"BASED ON THE BOOK BY DARCY RIBEIRO" ""THE BRAZILIAN PEOPLE"" ""For 'corn', they say 'con', for 'better', they say 'batter'." "For 'worse', they say 'horse', for 'tile', they say 'file'." "For 'roof' they say 'woof' and their roofs they build. "" "There is another cultural area." "It is not more important than the others." "But it is very characteristic." "And one of those that changed the most:" "The Paulistânia." "The country side Paulistânia." "THE COUNTRY SIDE BRAZIL" "We tend to call anyone who lives in the country side "redneck"." "But in a very pejorative way." "Meaning that person is not civilized." "We should not use that term with that meaning here." "The redneck is the inhabitant of Paulistânia." "The result of the crossbreed of the Portuguese and the native Indians." "They live in São Paulo, Minas." "Goiás, Mato Grosso, Paraná, as we know it now." "And, in a way, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro." "The redneck is one of the many rural types in Brazil." "Girl, do you love me" "I want you more than anything" "I know that your heart" "Will be given to me" "The "paulistas", surrounded by the Indian girls." "Got them all pregnant." "And created the huge mass of "mamelucos"." "Who went off and created nomad groups." "That nomad people had their own culture and spoke Tupi." "In São Paulo, the Portuguese was not spoken, but the general language." "And by that I mean the Tupi-Guarani, adapted by the Jesuits." "Today, São Paulo is not a bilingual city due to pressure from Portugal." "Think about the names of all those important figures." "In the 17th and 18th century:" "Bartolomeu Bueno, Anhanguera." "There was also Tumarutaca." "We are used to it, so we do not realize that in São Paulo." "There are plenty of Indian names:" "Itaquaquecetuba, Araraquara, Itapetininga, Ubatuba." ""The country side was a psychological factor in the nomad movement." "It offered fortune, masses of Indians and mines full of gold." "The country side was a mystery, an adventure. "" ""For a century and a half, "paulistas" were owners of Indians." "First, the Indians were used as servants in the villages." "Then, they became a merchandise for the sugar mills." "The nomads went beyond the unexplored country side." "Always in the hope." "Of finding gold, silver and gem mines. "" "One fine day." "Paulistânia finally got what Portugal wanted:" "They found huge amounts of gold." "The black gold." "Was found by a servant who did not realize what it was." "Tons of gold were found in the rivers and everywhere." "Then, masses of people came from all over the country." "And from Portugal." "Where once there was no one, 10 years later there were thousands." "Of people coming from Portugal intending to dig gold." "They built prodigious churches." "Ouro Preto was founded." "Time goes by, the gold fountain is dry." "And then the miners decide to leave Ouro Preto." "And all the mining cities and spread around Minas Gerais." "The same thing happens in Mato Grosso e Goiás." "The gold fountain is dry, and people start spreading around." "Accomplishing things." "Raising pigs, making bacon, cultivating corn." "Raising cattle, making cheese." "That's the redneck culture." "The nomad world was a big economic enterprise." "When the nomads settled down." "And they lost their biggest incentive." "When they lost touch with the market." "They became rednecks." "Some became farmers, others became exporters and money-makers." "And they all went to the big cities:" "São Paulo, Sorocaba, ltu, Taubaté." "The rural man was no longer the main character in the market." "He started producing for himself." "He settled down and became economically atrophied." "The redneck area would later be enormously changed." "With the agriculture." "Thousands of miles of jungle went down." "By the hands of slaves coming from Africa." "To plant coffee." "The Africans came." "There was slavery in São Paulo, at Vale do Paraíba." "The Africans brought elements of the African culture with them." "So, in many places in São Paulo, we have rednecks." "Also practicing." "Activities originated in Africa, like the Moçambique." "The congada, the batuque." "It's beautiful to see how the redneck culture becomes richer." "And how there's no difference between." "The Indian, the Portuguese, and the Black heritage." "When the slaves were freed." "And replaced by the immigrants." "Who arrived here by the million, the immigrants were." "Socially and psychologically prepared to be a paid worker." "Something the Africans were not ready for." "Regular labor in Brazil was slave work, under the whip." "The redneck had all that space to run and escape." "Such a mobile and small population." "Generates a highly disperse settlement." "The basic redneck unit is the neighborhood." "The neighborhood is the territory." "Where people have no immediate contact." "But they all feel as if they belong to the same community." "Once, I asked an old redneck what a neighborhood was." "He said:" ""It is a tiny nation"." "The redneck, for being isolated from the urban centers." "Finds himself in function of the neighborhood needs." "He can't build his house on his own, so he calls his neighbors." "Of course he has to call those who live in his neighborhood." "If he's going to promote a Saint John's celebration." "The ones who contribute, bring food." "And give money when it's necessary are his neighbors." "The celebration of Saint John is a powerful cohesive factor." "Their culture was born from the Portuguese erudite culture." "Which influenced their manner of speaking." "We know that the redneck." "Sometimes speaks more purely than we do." "When they say "pregunta", "despois"." "They're talking like educated people in the 17th century." "This is a song I wrote called "Colorful Flower"." "With Vadinho and Vinéu." "It's so sad to live in this world" "And have and undying love" "If I lie down, I can't sleep" "If I can't sleep, I daydream" "Your absence has made me sad" "And I can't live with you" "If I lose your tenderness" "Leisure was part of their culture." "That's why we think they were lazy." "With leisure, they could fish and hunt." "Not to have fun, but because that's what they ate." "And their diet was very similar to the one of the Indian's." "Zeca, get up!" "I've been up for 2 hours and you're still in bed?" "At the beginning of the 20th century up to its half." "I would say up to the 1950's." "Brazil was a cultural unit, dare I say." "Almost perfect and finished." "From the social point of view, that reflected." "A rhythm, a time which was livable and assimilative." "Society did not present such clear conflicts." "They existed... but they were solved in their own rhythm." "With the coming of industrial society... there was a huge impact on that society." "Which we can call archaic." "Where everything society consumed was produced by its people." "There were no markets, but street markets." "There was handicraft." "Even when the French mission came bringing new technology." "New ways of live and new social habits." "Its impact wasn't as big as it obviously was." "From the 50's on." "With the boom in industrialization and the arrival of." "Procedures, habits and technology." "Which had been created overseas." "And which, therefore, were foreign." "To the universe of Brazilian civilization." ""The basic institutions." "Of the redneck culture." "Were disintegrated when touched by the renovating wave." "Represented by the new formula for agricultural and pastoral production." "With a mercantile aspect." "There are no rednecks with archaic and poor manners and life... which were enough for him." "With industrialization, this array of fundamental factors." "And his production technology transformed his way of being." "Of thinking and acting."" "Once he is subordinated to the market." "He has to buy goods which he cannot afford." "Because his wife wants a tin basin, he wants an alarm clock." "His daughter wants a watch, and his leisure time is over." "Off they go to the big city." "Not because the big city offered them jobs." "They were cast away." "Schools, which used to be decent, now are decadent." "When the redneck goes to a city, he goes to São Paulo." "Today, São Paulo is the destroyer of all rednecks." "Here, they become pariahs, they work as contruction workers." "They work in construction, they work as doormen, as soldiers." "And they live in the outskirts." "This is our daily life, going to work, coming home." "What matters is the self-confidence we see in people." "The determination..." "When I arrived here and I saw." "All those cars, those tall buildings." "I thought "How can they build a building so high like that?"" "Then, I started thinking, I saw all the cars." "In Minas, when we saw 3 cars at the same time." "On the dirt road near my house, we all got a little." "Sometimes, helicopters flew above our heads." "And we all wondered how those things could float like that." ""Nowadays, things are more complex because traditional institutions." "Have lost their power to control and to doctrine." "Schools can no longer teach, churches can no longer preach." "And political parties can no longer make politics." "Instead, there's a monstrous mass communication system." "Imposing unreachable standards and desires." "Isolating the population even more."" "I don't talk about rednecks simply as a scholar." "I talk about it also as a participant." "So, I tend to believe." "That the redneck culture I've known is now extinct." "Of course there are some ghosts of it floating around." "What the city inhabitant sees is a folklore culture." "The impression we have with our country music." "Is that the redneck brings his own music from the country side." "And it will inspire the city man." "But that's not all." "A large part of the city culture also goes to the country side." "I don't know where I'm going" "It might even be in vain" "My life goes on" "Once, my wife and I were watching a caruru presentation." "In a rural area in Piracicaba." "And this man, Nhô João de Ponte, sang a beautiful song." "I said "That song you wrote is beautiful", and he said:" ""It's not mine, it's been 'fagmented'."" "It had been fragmented." "I researched, and you know what?" "It was an old march about a streetcar." "He had heard it on the radio." "He went to the big city, heard it and "fagmented" it." "Fragmenting is a common way of culture communication." "I get a notion here and there." "That traditional culture was so rich." "It was so open and not closed." "From the point of view of mental structures." "That it assimilated and gave back, through new ways." "New habits and new ways of facing reality." "The inventiveness, the creativity." "The innovating ability of the Brazilian." "Is one of Brazil's best exporting products."