." "Usually he was just Harry, or sometimes H.M." "Harry Warner took the business very seriously." "Was he a big, jovial, giving-you-a-bear-hug sort of a guy?" "No." "Was he humorless?" "No." "He was a quieter person." "Well, you know, everybody loved Harry, you know?" "Well, they did." "I mean, he was just" "He was a gentle soul, you know?" "It wasn't that he wasn't tough and strong and, like, you know, running the show but there was a gentleness about him that everybody appreciated." "He wasn't a fast talker, he didn't tell stories." "He was just a straight-shooting, honest person and, "This is who I am, "you know, "And you better be who you are."" "And if you weren't, he didn't like it and he'd let you know." "Albert was a very large man." "He had a large head, huge hands." "He was impressive in his bulk, I would say that." "And he did not like to attract any attention to himself." "He'd sit at the dinner table and hardly say a word." "Always called everybody in his family a bunch of bums." "The philosophy of life that that would reveal is that hard work prevents you from being a bum." "Sam was described as the family's visionary the dreamer who loved anything mechanical and had the nerve, or chutzpah, to match." "Well, Sam was a remarkable man." "He was a very rough character but he was a very colorful man." "He was extremely bright." "In the family, he was a buffer between Harry and Jack." "If I'm trying to picture Jack Warner walking around the set he was a brisk walker." "Not really smiling, but animated all the time." "He had this brush mustache, which he dyed." "It was always brown and his hair was always slicked back and always dyed brown." "And I finally understood that." "Nobody was gonna catch him being gray." "Very strong, very direct, very big desk." "You know, just like you'd cast the head of a studio for a movie, you know?" "The youngest brother Americanized his name Jacob, or Yankel in Yiddish, to Jack." "He added a middle name, Leonard, because he thought it sounded classy." "Jack L. Warner had a ring of formality or authority to it but he preferred the snap of just being called J.L." "He was the frontman and he was the youngest, right?" "Well, the youngest, "I'm the youngest." "I'm an actor, put the light on me, please because they're getting all the attention all the time." "Hello."" "He was definitely a man to notice." "When he walked in a room you knew someone of importance was walking into that room." "Every crisis was an incentive for the brothers to take their next step." "It became difficult to get a supply of films." "They formed The Duquesne Film Exchange acquiring films for themselves and for others to rent realizing distribution was more profitable than exhibition." "When one of the films arrived as a negative print Jack advertised it as the first picture made with all colored actors." "When it became nearly impossible to get new films Harry leased an abandoned foundry to start to produce their own films and Warner Features was born." "When Edison tried to control the East Coast market for two-reelers  Sam and Jack joined the exodus to Hollywood, with Harry and Albert to follow." "Even though times were tough they weren't interested in selling their fledgling company." "World War I broke out." "Sam and Jack got hired to make training films for the Army." "In their first film, Open Your Eyes Jack played the part of a soldier who caught the clap." "Tired of working for others, Sam bought the bestselling book written by the ambassador to Germany called My Four Years in Germany  which told of the atrocities committed by the Kaiser's troops." "Their gamble paid off." "It was the company's first politically conscious film and their first moneymaker." "Although others offered more money, Harry convinced the author  that Warner Bros. was the biggest movie studio in Hollywood and would deliver the biggest box office." "The famous Hollywood back-end deal was born." "With their profits, they bought their first studio in Hollywood." "Each brother took on specific roles within the fledgling company." "Harry served as president, the financial wizard and strategist." "Albert oversaw distribution and exhibitor relations." "Sam was the producer, acquiring books, ideas and new technologies  while Jack oversaw the day-to-day operations." ""Those were the good old days." "Positively."" "That's his handwriting." "Is it?" "Wow." "I think so." "These are wonderful." "That's right." "Yeah." "This one I love." "This one is so touching." "That's sweet, yeah." "This one is Hal Wallis." "A very young Hal Wallis." "Yes, indeed." "Oh, look." "This is your 6th birthday." "Society Cinema, Mom." "You got in Society Cinema..." "...on your sixth birthday." "How about that." "Even when Grandpa took time off, he was still making movies." "He produced a short about my mom's 6th birthday in 1926." "God, everybody was having such a good time." "That's my cousin, Jackie, who was very close to me as a friend." "That's my mother and my sister." "And my dad." "He's so cute." "It's funny to see him excited and having fun." " Yeah." " Yeah, it's so cute." "My sister, Doris, was eight years older than I was." "And my brother was 12 years older than I was." "The truth is, I was unexpected." "Yeah, I was a surprise." "My mother and dad were married for over 50 years which in those days was unusual in Hollywood." "He relied on her, and he liked being with her and he felt reassured when she was with him." "Oh, that's Jack and Irma." "Jack's first wife." "That's Jack and Jackie." "That's Jack and his second wife, Ann." "Okay, you know the rest." "People in the family disapproved of Jack's divorce and him marrying his mistress, especially when there was a child involved." "One of my regrets was the friction between Harry and Jack." "But I think it was mainly that my father resented authority of his older brother." "When Jack first started out, he was a lightweight." "And it bothered Harry terribly that this younger brother was just not going anywhere, and he was crazy about girls and parties and so he was not happy with him." "His idea was that his son, Lewis would take over the studio and not Jack." "Sam Warner came to New York and saw me and met me." "And I was 18." "He was 40." "In those days, a man 40 years old is old, especially when you're 18." "It didn't take long for Sam to propose and marry Lina." "Mother was under the impression that Sam Warner was a bigshot movie man." "So she was very upset when she found out the truth that Sam wasn't such a bigshot." "They were struggling in those days, the Warner brothers." "They had to sell Rin Tin Tin pictures to meet the payroll." "I was earning more money as a salary from Ziegfeld Follies than he was getting from the company." "For years, Edison and others had been looking unsuccessfully to add sound to pictures." "In 1925, Sam was introduced to a new system developed by Bell Labs and Western Electric  which he thought could work." "It recorded sound on a 16-inch record disc." "My brother phoned me that there' s an apparatus I should see and after seeing it I then made up my mind that through this instrument talking pictures would be possible." "One example of Harry Warner's willingness to take risks was his decision in 1 925 to buy Vitaphone." "Harry gambled everything they had, borrowed $7 million which today would be 150 million oftentimes paying for this money at 40-percent interest." "There' s a Yiddish expression  tokhes afn tish, "put your ass on the table."" "And they did that." "It was the music of the instrument that I saw that attracted me mostly and beyond that, I was attracted by the screen being used as our future education because through the screen, you could educate." "What was impossible to do with the silent picture was possible to perform by this instrument." "It was the general belief at that time that motion pictures had progressed as far as they could go as a medium of dramatic expression and satisfying entertainment." "My brothers and I believed otherwise." "We were determined to break the barrier of silence and bring full life to the screen by giving it a voice." "To this goal, we dedicated the full resources of Warner Bros." "There were setbacks and discouragements and a great deal of criticism from doubters who were annoyed with us for not letting well enough alone." "If you look at history of Hollywood they've always been skeptical of any innovation and so that was the reason that most of the moguls wanted nothing to do with sound." "It's very difficult especially for large, successful companies, to change quickly and so any sort of introduction of new technology puts into question every business and profit model that they have in place and rehiring people and restructuring is a very scary, risky thing." "Sam didn't see it as a risk, but more as an opportunity." "He was determined to make the synchronization of sound on film a commercial success." "He named it Vitaphone, the living voice." "Sam and Lina now had a child and she had gone back to Paramount as an actress and wanted Sam to bring his invention to a bigger, more successful studio." "I begged him." "I begged him to sever his relationship with the company and go to Paramount." "At the last minute, you know they got his mother and the father on the phone and they cried and the sisters and there were other brothers too, you know." "And I really never quite forgave him for turning down the Paramount deal." "The brothers made a historic decision to do a feature film, Don Juan with the star John Barrymore." "The film had a track of swords clashing doors opening, and the shattering of glass as well as using the best orchestra money could buy  the New York Philharmonic  which only the wealthy could afford to go to hear at the time." "The closest any actor came to making a sound was during the 191 kisses Barrymore laid on his costars." "Don Juan created a lot of excitement but it had drained the coffers and bankers were turning a deaf ear to Harry's pleas for more loans." "Mama, darling, if I' m a success in this show We' re gonna move from here." "Oh, yes, we're gonna move up to the Bronx." "Lot of grass up there, and lot of people you know." "There's the Ginsbergs, the Guttenburgs and the Goldbergs." "A lot of Bergs" "The brothers gambled everything to hire the world's greatest entertainer Al Jolson, to star in The Jazz Singer and show the perfection of a synchronized voice moving exactly with the picture." "This was the scene that put sound on the map." "The whole film contained barely two minutes' worth of synchronized talking." "Stop!" "Jack Warner has always had the credit for The Jazz Singer." "Sam was the one who produced The Jazz Singer." "Wait a minute, wait a minute, you ain't heard nothing yet." "Wait a minute, I tell you, you ain't heard nothing." "You wanna hear "Toot Toot Tootsie"?" "All right, hold on." "It was Sam who insisted that Al Jolson's famous line which was ad-libbed, be kept in the film." "He knew magic when he saw it." "Sam was popping aspirin like candy due to terrible headaches and sinus troubles." "A t the end of filming, when he showed an unsteadiness on his feet the doctors demanded that he go to the hospital for treatment." "The other brothers went to New York to get ready for the premiere on October 6th, 1927." "His condition worsened." "Harry and Albert grabbed two specialists and got on the first train they could to Los Angeles." "They arrived three hours too late, as Sam had died of a cerebral hemorrhage." "Regarding Sam's death, Jack said:" ""The Jolson debut was an empty victory for us." "There's no doubt that The Jazz Singer killed him." "Something wonderful went out of our lives."" "Quiet Albert was moved to give a rare statement to the press:" ""The three of us who are left will carry on and I believe we will always accomplish more work in one day  than any other trio of men will in three not because we're smarter, but because we trust each other implicitly."" "I was doing a film at Paramount when he died." "All of a sudden, I'm a widow at 20 with an 11-months old child and I probably was very foolish." "I was young and rebellious." "My mother was young, and she was a different religion and Harry Warner was very conservative, you know that, and didn't" "I don't think really much liked actors and actresses and people like that." "They just never, never let up on me, particularly Harry Warner." "After Sam's death, Harry and wife Rea petitioned the court to adopt Lita." "Lina was awarded $300,000 and Lita was raised by Harry and Rea as one of their own." "I really look back and love them, and they took great care of me and I had a probably much better life than I would have had." "They weren't wrong." "I give them a lot of credit." "I don't think I would, in my 50s would I have wanted to take on a little child, another child." "So Harry Warner, I think one of his beautiful things about him is he wanted to take care of the whole family." "Many a time, I walk out of the theater with tears in my eyes because when you find the dream realized and you know that no dream such as mammoth as that one was to undertake was done easy." "Today to have all of you enjoy that which even life was given for." "Opening night of The Jazz Singer at Grauman's Chinese Irving Thalberg came out of the theater he turned to my father and said, "This thing won't last, it's a one shot."" " Really?" " Yes." "They were stuck with a lot of pictures that did not have sound on them and if this idea worked, they were all in trouble." "The Jazz Singer was the thing that inspired Steamboat Willie, the first Mickey Mouse cartoon." "The Jazz Singer came out and Walt goes, "Gotta have sound."" "Started a whole new, in secret" "Now, the studio at the time was like five people." "And in secret from the other four, he had an animator start up this talkie and it became this worldwide phenomenon but it was because of the success of The Jazz Singer that that all happened." "And we were into the era of sound." "The Warner Bros." "What else did they do?" "They didn't have to do anything else." "Think what a thing it was to bring sound to movies." "And it will take them from poverty-row status to first-tier studio status." "The Jazz Singer remained the biggest moneymaker in Hollywood history until Gone With the Wind." "The brothers had made it to the top." "The next challenge was how to get theaters wired for sound." "They bought First National which had the largest theater chain in the country and a sprawling lot in Burbank." "Then they went on and they made the great pictures of the 30s and 40s." "Great stars and all that." "Nobody had a crystal ball saying, "The Depression is coming."" "But Harry was smart enough had enough business savvy to say it's not really the smartest thing to have all of our eggs in one basket." "And so he diversified the company in the late 1920s so that they got into publishing and they got into music." "Leading this new division was a Warner brother of the next generation." "Harry's only son, Lewis." " That's Lewis and my dad." " And Arthur." " That's Arthur." " And who's the pretty girl?" "I don't know, but I guarantee it was with Lewis and not Arthur." "Lewis was always a bit of a devilish character." " And my father" " And my father..." " Yes, he was." " ...was very shy, very shy." " Gorgeous." "Okay." " Yeah, he was a leader and a half, that guy." " Lewis was." "Oh, yeah." "But not always in the right, proper direction." "Well, that depends." "If you like girls, it was the perfect direction." "That's what he was known for." "The house was always like a party, and he played music a lot." "And, yeah, he was a fun person." "He was great to be with." "He was marvelous to me." "He treated me, you know, extremely lovingly." "He was in New York at the New York office and he was helping with that." "He was also producing plays on Broadway." "He was a very attractive young man and very bright, and wonderful personality." "He had two girlfriends and he decided that he and one of his girlfriends would go down to Cuba for a vacation." "While he was down there, his wisdom tooth, which was impacted bothered him and he had to come back." "By the time he got back, it was infected so they put him in the hospital and two weeks later, he was gone." "Years later, Grandpa is quoted as saying:" ""The one thing I wanted in this world was to have a son but God took him away when he was 23 years old and I was 50." "He had a tooth pulled." "If it had happened today, penicillin would have saved him but God took him."" "Probably the biggest tragedy in my dad's life was that my brother died before both their dreams could be fulfilled." "No music was allowed in the house as Rea mourned for three years." "Harry tried to bury his grief by working even harder as the Depression was well underway." "When we think about the history of Hollywood if you ask somebody "What's the purpose of Hollywood?" most people would jump, "To entertain me."" ""Let us entertain you." "Take me away from my worries."" "Harry Warner certainly was committed to education and a lot of that, I think he got from his father." "His father said to him:" ""If you wanna go into films, then take that tool and make it a tool for social good."" "I think that film is the most powerful means of communication that there is." "I actually think that it does affect the way you think or feel and it can effect social legislation." "And because of that I think that We filmmakers have a powerful social responsibility." "And I think you always must entertain but you have to be aware of the messages that you're sending and I think you have to act responsibly." "Take a look at that." "The skunk." "You're next." "Take his stinking shirt off." "Warner Bros. looked at some of the harsher realities of the United States and that's another, I think, sort of courageous move on Warner Bros.' part in that they looked at the prison system they looked at sort of the underside of America." "All right, let him out." "Come on." "Public outcry resulting from this film forced prison reforms throughout the United States." "It is true that Warner Bros. was sued by the Ku Klux Klan." "Soldiers of the Black Legion, you see before you an instrument of death." " We give you this...." " In the film Black Legion they wore uniforms that looked very much like the uniforms of the Klan." "And the Klan believed that the film was being made to disparage them." "They sued Warner Bros. and they lost." "Criminal disregard of germs and their power to invade the bloodstream is causing a death rate in childbirth alone of three out of every 10 mothers or in the city of Paris, over 20,000 innocent and helpless women annually." "They were really trying to enlighten people and trying to educate people." "It wasn't just entertaining." "They did-- And they did a great job of it too." "Because most of the things that I learned as a kid and I think most of Americans, was what we learned from the movies in those days." "Really was." "Hey, Tom, Wait a minute." " What happened?" " Nothing." "I just got burned up, that's all." "What do you Wanna run out on me for?" "We're together, ain't We?" "Sure." "You know, in connection With that Whole idea of the criminal element or the loner or the antisocial person being the hero of the film to a certain extent there's been that kind of continuity of attention being paid to that kind of hero at Warners." "They brawled their way through life and it's one thing and another and that's what those characters in those movies did." "Jimmy Cagney, the ultimate brawler." "Now, boys, boys, don't let all that smooth talk fool you." "Farrell and the rest of that gang of leeches up at headquarters are supposed to be working for us." "We sweat blood to give them their fat salaries their fancy offices and high-priced cars to ride around in." " You bet." " That's right." "There was a time when there were more films of social relevance and they came out of the studio system." "And today, I've come to believe actually that the marketing of a movie is more important than the movie." "And that is to me a very, very sad thing." "And perhaps that explains Why there are less films of social relevance, because they're harder to market." "It wasn't only message films that my grandfather liked to make." "Producer Leon Schlesinger tickled the brothers' fancy and Merrie Melodies began in 1931 exhibiting their scene of humor and spirit of play." "I remember Bugs Bunny." "I can quote Words from Bugs Bunny." "I can quote the little character in" "That was looking out to kill a rabbit." " Elmer Fudd?" " Fudd, yeah, that's the guy." "And he goes up to this big rabbit and he looks at him and he says:" ""Say, What is--?" "What is a rabbit?"" "So Fudd says, "Well, a rabbit has big ears."" "And then the rabbit says, "Like this?"" "Fudd says, "And a rabbit has a little tail."" "And the rabbit says, "Like this?"" "And then Fudd says, "Hey, you're a rabbit."" "I am a rabbit!" "The Warner Bros. cartoons, with a figure like Bugs Bunny a kind of a cynical, ironic figure, makes a connection to the audience there." "Looks at the audience." "What am I doing?" "Bugs looks at the audience a lot more than Mickey ever does." "Now, another thing those cartoons do that always intrigued me is how often they bring the movies themselves into the cartoons." "Say, pardon me, but could you help out a fellow American who's down on his luck?" "Hit the road." "I was fascinated by Great-Uncle Jack who had all the cockiness of Bugs Bunny." "We only met a few times as he was rarely present at family gatherings and, in fact, his name was said only in hushed tones." "If you could think of Jack Nicholson as The Joker that would be sort of Jack Warner." "Oh, I think Jack Warner was a big ham and he had the smell of show business." "Well, you know, he told jokes all the time." "Even" " They Were terrible." "And he then would repeat them When he didn't think people got the point of them." "He'd trap you one-on-one where you made eye contact and you couldn't escape." "He knew he was Jack Warner and he'd start his one-liners on you." "And of course, I'm ha-ha-ha-ing and he knows it." "He's not a stupid guy." "And he's rattling off nine or 10 and I'm laughing and anybody else who he trapped was laughing." "He always liked Jewish humor." "Yiddish humor, you might say, vaudeville humor." "I like just as much corny, Yiddish, vaudeville shtick." " Yeah." " I always say the "khe."" "You know, you're mishpokhe." "And, you know, that means-- Mishpokhe means your family." "The "khe." If you can say "khe" right." "Over the years, Jack became known for things he'd say in public that could hardly be believed." "I can only imagine Albert Einstein's reaction when Jack told him:" "Hey, bub, I've got a theory of relativity too." "Don't hire them." "And who can forget Jack's historic meeting with Madame Chiang Kai-shek?" "How could I be so dumb?" "I forgot my laundry ticket." "No tickle, no laundry, right?" "When the lights went up after Warren Beatty showed Jack the first cut of Bonnie and Clyde:" "So, Jack, what did you think?" "I always know when a picture's too long." "Really?" "How?" "Depends on how many times I get up to take a leak." "One piss, fine." "Two piss, trouble." "But goddamn it, kid, you made a three-piss picture." "I don't think Harry or Albert played parts." "I think they were simply your Jewish uncle that is very familiar." "But Jack was:" "And that's how he did it." "It wouldn't be fun for me to play that part." "That's a tough-- That's a tough part to keep playing." "And so many people think you're a jerk, you know, because you're out there doing that." "But the great thing was, he didn't care." "He didn't have to care, and he could go to Monte Carlo, he could do" ""I can do anything I want."" "That's the kind of attitude that he brought to it." ""I don't care What you think, I'm me and fuck you."" "And he did that with a kind of aggression too, so that you stood back." "It was clear that that Jack was more interested in publicity more interested in playing the media game more interested in the machinations of Hollywood." "But Harry was clearly doing it for moral reasons." "These poor devils have all had their homes burned their families beaten and starved to death by your tax-gatherers." " Bless you, Robin, we'll never forget you." " Our humble thanks, master." " May we be worthy, Robin." " You are, Mother, you are." " Have you eaten Well, friend?" " Yes, thank you, Robin." "I'm sorry to have to show you that but once these poor people Were all happy and contented just simple villagers who never harmed a soul." "Grandpa often read the newspaper as he took pride in being aware of local and world news." "His associate told me that he would often come across a story about somebody being persecuted or experiencing some personal difficulty." "He'd send someone to collect more information so if he could, he would anonymously help them out  with a couple months' rent or a job." "I came back from lunch one day and I had all this money on my desk." "I went in to Sylvia and I said, "Somebody's left a lot of money on my desk." "Do you know who it belongs to?"" "And she says, "It's yours."" "I said, "Mine?" "How did I get it?" It was about 100 dollars." "Well, that was, like, a week's salary in those days." "And she said, "Mr. Warner bet his horse, Honey's Alibi on all of us across the board, and it won."" "That was pretty nice." "In Los Angeles the Medical Achievement Award goes to Harry M. Warner, president of Warner Bros." "Apparently others noticed his generosity as he was given the title of "the man who brought charity to Hollywood."" "I'm grateful to our great country for having given me the opportunity that enabled me to do whatever I have been able to do for my fellow man for which I seek no honors." "He was on his way to Germany to open up the exchanges and as a side trip, we went to Belgium to the Aragon and in through the forests where a lot of the First World War had been waged." "And he took us down in the trenches and told us the stories, you know of the people in trenches being 25 feet apart and shooting at each other all day and then at night, exchanging cigarettes and talking to each other." "I mean, that kind of anti-war premise was spoken." "You know, war was stupid and hell and unnecessary." "In 1933, Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany." "One of his first acts was to order a boycott of Jewish-owned businesses." "Harry is convinced that he cannot do business With Germany as long as Hitler is in power." "This is the first studio in Hollywood to stop doing business with Nazi Germany and other people thought he was crazy." "People, you know-- Louis B. Mayer says:" ""We can't live without the German box office."" "I didn't realize how lucrative a market Germany was and Europe was in the 1930s but I found out that about half the gross was made outside of the United States." "So it was a very big deal for someone to actually pull out of Germany in 1 934 years before any of the other studios decided to pull out." "So I think that's putting your money where your mouth is." "Ultimately, to make some socially responsible decisions you must be willing to give up some level of profit some level of squeezing every last nickel out." "It's not just the Hollywood industry that is selling its product overseas but Americans across the board are doing business with Nazi Germany." "You know, the International Business Machine, for example, IBM." "Working With Nazi Germany." "In fact, they develop the device to catalog the folks who will go to the prison camps." "Warner Bros. wanted to make a film called Concentration Camp." "This was based on reporting that had been coming in about the concentration camps." "Dachau opened in March of 1933." "I mean, people forget that the camps started that early." "Harry Warner ordered folks in the studio to start collecting stories." "You know, start going through newspapers." "They're going to focus on the horrors of the camps." "I mean, they can't be as graphic as they could be today but about people losing their civil liberties, being rounded up you know, put into these camps for forced labor." "So the Production Code says, "No, you can't do that."" "They say, "If you try to go through with this film We'll contact the State Department."" "It's a funny thing to me that if Warner Bros. knows there's concentration camps in the mid-'30s, then other people know." "And so it was a real attempt at making a very hard-hitting film that they didn't get to make." "The Production Code Authority was putting a lot of pressure on Warner Bros." "Warner Bros. was pushing the envelope more than the other studios were." "not to offend foreign governments, not to offend pressure and interest groups." "Blocked by the Production Code Grandpa found other ways to convey messages throughout the '30s." "Porfirio What does it mean, this Word?" "Democracy?" "Why, it means liberty." "Liberty for a man to say what he thinks, to worship as he believes." "It means equal opportunity." "There was also a strong virulent element of anti-Semitism." "There were a number of posters and pamphlets and" "That were leafleted around that were saying these were Jewish studios and how dare they speak up as a minority when in fact that was, again, one of these American values and American principles that Warner Bros. knew so well." "Harry Warner himself took the word "Jew" out of The Life of Emile Zola." "It was not there in the dialogue." "He said it should not be there in the dialogue." "It's there." "It's Written." "At one point, somebody points to the list of the members of the general staff and it says, "Dreyfus." "Religion:" "Jew."" "He says, "How did this person ever get on the general staff there?"" "So it's clear what's going on." "But it's not there in the dialogue." "Now, he's been criticized." "The film has been criticized for this." "It wasn't up front enough." "It didn't say it." "To me, I think it's a different kind of thing." "Because, in fact, by taking out the explicitness in that way it makes the idea of prejudice a lot more general." "You will not say, like many, "What does it matter if an innocent man is undergoing torture on Devil's Island?"" "Is the suffering of one obscure person worth the disturbance of a great country?" "Not only is an innocent man crying out for justice but more, much more." "A great nation is in desperate danger of forfeiting her honor." "You had an industry that was run by Jews, censored by Catholics and an audience of Protestants." "So only in America." "I thank God each night that such an organization as the American Legion exists in our country." "The American Legion has become the watchdog of democracy the guardian of equal rights for all a warning to destructive interests the world over that Americans will stand alone if necessary in support of true democratic government and against the hates and prejudices of a world gone mad." "Confessions of a Nazi Spy." "The most defiant motion picture ever made." "Confessions of a Nazi Spy is the film Harry had been looking for where they could actually use the word Nazi in a film and let people know what Hitler's up to." "We are proud of our new Germany." "Confessions of a Nazi Spy was definitely a milestone in American cinema." "It's the first American movie that is an explicitly anti-Nazi film." "They were writing it in 1 938, shooting in the beginning of 1939 and it premiered in April 1939." "Until then, the Production Code Administration had consistently turned down every project that had to do with Nazis." "They would not let the studios make anything attacking Hitler." " was this your first trip to Germany?" " No, I was born in Germany." " Really, Where?" " In Runaborg." "Do you know it?" "Yes, we always get our Christmas candles from there." "They smell so good." "Yes, they smell of honey and heather." "Heather almost as far as the eye could see." " And you found it changed?" " Changed?" " The sheep are gone now." " Why?" "There's a Hitler storm-troop barrack in the middle of the heather." "My old pasture is in a concentration camp." "My friends talk in Whispers, When they talk at all." "You have family left in Runaborg?" "Yes, my brother, and some relatives and their children." "Oh, I wish that" "You believe in that system?" "I believe in the purposes and destiny of the Third Reich and our Fuhrer, Adolf Hitler." "What happened in February 1 938 the FBI uncovered a Nazi spy ring operating in the United States and they brought them to trial in early October in New York." "And the Warner Bros. realized that this was their opportunity to come in and make their anti-Nazi film." "Because now they were making a film about a real case." "It was an FBI story." "They flew out one of their Writers to watch the trial in New York." "They then signed up Leon Turrou Who had been the FBI agent Who broke the case." "And Turrou flew out to Los Angeles as a consultant Where he Wrote in a number of articles how impressed he was by the Warner brothers." "and by the real dedication of the studio and everyone involved with the production to make an anti-Nazi film." "That information concerned only enemies of our party and our Fuhrer." "Your Fuhrer?" "I thought you said you were a loyal American?" "I am." "They came under tremendous pressure not to make this movie." "A number of actors turned down parts because they feared that there would be Nazi reprisals against families that were still living in Germany or Austria or any of the occupied lands." "The German council came to the studios, came to Will Hays and threatened that Germany would boycott all Hollywood films if they allowed the Warner Bros. movie to be released." "Warners got tremendous pressure from other studio heads who said:" ""Look, you're really endangering our well-being by making this movie."" "And perhaps the worst was, Jack Warner came home one day and there was a big envelope that had come in the mail and when he opened it up, he found a blueprint of his home." "And inside was a letter saying, "We know where you live."" "And so the message was clear, "Don't make the movie" but they made it anyway." "Germany invades Poland and the Free State of Danzig." "Efforts and hopes of diplomats for peaceful settlement are transformed into the roar of gunfire." "Warsaw is bombed, blasted and shelled." "Poland is in ruins." "People were isolationist for the most part." "The polls that Were taken:" ""We don't wanna have anything to do with what was happening in Europe."" "I don't Wanna be no corporal." " What's that?" " I don't Wanna be no corporal." " Why not?" " Wait a minute, captain, let him talk." "Well, you see, I" "Is it because of your religious convictions, York?" "Yes, sir, that's it." " You're a religious man, York." " Yes, sir." " You Want to Worship God in your own Way." " Yes sir." " You're a farmer." " Yes, sir." "You wanna plow your fields as you see fit and raise your family according to your own rights." "And that's your heritage and mine." "Every American's." "But the cost of that heritage is high." "Sometimes it takes all we have to preserve it." "Even our lives." "How you going to answer that, York?" "Wow." "You done give me a powerful lot to be a-thinking about." "Well, take your time." "We all know that the fight against intolerance did not end with the armistice of 1 91 8." "It may never end." "It has been Well and truly said that eternal vigilance is the price of liberty." "In 1941, Harry was called before a Senate subcommittee to testify about using motion pictures as propaganda and charged with creating hysteria by inciting Americans to go to war." "In defense of Warner Bros. films, he responded:" ""The only crime we are guilty of is accurately portraying reality."" "A week later, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor and the charges were dropped." "The brothers dedicated all the studio resources to the war effort and made training films for soldiers." "It' s been a wonderful evening and I' d like to stay some more." "But I gotta get a move on now." "I sail at half past 4." "Heil." "That troop ship bound for Africa pulls out at half past 4." "Good evening, Hollywood Canteen." "The brothers recruited Hollywood's biggest stars to support the troops and to raise millions of dollars in war bonds." "The only way you can see the Canteen is to join the Army, the Navy, the Marines." "Even Casablanca rallied Americans to join the fight against fascism." "All right, major, you asked for it." "Bogart is the archetypal American Who has to be persuaded in one way or another that you need to engage with the war." "That you need to engage in the fight against fascism and Nazism." "You have any idea what you'd look forward to if you stayed?" "Nine chances out of 10, We'd Wind up at a concentration camp." " Isn't that true, Louie?" " Major Strasser Would insist." "You're saying this only...." "Casablanca, of course, is the greatest romantic melodrama ever made and it has this character at the center who is very bitter and very cynical about everything Who ultimately is redeemed by love and by the noble effort of the Second World War." "Although Casablanca reflected Harry's convictions about fighting fascism it was Jack who ultimately took the Oscar for it." "Hal Wallis, the producer of Casablanca and many other top Warner Bros. films rose to accept his Best Picture Oscar only to see Jack Warner make a beeline to the stage before he could even get to the aisle." "In Wallis' words, "I couldn't believe it was happening." "Casablanca had been my creation." "Jack had absolutely nothing to do with it."" "Let me tell you about Jack Warner's editing skills." "I knew one of his first editors, and he said, "He was the kind of a guy it's gotta be his way." "He's always right."" "I said, "How did you get around that?" He says, "I would cut the day's work and I'd always have one obvious flub." "I mean, obvious, Eddie." "Anybody who didn't know about the picture business would see it and say, 'Hold it!" "What the hell are you, crazy?" "Didn't you see that?" "Fix that, goddamn it." "And he wouldn't bother with anything else and I loved that because it was my cut."" "In Los Angeles, vast crowds hail France's thanks for America's Friendship Food Train." "Highlight of the ceremonies, the presentation to Harry M. Warner of a torch lighted from the eternal flame at the tomb of France's unknown soldier." "National chairman of the American Friendship Food Train Mr. Warner expresses the hope that these examples of international brotherly love may be the forerunners of peace on earth and goodwill toward all men among all the peoples of the world." "In 1934, When people, never mind What their faith is that is immaterial, were persecuted and executed, that we didn't rise." "Had we have risen at that time, there would have been no war." "If 500 or 600,000 dogs Were being executed in Germany I'm positive that the World Would have risen." "But, oh, no." "We hear arguments about isolationists about everything under the sun except making a home for those that were persecuted." "When he heard that they were thinking of taking all the Jews out of Germany and bringing them to Israel he said, "This is not a good idea." "This is a place that is now inhabited by both Arabs and Jews and this is not a place, really, that they should spend the rest of their lives."" "He said, "Try Alaska."" "Of course, I don't know whether he spoke to the Jews about that but that was one of his suggestions." "Jack also found himself wrestling with postwar problems." "The Cold War brought with it a congressional committee that spent years investigating Hollywood for possible communistic and subversive activities." "And I am happy to have had the opportunity to testify." "If you want, you can do it over." "Yeah, I blew it." ""Ideology "term-- Ideological terms, rather" "Termites have burrowed into many American industries, organizations and societies." "Wherever they may be, I say let us dig them out and get rid of them." "My brothers and I will be happy to subscribe generously to a pest-removal fund." "We are willing to establish such a fund to ship to Russia the people who don't like our American system of government and prefer the communistic system to ours." "I believe that there is definitely an anti-Semitic component to the House Committee of Un-American Activities." "I really believe that." "If you look at people called to testify people who are accused of having communist sympathies or they've been to communist meetings or if they're socialists there seems to be a preponderant number of Jews." "For many of the HUAC investigators anti-Semitism, communism and anti-fascism were all part and parcel of the same thing." "People who had been part of the anti-fascist movement in the'30s and early'40s were immediately accused of also being communists." "He never felt that he had any Writer in his studio, on the lot Who was Writing subversive material, Whereas Jack wasn't so sure." "So there was a split between the two of them almost immediately during this period of the picture business being attacked." "During this time, Harry is quoted as saying:" ""If my own brother were a communist, I'd drag him down to the FBI."" "But it's unclear whether that says more about his feelings for Jack  than his feelings for communists." "J. L. and Harry Warner, they don't" "There' s problems there." "You know, that's all I ever heard." "You remember him taking lunch at a different time than Jack?" "He went usually earlier than Jack, yeah." "He Would go, I think, around noon Whereas Jack Wouldn't come by" "Because he had to go by our office to go to the private dining room so I would see him every day." "He would maybe go, like, 1 and 2:00 and he would miss Mr. Warner, of course and he very seldom came in the office." "There was so much anger going on between he and Jack and his illness would" "I said the same thing." "be exacerbated by some meeting at the studio, and" "You know, and then he would come home and you could see the veins in his neck." " So that was from meetings with Jack?" " Oh, yeah." "I'm sure." "I didn't put it quite as strongly, but that's What I said too." "The role that Albert played was keeping peace between the two brothers." "I don't think people really understand how Jack and Harry just did not get along." "And anything Jack did, Harry was furious about and I'm not so sure, but I understand he had quite a temper and Jack always thought that he was the Warner Bros." " Walt and my dad had a five-year fight." " Really?" "They didn't speak." "Walt sort of Wanted to be king, you know?" "They finally resolved it semi-amicably." "It was" " It was brutal." "My father Worked at the studio and he ended up being the referee between Jack and Harry." "And then I'd go to the lot with him on Saturday and I'd see this booming factory of creativity going on and yet I was hearing these stories about these guys chasing each other wanting to kill each other." "I mean, literally, my dad had to stop my grandfather from killing Jack with a" "Yeah, With a lead pipe." " Really?" " And people have witnessed, you know" "Only brothers, I think." "I used to say that about Walt and Dad too." "Only brothers could fight like that." "Anybody else would have said, "Walt, I'm through with this deal." " I'm going into some other business."" " Yeah, yeah." " Extraordinary." " But the blood was important." "The struggles with Jack were taking its toll." "Harry's health was deteriorating and the family was encouraging him to retire against his wish to stay in the game." "When they did receive an offer, Jack and Abe were ready to sell." "Harry had not Wanted to sell the studio and Jack insisted this was a good price, a good time it was time for them to get out of it and so on." "He had argued and argued and argued with Harry and Harry finally said, "Okay."" "Jack sold it to Semenenko who was head of the Bank of Boston at that time." "Semenenko had it for one day and sold it back to Jack without Harry's involvement, which is a" " Wow." "As far as I know, we all tendered our stock." "Jack made a horrible deal for the family." "That a brother would do that to another brother after being in business all those years, and the business having been run and survives because of the older brother's business acuity and" "And somewhat Sam Warner too." "And without Sam's invention, nothing, forget it." "If Jack and Ann had been hard up and, you know, needed money, you know there might've been" " Not an excuse for it, but some rationale to it." "But Jack was a very rich man with more houses and villas and things than you could count on both hands." "He didn't need it." "I mean, he just didn't need it." "And it was just a dirty trick." "And that was the betrayal to end all betrayals." "Albert couldn't stop talking about that to me." "About what a son of a bitch Jack was, how he could have done it." "He couldn't believe he was his brother at any time." "And at that point Albert, Major, never spoke, as far as I know, to Jack again, ever." "Mr. Warner just had a fit." "You Want me to tell you What he said?" ""Over my dead body will he be president of this company."" "But he actually was and Mr. Warner found out then that he couldn't do anything about it." "And that really hurt him, you know, he was so broken up." "And I felt so sorry for him when he went to leave." "He came over and shook my hand and he said, "I'm gonna leave now."" "And I said, "Well, you'll come back, won't you?"" "He said, "I'll never put foot in this lot again."" "I said, "Yes, you Will." He said, "No, I Won't."" "And I don't think he ever did." "Now, greatness returns to the screen." "Yahoo!" "I guess you're about the best-looking gal We've seen around here in a long time." "The star who became a legend, who spoke for all the restless young as no one has before or since." "Why, thank you, Jett." "That's a very nice compliment." "And I'm gonna tell my husband I've met with your approval." "Oh, well, now I Wouldn't do that." "I mean, Well, no, I...." "I had made Rebel Without a Cause and then I went into Giant with James Dean." "Jimmy and I were having lunch and suddenly Jack Warner and Serge Semenenko were walking toward us." "And Mr. Warner said, "Jimmy, Jimmy, Jimmy." "I want you to meet someone." "Serge Semenenko."" "And Serge Semenenko reached out his hand to shake hands with Jimmy." "Jimmy reached into his pocket and pulled out a bunch of change and threw it at their feet and walked off." "And I sort of went...and followed him like-- I'm 18 years old." "I followed him like a little puppy dog, saying, "What was that all about?"" "Harry got stabbed in the back by his brother." "Shortly after the studio sale hit the trade papers Grandpa suffered a debilitating stroke." "It was his 50th Wedding anniversary and they were having a big celebration out at the ranch." "Harry now is completely isolated, a prisoner in his own body and down in the yard in the tent are all the family." "I was in the room alone With Harry, Who couldn't speak and just sat looking out of the window." "And my father pops through the door all cheery and bright with jokes." "Poor Harry, some tears came down his cheek and rolled down his cheek." "There was only one way he could get away from this man Who he hated, Who had done terrible things so he closed his eyes." "At this time, my father was in the south of France and I immediately sent him a cable that Harry had died." "They hadn't planned the funeral that we were gonna wait to hear about Jack coming back." "He didn't communicate With me but evidently sent a cable that he couldn't come back." "Jack was in a terrible car accident about five or six days later." "Had he come home to his brother's funeral, this might not have happened." "He was seriously injured and didn't return to the studio for about six months." "We used to think Jack Jr." "Would take over." "Everybody there liked the guy." "Before Jack came back to the lot, he had an attorney fire his son for supposedly giving the press the impression that he was dying." "Said I'm terminated, as of then, and I will be paid for six months." "And I said, "Why?" Then he took me aside and was like:" ""Every time he looks at you he sees Irma." That's my mother." "They changed the locks, my name was gone." "All, boom, like that." "As I'm leaving, they're putting up a sign over the main entrance that says, "Welcome back, Jack."" "You know, you always wonder about film whether it's mirroring what's going on or leading what's going on." "What was going on the year prior to the sale was the production of the film East of Eden a family drama about rival brothers." "Your son, Aron, he' s everything that' s good." "James Dean played the unappreciated son." "James Dean's next role was a lonely, discontented rebel without a cause." "You' re tearing me apart!" "Finally on his own, with no older brother looking over his shoulder Jack took creative risks with films like:" "Who's afraid of Virginia Woolf?" "Virginia Woolf." "Virginia Woolf." "Who's afraid of Virgin--?" "He said, "Wexler, Mike Nichols wants you to shoot Virginia Woolf."" "And I said-- I don' t know whether I said "sir "or not but I certainly felt "sir," and at that time it was" "And I said I was signed up to do A Fine Madness with Kershner." "Jack Warner did not waste much time." "He said:" ""You're gonna do Mike Nichols' picture."" "He said the famous lines about not working in Hollywood again." "There was a feeling when Nichols arrived with this group and this kind of material and Haskell, things would" " Jack understood that." "That things Were now changing." "You still look like you have a good body too." "Is that right?" "Have you?" " Martha, decency forbids" " Shut up." "Is that right?" "Have you kept your body?" " It's still pretty good." "I Work out." " Do you?" " Yeah." " Yes." "Warner Bros. did Who's Afraid Of Virginia Woolf?" ".." "...Which was a very bold movie that no other studio would have touched at the time." "And he was the one who approved it and got it made and stood behind it, so landmark movies continued to be made by Warner Bros until Jack Warner was finally put out to pasture." "Camelot." "Camelot." "Camelot is a big romantic musical produced by Jack L. Warner who brought My Fair Lady to the screen." "He personally supervises the project." "It's fascinating to me that Camelot was Jack's last studio film." "Lines like "Happiness is a virtue, but no one can be happy and wicked." "They can be triumphant but not happy."" "And then there's:" ""'Blood is thicker than water' was invented by undeserving relatives."" "The same thing happened when Seven Arts came in." "They bought Warner Bros. from Jack as I recall, a figure of $32 million." "Amazing to think of today in-- $32 million." "Of course, they said, "Well, you'll have an office." "You'll still be Jack Warner, head of the studio, "you know." "He had nothing to do, no papers crossed his desk, you know and in a year, he was gone." "I know everything everyone said about Jack and I could see, you know, but I understood it." "He had dreams of What he Would liked to have been of what he would have done if he could have and so forth." "But those are the things that I" " I" "Made me fond of Jack because I saw the longing in him to be something that he wasn't." "The key to the real Jack Warner may be hidden on the back of an unsent postcard I found buried in an old box." "On it, written in his handwriting, are these words:" ""I have made a new resolution not to speak." "Never, never say a word." "Not to utter more than absolutely essential  to erect barricades and walls of silence between myself and the world." "One has to be a cobblestone or a diamond not to be shattered by the hardness of most people." "Perhaps it is much harder to struggle against oneself than against fate."" "Mr. Warner was relieved of his being the frontman and all of a sudden, he had a lot of powerful lawyers telling him what to do, which didn't sit very well." "I just know everybody was terribly upset and that Mr. Warner went home." "He Went home to his big house." "It was an honor to be under contract at Warner Bros." "It wasn't sort of-- It wasn't a little thing." "It was like going into the major leagues, you know?" "It was" "You know, it was the Yankees and the Dodgers all combined for me." "This was a place you belonged to." "It was a family." "You were part of a family." "And for that privilege of being a part of that family you did what they told you to do." " Hello." " Hi, is this Bette-Ann?" " Yes." " It's your grandfather?" "My grandfather and the Warner Brothers' father were brothers." "So you know what the real Warner last name is?" "Yes, I do." "I think my sister and I are the only ones who really know." "That is so amazing." " Can you tell me what it is?" " Yes, it's Wonskolaser." "Wonskolaser." "W-O-N-S-K-O-L-A-S-E-R." " Won" " And you say it, "Wonskolaser"?" " Right." "Now, is that--?" "Is that--?" "That is like" " Oh, my God." "Can you imagine, "Wonskolaser Bros. Presents"?" "Yeah, exactly." "The Warner Bros. made the pictures that they wanted to see and that they thought were valuable and worthwhile." "That's a whole different mindset." "Thought you were smarter than to stick your kisser in." "I couldn't stand by and watch him shoot you down." "The potential force of motion pictures for good has just begun to be tapped." "All we have done is only a foundation for future greatness but we can take pride in the fact that our foundation is a firm one." "It is solid bedrock for future generations of pioneers to build upon." "My brothers and I thank you, one and all." "You have made us very happy tonight." "United they stood divided they fell." "Yet their ideals live on in all those who believe in using media to educate, entertain and enlighten." "In other words, those who have the chutzpah to put their tokhes on the table to make their dreams a reality." "And Jack?" "We're family." "We're mishpokhe." "As your heartfelt postcard said:" ""It is much harder to struggle against oneself than against fate."" "But now fate will not have the last word." "I'd like to believe I've kept my promise to you, Grandpa."