"On this episode of "Strange Science"." "Is the Shroud of Turin really the burial shroud of Jesus?" "New evidence, new controversies." "Does this Canadian lake have its own Loch Ness Monster?" "Has this man discovered a revolutionary new energy source?" "Can scientists predict who will become a criminal?" "She claims to diagnose medical conditions over the phone." "There are thousands of images of the face of Christ." "But could this linen burial shroud contain the one true image of Jesus of Nazareth?" "Millions of the faithful believe it's so." "But most scientists are unconvinced." "This cathedral in Turin, Italy contains the most studied artifact in the history of modern science." "Physicists, chemists, microbiologists, forensic pathologists, botanists, to name just a few, have spent hundreds of thousands of hours examining this 1 4-foot by three-foot piece of linen." "Yet after years of intense study, controversy still swirls about the Shroud." "And the more data that is collected, the more puzzling the Shroud becomes." "Father Giuseppi Ghiberti is one of the Church officials responsible for the protection of the Shroud." "The Bible, and especially the New Testament, speaks about the Shroud which wrapped the body of Jesus." "The Church recognizes the Shroud as an ancient linen which contains the image of a crucified man who has the same scourging and injuries suffered by Christ as said in the Gospels." "Owned by the family of the French knight Geoffrey de Charney, the first known public display of the Shroud as the burial cloth of Jesus took place in 1357." "Six years later, the family sold the Shroud to the House of Savoy, who moved it to a chapel in Chambery, France." "In 1 532, fire swept through the chapel, and the Shroud was nearly destroyed by smoke, water, and burning drops of molten silver." "Scorched, stained and patched, the repaired Shroud was moved to its permanent home in Turin, Italy in 1 578." "300 years later, Secondo Pia became the first person to photograph the Shroud." "In his darkroom, Pia made a breathtaking discovery." "When seen as a photographic negative, the faint image on the linen leapt out in astonishing detail, prompting worldwide interest in both the image on the Shroud and the process that created it." "We asked author and researcher Ian Wilson to give us a tour of this amazing and puzzling artifact." "What we're looking at here is the negative of the face on the Shroud." "And you can see, at the top of the head here, there are blood flows that come around the head and down the forehead, from something like the crown of thorns." "Traditionally, Christ is depicted as having been crucified through the hands." "But according to Wilson, the image on the Shroud has revealed fascinating clues about how Christ may have been crucified, as evidenced by the Shroud's hidden thumbs." "When you put a nail through this part of the wrist here, the thumb is snapped into the palm like this." "So when you're looking at the hand from this side, what you see is no thumbs of any kind." "How could a forger have imagined this?" "The other half of the Shroud reveals many additional striking details." "What we're looking at now is the back of the body image." "A series of crisscross markings going down the buttocks here, the caves here." "You can see that they have kind of a dumbbell shape, as from a whip with twin pellets to it, which is consistent with the Roman flagrum." "Scientific study of the Shroud intensified in the 1970's." "With full cooperation from the Church, a group of American scientists, called The Shroud of Turin Research Project, worked around the clock for almost a week, testing and probing the Holy relic." "From the immense amount of data they recorded came these startling conclusions." "Bloodstains on the Shroud are real human blood." "The image was not created by inorganic pigments, stains, or dyes." "Rather, the tiny linen fibers in each strand have been shaded individually  in a way that could not have been painted on." "And perhaps most amazing, image intensity data, which translated into this three-dimensional vertical relief map." "But it would be ten years before the essential question could be put to the test." "How old is the Shroud?" "Carbon dating determines an object's age by measuring its carbon-1 4 content which decays at a consistent and measurable rate." "Would the test date the Shroud to the 1st Century AD, concurrent with Christ's Crucifixion?" "Or would the legendary relic be proven a forgery?" "Three teams of scientists were given samples of the Shroud for carbon-1 4 testing." "The team from the University of Arizona was headed by biological physicist Doctor Paul Damon." "Each lab got four cylinders, containing the Shroud of Turin, a piece about the size of a postage stamp." "Scientific and religious communities worldwide awaited the results." "To the best of our knowledge, the Shroud age is late 1200's to late 1300's." "Professor Emeritus of Duke University Medical School Doctor Alan Whanger and his wife have been studying the Shroud for 20 years." "We were appalled when we saw that they had taken only one single specimen from the Shroud to do the carbon dating on, and that they'd taken this from the dirtiest corner, which had been reinforced some time in the Middle Ages." "Chemically, the fibers are very different from the fibers on the rest of the Shroud." "In addition, the fire of 1 532 may well have had some effect on getting additional carbon chemically bound to the material, as well." "But Doctor Damon insists that the sample was cleaned of all impurities, and he doesn't buy the fire argument, either." "The idea that the fire could have changed the date is totally incorrect." "We've performed experiments to see if charring of linen would change the age, and it does not." "Puzzling images of the Shroud could also contradict the carbon-1 4 results." "Using polarized overlays, Doctor Whanger claims to have found" "Roman coins over the eyes of the man on the Shroud." "Both these coins were struck in 29 AD." "So we knew certainly this was no medieval artistic production." "The computer enhancement shows the letters U.C.A.I." "This is the coin of Father Philas here, and here we see the letters U.C.A.I." "Many researchers cannot see these letters." "Yet Doctor Whanger also claims to see many kinds of other objects on the Shroud, including crucifixion nails," "Roman spears, and even dozens of flowers." "Ian Wilson prefers to stay with the obvious." "I rest my arguments on what even the skeptic can agree is on there." "We can all see a face, long nose, long hair." "Nobody can seriously dispute those elements." "Even to those who doubt the relic's authenticity, like physicist Doctor Paul Damon, the shroud's origin remains a challenging mystery." "If we look at it as an artifact, we would have the question who was the artist?" "What technique did the artist use?" "Theories abound, including acid baths, scorching, burnishing, early forms of photography, and direct contact with a live or dead human body." "The Shroud of Turin- is it an amazing rendering of one man's incredible suffering and death?" "A photographic negative, created centuries before the invention of photography?" "For the thousands of pilgrims who flock to see the Shroud, no explanation is necessary." "But scientists will continue to grapple with the unanswered questions of the Shroud long after it is safely returned to its jewel-encrusted reliquary." "Next, we'll go fishing for Canada's elusive lake monster," "Ogopogo, on "Strange Science."" "Most of us have heard the legend of the Loch Ness Monster." "Sightings are rare." "And still more elusive are photographs, films, or videotape of Scotland's mysterious creature." "But half a world away, in the vacation town of Kelowna," "British Columbia, lives another legendary creature." "The native people called it Naitaka- "long fish."" "In the 1920's, an Englishman named it Ogopogo." "Canada's mysterious alien resident supposedly lives in nearby Lake Okanagan." "Unlike the Loch Ness Monster, sightings abound." "I saw this massive thing raise up out of the water, waves roll off its back, and I stood there," "I'm sure, with my mouth open." "I remember going, "Oh, my God, no."" "It was, I would guess, about 40 feet long." "And it would be about maybe two and a half feet wide." "It's really dark green." "Like long, and it has no fins, though." "It's really long." "I've seen it three times." "Arleen Gaal has been a journalist for over 25 years." "She's written two books and numerous articles on this subject and stands as the resident expert on Ogopogo." "We're looking at hundreds of sightings with, you might as well say, thousands of people, because there were group sightings of 1 7, bus loads of 56 people, picnic sights with close to a hundred people." "The excitement generated by these sightings has resulted in dozens of photographs, moving images, souvenirs, pop tunes, and Lloyd's of London's offer of a million-dollar reward." "But despite the pictures and the sightings, no one has ever proven that Ogopogo exists- a fact that local enthusiasts would like to change." "I shot the top photo in, three months before" "Wally Walthren from Seattle shot the bottom one." "What caught my attention was the similarities of the animals or of the object that broke water" "do these images show that an unknown creature actually lives in Lake Okanagan?" "John Kirk, author and president of the British Columbia" "Scientific Cryptozoology Club, believes that they do." "Cryptozoology is a term that was coined by one of the most noted zoologists of the 20th Century," "Doctor Bernard Heuvelmans, who had an interest in animals that had not yet been identified by science." "Cryptozoology means "the study of hidden animals or as-yet unrevealed, unclassified, un-catalogued animals."" "The Columbia River system, essentially, was dammed to harness hydroelectric power in 1926 onwards." "So my theory is that Ogopogo was originally a seagoing creature, but ultimately became trapped in Okanagan Lake." "Okanagan Lake is, in some places, as deep as 900 feet." "It's a very, very deep lake." "It's a glaciated semi-volcanic type of lake." "The best opportunity I had of really studying and knowing the lake system was when I observed it on sonar." "And the lake system itself, in some areas, actually has a body of water, then a shelf, a large layer of land jutting out, and then another body of water below." "If this creature were to be injured or harmed, it would have a place to go and hide and probably die, and that's probably, most likely why we don't have carcasses ending up on the lakeshore." "Since no carcass nor hard physical evidence exists, just what does Ogopogo look like?" "B-movie makers and legitimate researchers alike continue to fish for answers." "This was the first sighting I ever had, on May 19th, 1987, where I was at Mission Hill in the Okanagan." "And that down there is Ogopogo's head." "As it was swimming across the lake, our attention was drawn to it, and we thought "This is a very unusual object."" "And upon closer inspection, we can see it wasn't a motorboat, it wasn't a discernible animal that we knew about- there are beavers and otters and muskrat in the lake, but this head was far too large." "About ten minutes later, I noticed two very bizarre-looking arrowhead wakes there on the surface of the lake, indicating that something very large was under the water, creating a disturbance." "What people are seeing out there is a very large animal, probably the size of a whale, with a prehistoric type head, a long tail." "And on occasions, people have actually seen the front and back appendage of the creature." "I could to put a name on it." "It's difficult, because plesiosaur has come to mind, zooblidon has come to mind, tylosaurus, which is your swimming dinosaur." "But again, we're probably looking at an animal or species that has adapted itself to the environment of our lake system over the years and there's definitely more than one animal out there, because it's been shown on video and proven to be so." "Doctor Barry Beyerstein of Vancouver's Simon Fraser University has studied the Ogopogo phenomenon and has raised many questions as to its existence." "Modern ecology, of course, has said it is a whole system of animals and plant life and the geology and climatic conditions and everything." "You have to ask questions about, you know, how probable is it that it even exists, given that a creature that size would have to eat a lot." "And so what does it eat?" "Where's the niche in the food chain?" "Where's something missing that it's eating?" "The viable population of large animals anywhere between 12 and 70 feet long and weighing several tons, they're probably at the top of the food chain." "There's a huge supply of coarse fish in that lake." "There's also an abundance of plankton, for instance, krill." "I've seen half-digested krill on the surface of the lake, indicating that something very large must have regurgitated it." "It literally covered an area of over 1 50 square feet." "A creature this big would consume massive amounts of food." "So how many creatures would be necessary to maintain a survivable community?" "You really have to have a group of at least 50 adults, in order to maintain a viable breeding population." "Could there be as many as 50 prehistoric animals plying the waters of Lake Okanagan?" "Many people, including Kelowna resident Heather Zais, swears there is at least one creature lurking out there." "A friend and I decided to go out and find a private spot to go swimming, and my friend dove overboard." "And I'm watching for him to come up and then pretty soon, something's coming up, but it's not him." "This creature, which looks kind of like a snake, came up very close," "I'd say ten feet of the boat." "It was moving like a snake, just under the water." "But it was about that big around, and I would figure at least 20 feet or more long." "I couldn't see the tail." "It kept its head just underwater, but I could see its eyes." "And it was looking at me out of its left eye, you know, watching me." "And I could actually see the skin." "Like, it looked like a snake skin." "At this end is what appears to be the head." "There's a long neck-like structure and then a shoulder structure, in that region there." "Behind it, you'll see, momentarily, a series of humps rise from the surface of the water." "This is not a shadow, it's three-dimensional." "As you can see, the humps are slowly rising." "There seems to be what looks like a tail structure towards the back end there." "This footage has been analyzed by optical experts and scientists, who have come to no positive conclusions as to its contents." "But John Kirk believes what he's seen with his own eyes." "My personal sighting record currently stands at 1 1." "There are people who've had, there was one gentleman who had something in the region of a dozen to 1 5 in the space of an hour on one occasion." "For reasons unknown, this water skier, who was closest to Ogopogo, never reported anything to the police." "In the meantime, local boaters maintain a more practical point of view- one based on years of knowing Lake Okanagan." "The most common thing that people see is what they think is something going through the water." "And yet, for no reason at all you won't see a boat anywhere around, but you might see a wave that's 30 or 40 yards long and about two feet high, high enough that it's got a shadow and a curl." "So it looks like black things moving through the water." "And lots of times, you'll see these waves that go through the lake and we're all sitting there saying, "Hey, it's the Ogopogo," you know, and we get the binoculars out and everything else." "I'd love to see it." "I think it's worth a million bucks, isn't..." "Hey." "... or something, yeah." "Some real good pictures, that's all I want." "If you catch it, you get a million bucks." "One good picture." "Ogopogo- legend or elusive lake creature?" "Researchers, scientists, and local residents are still trying to solve the mystery." "Coming up, an amateur physicist levitates objects, on "Strange Science."" "Electricity-Ben Franklin discovered it, Thomas Edison popularized it, and Nikola Tesla brought it to every corner of the globe." "Meet John Hutchison, an amateur physicist from Vancouver," "British Columbia, whose fascination with Tesla's work has led him to an amazing, highly controversial discovery." "Hutchison's experiments in the early 1980's have baffled and intrigued scientists and are still a topic of debate." "Using an odd array of highly-sensitive electrical equipment," "John Hutchison's experiments appear to cause objects to levitate." "This controversial footage of Hutchison's actual experiments show a seemingly gravity-defying phenomena that has been called "the Hutchison effect."" "Hutchison effect, basically, is overcoming the problems of gravity." "Its applications would be for space propulsion and be a whole, basically a whole new energy source." "A new energy source discovered by an untrained scientist" "Or a special effects hoax?" "Who is John Hutchison-a quack or a yet-to-be-discovered Tesla?" "That's what the scientific community wanted to know." "Tom McDonough, an MIT-trained astrophysicist, puts the Hutchison effect into perspective." "We know a lot about electricity." "Since the 19th Century, we've known the basic laws of electricity and magnetism and how they're tied together." "And no one has ever found a way of connecting these laws of electricity and magnetism to the law of gravity." "Now, if Mr. Hutchison's effect were proven correct, then he would certainly win a Nobel Prize like that." "And it would revolutionize physics." "It would mean that we would have space travel that would be inexpensive and easy to do, using some kind of an anti-gravity technique." "Combing retired Navy ships for parts, Hutchison cobbled together a wide range of sophisticated equipment that he dismantled, purchased, and took back to his lab." "From his cramped apartment," "John Hutchison continued his experiments." "But what could he achieve with all of this antiquated equipment?" "Working with only an innate feel for electricity," "Hutchison patched together an odd sequence of high voltage components, including a Van de Graph generator and spark gap generator." "The other piece of apparatus used was the Tesla coil, which is a clever method of generating a high voltage, similar to a Van de Graph generator." "But it's really a powerful alternating current transformer." "So what these pieces of apparatus all have in common is that they all generate high voltages." "By linking these high voltage devices," "Hutchison had apparently created an electromagnetic field, where objects appear to levitate." "It is possible to levitate things with this apparatus, meaning that you can charge up objects, some of these smaller objects there." "For example, pieces of plastic could be charged up with a great deal of electricity from this kind of apparatus, and it could be made to levitate in the electrical field, because, as you know, a positive charge repels a positive charge." "So if you have an object which is charged positively and it's above a plate that's charged positively, then it can actually be repelled." "I hit upon this energy effect about 1979, although I didn't think anything of it, as it kind of leaked out into the Canadian scientific community." "Although Hutchison is unable to explain the process, his film shows its alleged effects- the supposed ability to levitate objects and change the shape and molecular structure of metals." "It spiraled off pretty quickly from there." "I was then surrounded by US Army intelligence and Naval research intelligence and Los Alamos National Laboratories." "It wasn't long before word of the mysterious Hutchison effect reached the highest levels of military intelligence." "If the Hutchison effect was legitimate, the military wanted to get their hands on it." "Colonel John Alexander, an expert in weaponry and alternative energy, was then stationed at the top secret Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico." "Today, he is a consultant to the Secretary of Defense." "In the early 1980's , I was in the US Army, assigned to intelligence and security command." "Some mutual friends came up with a tape which was of an eight-millimeter film that showed some pretty remarkable events that we could not understand." "When we first viewed the tape, it had a number of different kinds of interactions, and that's really what made it attractive." "We saw things that were, you know, hovering in the air." "We had things that were accelerating." "The first step at Los Alamos was to determine that the effects pictured were not an elaborate hoax." "After careful scrutiny, Alexander concluded that the events in the film were not fabricated, and that the Hutchison effect was worthy of further investigation." "There was just enough on tape to make it tantalizing enough to follow through on." "So it was decided that we would fund the project far enough to see, basically, a show-and-tell, a proof of principle." "In 1983, Colonel Alexander and his team of scientists went to Vancouver, hoping this backyard scientist had actually discovered a new energy source." "As seen on film, it appeared that the metal samples were levitating and reconfiguring, even though Hutchison still could not explain why." "This bar here, of course, aluminum, was ripped apart, turned into almost a jelly configuration." "In observing the film initially, it was just like metal or something we could say "Oh, he's got a magnetic field that's causing that to happen."" "There were paper items, there were heavy items that were floating around." "The heaviest that I recall was, I think, 56 pounds." "You had a bar of metal." "One end was, in fact, hardened steel, as you would expect." "The other end was very soft, almost as soft as lead." "How it got that way from a single tooled piece, not easy to explain." "There were no simple answers to the effects that Hutchison was producing." "John Hutchison had attracted some of the most respected scientists in the United States Military to his makeshift lab." "Now, all he had to do was show them how the Hutchison effect worked." "Well, our hope was that he had, in fact, stumbled into something and that, even if he could not describe it, we could observe enough under conditions, controlled conditions, and it could be replicated sufficiently that we could then turn it over" "to scientists who could figure out what was going on." "Alexander's team sealed the laboratory area and checked the calibrations of all the equipment." "In this way, they could conduct a controlled experiment, where all the results could be closely monitored." "Alexander worked with Hutchison for months, but never witnessed the effects firsthand." "Hutchison could not replicate the phenomena." "They said they would do something, they would be able to do a demonstration under controlled conditions at a certain time and a place." "We assembled a team of scientists, we observed." "It didn't happen." "It happens every now and then in science, though, that someone does come up with some new discovery, and so I try to keep my eyes open and my mind open, just in case they are the one in a million" "who makes this breakthrough discovery." "Even though the experiments in the 80's were a failure, as well as subsequent attempts, to this day," "Colonel Alexander does not think the Hutchison effect is a fraud." "I mean, I suspect that he stumbled into something." "The problem is we don't know what he stumbled into." "Without a blueprint to explain the process," "Colonel Alexander and his scientists reluctantly concluded their tests in 1984." "I think it's commendable." "I think that it is wonderful that these fellows heard of a phenomenon which, if it were true, would be a breakthrough in our understanding of physics." "And I'm sure that most of them thought that it was unlikely that there would such a spectacular breakthrough as apparently shown here." "But they are to be commended for actually investigating it." "This is good science, to go out and see if the phenomenon claimed actually happens." "It's just the way of nature and some day, it's going to be a very common thing, as radio is today and TV is today." "It's just going to be a common occurrence in ten, 20, or 30 years from now." "Although unable to prove his findings and thought to be a quack by most of the scientific community," "John Hutchison continues his odd experiments, in the hope that maybe one day, he can prove to the scientific world that the Hutchison effect is indeed a building block for the future." "Next, researchers seek clues to predicting criminal behavior, on "Strange Science."" "Crime-it shatters families, destroys property, snuffs out precious lives, and costs billions every year." "What if there was a way to prevent crime before it happens?" "Not with sophisticated alarms or anonymous informant program, but by detecting the signs of future criminal behavior in children." "What is the mysterious link between behavior and biology?" "Are some of us destined to become criminals?" "Cutting-edge genetics, psychology, and behavior research is pushing the envelope into uncharted and often controversial new areas." "There have been many attempts to read a person's character through physiological traits." "In the early 1 800's, Austrian physician Franz Joseph Gall popularized phrenology." "In this controversial system, Gall believed external sections of the skull reflected internal brain functions, which were, in turn, tied directly to personality." "By reading the bumps and depressions on a person's skull," "Gall claimed to be able to determine that person's character, and event their tendency toward criminal behavior." "Even though phrenology was dismissed as pseudo-science by the early 1900's," "Gall's belief that various mental functions are located in specific parts of the brain was later proven to be correct." "With the advent of genetics in the 20th Century, scientists began seeking hereditary links between children and antisocial behavior." "Doctor Laura Baker is a behavioral psychologist at the University of Southern California." "One of the most convincing pieces of evidence for genetic influence in criminal or law-breaking behavior comes from a study of 1 4,000 adoptees in Denmark." "These are adoptions that took place in the earlier part of the century." "The court records of these adoptees were examined while they were adults, along with the court records of both their adoptive and biological parents." "And for the adopted sons, in particular, the risk of becoming convicted of a petty crime was increased by one and a half times if the biological father himself had been convicted of a crime, which suggests the importance of" "genetic factors in law-breaking behavior." "The data also pointed to another interesting conclusion." "Genes weren't the only indicator of criminal tendencies." "Environment was also a factor." "The greatest risk of all, to the sons, was presented when both the biological and the adoptive father had been convicted of a petty crime." "So this study suggests very much that genes and environment might interact in a kind of synergistic fashion." "Separating a person's hereditary character traits from those that are determined by their environment has led Doctor Baker and her colleagues to study the criminal behavior patterns of identical and fraternal twins." "Identical twins come from a single fertilized egg, and share the same gene coding." "Fraternal twins, although born at the same time, come from separately fertilized eggs, and are no more closely related genetically than siblings of different ages." "Each set of twins in the study was raised in the same household." "If identical twins are more similar in the way they behave, compared to fraternal twins, this would suggest the importance of genetic factors." "Twin police detectives David and Dennis Herreta discuss how genetics may have influenced their career choices." "When you talk about career choice and how genetics may have affected that," "I don't know what Dennis wanted to do, but when I became a police officer," "I was torn between that and becoming a preacher." "I wanted to go to seminary school." "That was one of the things I was considering doing." "So did I. I didn't know you..." "And..." "You had that..." "Yeah, I didn't discuss it with you, but that was what I thought of doing." "In the case of criminal behavior," "Doctor Baker's study has suggested that twins often act alike." "The widely-publicized case of Jeen and Sunny Han provides a telling illustration." "In November, 1997, a San Diego court convicted Jeen Han of conspiracy to commit murder." "Her intended victim, her identical twin, Sunny Han." "Everyone immediately thought that this was an example of good twin-evil twin." "But as the details unraveled, they actually appeared to be much more similar than anyone believed at first." "They both have their own history of antisocial behavior and they were, in fact, very similar to one another." "Twin police detectives David and Dennis Herrera have also had run-ins with twin criminals." "I have dealt with individuals who were twins, and I can say in every case that I can remember, their sibling was also a crook, a criminal." "Despite the Herrera's observations and Doctor Baker's research, there is still debate and much to be learned about the role of genetics in a person's criminal potential." "It seems that genetic factors play the largest role in crimes that are of a nonviolent nature- property crimes, such as thievery, stealing a car." "Violent crimes, on the other hand, or violent offending, shows a much lower genetic influence." "In fact, it's been difficult to find a genetic influence in violent behavior, and it's not clear why this is the case." "Some critics say efforts should be focused on alleviating social causes of crime, like poverty and unemployment." "The stakes are high." "The US Department of Justice estimates that the nation saves at least one billion dollars for every percentage point dropped in the crime rate." "If inherited traits can't completely explain why some people become criminals, there must be other factors." "Environment was the basis of a second landmark Danish study of 4,000 boys, born in a Copenhagen hospital between 1959 and 1961." "Four percent of these boys had been a product of difficult pregnancies and were then shunned by their mothers." "30 years later, researchers at the University of Southern California searched Danish police records and discovered an amazing correlation between the four percent group and crime." "That four percent was responsible for 25 percent of the crimes committed by the entire study group as adults." "Were there other even simpler warning signs of future criminal behavior, just waiting to be discovered?" "One of the most unlikely predictors was uncovered by Doctor Adrian Raine, a British psychologist." "In a study of 1,800 children from the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius," "Raine discovered that children who had a lower heart rate at age three were more than twice as likely to show aggressive tendencies by age 1 1 than those children with normal heart rates." "Why would kids with lower heart rates be more likely to turn out aggressive?" "Raine speculates that a lower heart rate could reflect fearlessness and a desire to seek out excitement for stimulation." "Doctor Baker's research seems to agree." "Both skin conductance and heart rate are measures of arousal." "One theory suggests that people who are under-aroused, that is, individuals that show low levels of skin conductance and lower than expected heart rates, these under-aroused individuals may engage in antisocial behavior simply because they're trying to stimulate themselves." "But seeking stimulation and excitement can mean many things- from sports to rock climbing to video games." "Why some people seek stimulation through antisocial behavior is still not understood." "Are there natural born killers, determined by heredity, or is criminality a learned behavior?" "If we want to try to reduce violence in our society, it behooves us to understand the exact causes of violence, whether they be genetic or environmental or a combination of the two." "Although heated debate continues to swirl around those seeking to identify potential criminals, all agree that reducing crime and violence are crucial issues that deserve further scientific research." "Coming up, she's no doctor, but she swears she can diagnose your body's ailments over the phone, on "Strange Science."" "What profession is more compassionate than healing?" "Today, modern physicians rely on a growing arsenal of anonymous technicians and sophisticated machinery to assist their patients." "However, some unique individuals bypass technology entirely, by making diagnoses with the most mysterious tool of all-the human mind." "Distant relatives of ancient healers and tribal shamen, they call themselves "medical intuitives."" "Perhaps the most famous medical intuitive was Edgar Cayce." "A Kentucky farm boy with only an eighth grade education." "Cayce found that while in a trance state, he could provide a detailed analysis of a person's medical condition, whether they were across the room or across the nation." "By the time of his death in 1945, Edgar Cayce had given over 1 1,000 documented psychic diagnoses." "No one knows how many of these people were actually cured, but Cayce's huge legacy is still being studied today." "There's an energetic field around life, including our own." "Carolyn Myss is a leading medical intuitive, who has formulated her own theories about health." "That energetic field is not simply the consequence of oxygen." "It has data in it." "It contains your biography." "And that information converts into helping a physician understand what's wrong with your body." "I can interpret that." "I'm a decoder, if you will." "We don't bump into disease on the street." "There is a line or a chain of events and occurrences that cause someone to become ill." "Like Edgar Cayce and Carolyn Myss, Rhonda Lenair is not a doctor." "She has never been to medical school." "Yet her uncanny accuracy in diagnosing and even healing thousands of people has put her in demand with both physicians and their ailing patients." "My position isn't to allow someone to know that something catastrophic is around the corner." "It's to be able to convey to them what they can change in their life so the event doesn't happen." "Now also, the bottom right, one molar back and in between that and the next molar, where you'd floss, be careful in that area." "The gum shows some sensitivity." "Phillip Stone, a surgeon who came to Rhonda with a smoking problem, got much more than help for a bad habit." "The very first thing she mentioned was that I liked tennis and that I had an injury related to tennis." "And this is a fact." "I mean, I had slipped a disk in 1978, and I had trouble with my back, on and off, from that." "I also had a problem with a cracked wisdom tooth, which required bone grafting and root canal work, and she pinpointed that." "There's no way that Rhonda Lenair had any time to research any of my medical past." "We were introduced to each other over the telephone 1 5 minutes prior to our meeting, and she was kind enough to see me on her lunch hour, as a favor to a physician friend." "I was a very sensitive child and understood things," "I guess, from a different perspective." "As I grew older, I became very involved in the arts, the ballet." "A ballerina must be very dedicated." "With what I do today, it's a dedication." "It's not my occupation, it's my life." "Client Margaret Day believes that Rhonda somehow saw a specific physical problem before it actually occurred." "She started with my head and told me all about my insides, from my head down to my toes." "For example, she told me my right ankle was weak." "And actually, two days ago, I stepped off a step onto the side of a stone and tried to balance myself and that ankle went out from under me." "And so, just two days ago," "I found out that she was absolutely right." "And how did this amiable ex-ballerina with no medical background learn to see all of these hidden ailments?" "At 1 6 years old, I was hospitalized with a suspicious mass which was never diagnosed." "I made the acquaintance of a doctor, upon leaving the hospital, who recognized I had a strong magnetic field." "And I became a protage, in a very short period of time, learning about the electromagnetic field and how it could be used to subdue chronic pain and also help addictions." "To the uninitiated or to the layperson, thinking about an electrical field around your body may seem like a lot of hocus pocus, as it were." "But our heart gives off electrical energies, from which we measure electrocardiograms." "Our brain gives off electrical energies, from which we measure electro-encephalograms." "The part that's difficult to believe is that another human can tap into this electrical field, if you will, and not only understand it, but apparently modify it." "But if Rhonda has an unusually strong electromagnetic field, it was not detected by this magnetometer." "Rhonda agreed to perform a long distance test reading on a difficult subject." "We chose Michael Shermer, publisher of Skeptic magazine, evaluator of numerous paranormal claims." "Rhonda?" "Hi, this is Michael." "Hello." "Michael." "We provided Rhonda only with Michael's first name and birth date." "The first thing is the second vertebra is off." "Tightness of the neck." "C-2 is the vertebrae." "My neck is fine." "C-2 is fine." "One hip is a little bit off, left-sided." "Actually, my left hip is fine." "My right hip is a little sore." "The left shoulder shows a different current than the right." "Is there anything on the right shoulder?" "The bone is a little bit off on the right shoulder, but where everything lands in terms of shoulder-to-shoulder, you want to watch, it's landed in your left shoulder, not on your right shoulder." "Actually, my left shoulder's fine, but my right shoulder's slightly separated from a mountain bike crash." "Left sinus also shows to be off." "You should avoid corn." "Rhonda's diagnosis lasted over 30 minutes." "But did she impress our skeptic?" "It was, for the most part, completely worthless." "Despite such skepticism, people continue seeking Rhonda's help." "But in Pat Boyd's case, that help went far beyond medical diagnosis." "My pattern of drinking was Thursday, Friday, Saturday night." "Then Sunday, I'd recuperate and then I'd start again Tuesday." "I was on this kind of cycle thing, and no matter how hard I tried to stop," "I couldn't do it." "And I had one session with Rhonda and right after that session," "I had absolutely no urge to drink whatsoever." "A 20-year binge drinker cured in a single treatment?" "How was it possible?" "Rhonda says that her hands, placed on a person's forehead, act like jumper cables, realigning internal bio-electrical currents." "Although Doctor Stone has found no way to test this claim, he remains open-minded." "I have no idea whether that's a fact or fiction." "More important than knowing exactly how it is she does what she does, can that be translated to helping an individual patient?" "Whether seen as godsends or quacks, medical intuitives like Rhonda Lenair continue to infuriate skeptics and confound doctors." "I couldn't imagine anybody paying money for this, or even bothering to do it for free." "It's a complete waste of time." "I do not believe that she is a hoax or a fraud." "And I believe that she has some ability to communicate effectively to patients in a level that most of us cannot." "Miraculous technologies." "Unorthodox methodologies." "As patients continue experiencing symptoms whose causes cannot be explained, many will seek answers from one source medical science cannot provide- the psychic diagnoses of the medical intuitive."