"I can see that you changed Penelope, you have become more handsome." " What excites that beauty?" " You are lying." "He only exults your beauty queen." "He was just being honest, as always.." "..as the rest of us when we admire." " My beauty doesn't exist anymore.." "..since my husband disappeared." "Why then, are we here?" "Not for me." "[Narrator:" "Even more handsome, the goddess makes her,..]" "Silence, comrades!" "[..toller,..]" "Penelope wishes to say us something." "[..whiter than ivory.]" "It was always custom, that when the nobleman wanted to marry,.." "..that he bring with him wedding gifts, and not to plunder the woman." "Is this some childish trick?" "Another way to buy some time?" "No, we don't believe you:" "You'll comply soon." "If you want wedding gifts, you'll get them this evening,.." "..but don't even think we shall abandon this house before you have made your choice." "[Narrator:" "Even more handsome and more attractive, the goddess made her..]" "Friends, tomorrow we'll know who'll be king of Ithaca." "[..more whiter than ivory,..]" "Let us continue enjoying the queen's hospitality." "[..but she didn't let her see her husband.]" "[He just crossed the doorstep and watched everything.]" "[His should be tormented between joy and pain.]" "I'll stand here." "It's better they don't see us together." "The princes know my loyalty, so they enjoy humiliating me." "And they'll humiliate you even more because of me." "*dogs sad moan*" "Argos!" "[Narrator:" "The name of that dog is Argos *prompt,speedy* Odysseus himself..]" "[..raised him and go on hunting.]" "You recognize me...after so many years." "[Narrator:" "Odysseus erased his tears secretly, and Argos..]" "[..died after seeing his master after twenty years.]" "What do you want here beggar?" "Who are you?" "Do you wish for food without work?" "[Narrator:" "Then Odysseus entered as a beggar..]" "[..old and miserable..] *Chorus:*..based on crutch.." "..with a wretched body dressed in rags." "Euriclea!" "Give him this bread.." "..and tell him not to be shy, but to ask." " Telemachus gives you this." " Let Zeus protect you...." "[Narrator:" "The pretenders murmur in the court room..]" "[..and Athena comes to encourage Odysseus and pushed him..]" "*Chorus*: to pickup the remains of the pretenders.." "..to see who among them is just and who is not." "[Narrator:" "But they want to escape punishment anyway]" " Gimme little Sir." " Who's this?" " Please, give me mercy." " Who are you beggar?" "[Narrator:" "They were all young to Odysseus.]" "[He watched them drinking oblivious of their sin..]" "[..and asked himself who'll avoid his wrath.]" " A little bit for the old man." " Go away!" "Telemachus are we deficient with beggars?" "And are all of them strangers?" "And you even complain that we eat everything from you!" "I'm grateful to you Eurimachus to worry for me,.." "..but don't, because I allow him to beg." "Go!" "Mercy I ask." "Thank you, let Zeus reward you." "You give me also, friend, you who have posture of a great gentleman..." "Who is more rich, let him give more." "That's the rule in my land of Crete.." "..island of Minos, you've heared?" "I was also powerful once.." "..and give." "I've had servats, estates, herds, houses, but Zeus.." "..crumbled me to this state." "Misfortune suddenly came:" "..I've have nine pretty ships, and went to Egypt for grain,.." "..but my friends started to devastate the fields, ruin everything.." "..raping women, killing men, and I paid for all." "*Homer's alusion on pirate attacks of "sea people"*" "He paid for all..." "and we'll pay for him!" " You are Antinoüs?" "One of the princes.." "..who never gives nothing to anyone, not even a grain of salt,.." "..nor a piece of bread which isn't yours anyway." "[Narrator:" "In Telemachus heart the sorrow arose..]" "[..because of the humiliation of his father, but still he didn't shed a tear.]" "[He watched in silence, in his heart devising a plot.]" "It's one thing to be wounded in battle, a different thing to be beaten.." "..because you are hungry." "If there is a god for poor men, you'll pay." "Shut up and get out, or I'll throw you away." "Stranger come." "Last night I dreamed a strange dream:" "Twenty geese ate some grain.." "..in this house." "Not too long from the great mountain eagle descending...." "That's a beggar, he came from afar." "..and break necks to those geese." "What's the meaning of that?" "Why didn't you listen stranger who has come?" "Here is Ir, we'll have some fun." "Two dogs around same bone!" "[Narrator:" "He was known beggar,..]" "[..always ready to drink and eat." "Arnos is his name.]" "*Chorus*:" "That's name given to him at birth, but all called him.." "..Ir.. [because he brings news. *Ir=messanger*]" "Who is this?" "He took my place!" "Get lost now, if you don't want me to grasp you with my hands, you miserable!" "Irus!" "Bravely!" "Shake him out of his skin." "Go on!" "Hear them?" "Run till you can." "Don't make me break your bones." "What I have done wrong to you, friend?" "You are like me, so do what I do." "Take what they give you,.." "..there is a room for everyone." " What are you saying you idiot?" "There is place only for me." "Now you'll spit your teeths." "Don't challenge me." "Wait gentlemen, now there'll be a show." "C'mon, amuse us punks." "Here is your reward:" "..he who wins take this, he that looses, gets out." "I'll fight because I'm hungry, but promise you'll want to beat me later?" "Enough talking." "Get out and fight!" "Start fighting fools!" "[Narrator:" "Then Odysseus, covered intimate places..]" "[..but reveal his mighty arms, hights and muscles..]" "*Chorus*: show himself with his broad shoulders.." "..and Athena strenghten his arms.." "..which used to tame the strong." "[Odysseus struck below the ear..]" "*Chorus*:" "Odysseus struck below the ear.." "[..and broke his bone inside.]" "*Chorus*:..and broke his bone inside." "[From the mouth the crimson blood emerged..]" "*Chorus*:" "From the mouth the crimson blood emerged.." "[Narratorand Chorus:" "..and with a scream he fell to dust..]" "[..gnawing teeth, he struck the ground.]" "[Narrator:" "Odysseus then said with pity to Irus:..]" "[..sit there and forsake the dogs and the pigs from the doorstep..]" "[..instead to believe that you are a king of beggars:..]" "[..the miserable always remain miserable.]" "This is yours." "And now friends, let everyone go to his home." "The queen asks for wedding gifts." "This night let everyone send his own gifts, so not to loose time.." "..Because she looks impatient to make her choice." " You fought well old man." " Thank you." "You are Amfinomus,.." "..son of Nisus, right?" "I met your father in battle." "Listen me for a moment:" "There is nothing more misfortuned than a man:" "..till it's good, he believes that it all the time will be like that.." "..but he doesn't understand that today or tomorrow, everything can change. *Od.18.130*" "..Your friends behave as if punishment will never come." "Well, you don't say?" "The beggar who becomes a prophet!" "Go further away from this home and don't come back!" "Stranger, my mistress send me." "She want to speak with you." " Now?" "Yes now, its a queen who is interested in you." "No, not now, after dusk." "Aninous.." "Leucritus.." "Eurimachus!" "*sounds of haste* ..quickly..finish it.." "Even at night you are here to bother." "Now you'll see!" " Sit, I want to speak with you." " To sit?" "No, queen,.." "..I'm only a poor beggar." "Guests and the poor are the same to me,.." "..please." "Let me on place for beggars." "Who are you?" "How did you get here?" "Why are you so restrained?" "Why so shy?" "Why?" "Everyone can see that you have suffered." "Exactly because of that, you'll be respected in this house." "I know about pain." "[Narrator:" "Thus she said, and he wished to cry.]" "[Like the wish of a shipwreck sailor, whom Poseidon..]" "[..smashed the ship at sea, overcome by winds..]" "[..and big waves, from which so few sailors escape from in the white sea..]" "[..swimming to a shore, with the skin scorched by salt..]" "[..and with the urge for solid ground, for salvation from death,..]" "[..so he wished for his wife looks.]" " So speak." "I ask you who are you." "If I tell you my story, you'll think I'm liar..." "And it's not I that interests you, but your husband." "And I saw him..." "You saw Odysseus." "He went to Troy for so many years ago." "Give me some proof that you saw him." "What do you remember?" "Twenty years have past." "Many summers." "But I remember,.." "..he had a red cloak, with a golden button,.." "..on which is depicted a dog grasping deer." "And the deer tries to escape." "Such cloak he had." "Stranger, how do you know all that?" "Who are you?" "Well, I..." "I am..." "I am Eton." "The city in which I grew up was Knossos *capital of Crete*." "But you are..." "Odysseus." "My father is Deucalion, offspring of Minos, son of the great Zeus." "My brother is Idomeneus." "He went to Troy.." "..and he is one of few to return." "If it's you Odysseus, why you don't tell me?" "Your glory queen claimed that you are a great woman." "Odysseus!" "You'll sleep here tonight." "I'll order to prepare you a bed." "Euriclea, take care for the guest." "He isn't a beggar,.." "..but Eton from Crete." "He use to be a king." "He is the same age like your master." "We mortals quickly grow old." "You know whom you look like?" "The master." "You have the same posture, the same voice." "I know, I think the same." "Master, honored by your old nurse, who knows where you are?" "You live in some house like this, and are begging for a crust of bread." "Humiliated, forsaken, you serve the strong.." "..who oppress you." "[Narrator:" "She washed the legs of her master..]" "[..and looked for scars which bore inflicts..]" "[..with his tusk, when he hunted the young.]" "Odysseus!" "Odysseus, my child!" "I didn't recognize you..." "You were all time in front of me " "Be silent, don't betray me, or I can't defend you!" "You seem so prudent and clever, stranger." "Give me some advice." "Speak." "You know that my house is invaded for years by the pretenders." "And my son grows impatient to get rid of me." "What should I do?" "Wait." "Odysseus shall return and execute justice." "No." "I wish tomorrow to propose a competition to the pretenders:" "..the first who succeeds to string a bow which Odysseus left me.." "..and loose the arrow thru 12 hollows of axes,.." "..will become my husband." "[Narrator:" "And thus father and son concealed the beautiful weapons..]" "[..and when a miraculous light showed them the way..]" "[..before Telemachus could talk, Odysseus said:]" "[.."Say nothing." "That's all usual for the gods of heaven."]" "[The night passes very slowly..]" "[..and Penelope with sorrow looked at her wedding bed.]" "Artemis, daugther of Zeus, *goddess of hunt* shoot me with your arrow.." "..or let the storm carry me like a mist." "Let me die." "[Narrator:" "Thus she spoke inside and Odysseus heared her.]" "[He began to doubt." "He thought in his head..]" "[..that, since he saw Penelope, now he will sleep beside her.]" "You awoke from a dream, You the most misfortuned amongst man.." "..because you are here in your home, and with your wife in your house,.." "..and still you are a stranger." "[Narrator:" "Suddenly the dawn came on her golden throne.]" "*Dawn gk.Eos was considdered a messenger of god Helios=Sun*" "To fulfill what the goddess expects from me,.." "..who returned me to my home, please Zeus.." "..that you inspire someone in the house, and give a clear omen." "*thunder*" "At the mill, only one woman left, the others were gone." "This one was the oldest and just finished her job." "Now she'll speak, listen!" "You thundered, and there was no cloud,.." "..meaning you want to give someone an omen." "And I'll listen, even if I'm only a servant:" "..The pretenders eat for the last time in Odysseus' house.." "..this flower which broke my back." "Quick, quick." "You with sponges, clear the tables." "The princes are almost here." "Faster, e'll eat more abundant like being on a holiday." "Euriclea, how do you serve our guest?" " Not good.." "..but it's not my fault, he didn't want the bed.." "..but he fell asleep on rags and covered with ox hide." "[Narrator:" "From the fields came Eumeus." "He also, like Euriclea..]" "[..and Telemachus, couldn't call Odysseus by name.]" " Who is the shepherd?" " Filoteus, son of Dolius." " You bought him as a kid?" " The Kid did grow up!" "[Narrator:" "He again started to think that,..]" "[..he is alone.] *Chorus*:" "He again started to think.." "..that he is alone." "*Chorus*:" "Why with weapons thrown on the pretenders.." "[Narrator and Chorus: ..with only one young man and a swineherd,..]" "[..endeavor is too dangerous." "But he felt Athena's presence and her rebuke:]" "You fool,.." "..someone else would be content with the help of even weaker frends than these.." "..and they are even oblivious of the future." "And you don't trust me even if I'm a goddess.." "..who helped you always, even in all dangers." " Nice animal." "Greetings to you old man." "Filoteus, the stranger isn't a beggar,.." "..but was a glorious warrior before." "the same can be said of our master:" "..maybe he also travels in rags around world.." "..if he isn't already dead." " Maybe you know him?" "Yes, but I don't remember." "..Of course, he was only a child when he was appointed to guard the best flocks.." "..and Odysseus didn't find any better." "No one could.." "..watch for cattle like him." "Like it's his own." "Good, I see you are a loyal servant." "Thus I shall reveal you a secret:" "..your master Odysseus is returning." " Returning?" "When?" " Don't yell." "Just tell me only one thing." "If he returned, what would you do?" " What would I do?" " Yes." " I believe these muscles woul be of good use to him." "[Narrator:" "The pretenders arrived,..]" "[..just like every morning to Odysseus house..]" "[..where the big sheep was prepared for them,..]" "[..fat goats, porks and calfs from the herd.]" "[The inwards were prepared first.]" "[Than the meat was fried and parted, than the bread partaken..]" "[..and the cups of wine, all the food settled and served..]" "[..and the meal began.]" "[An abundant and sweet meal, and even many animals were slaugtered,..]" "[..no meal shall be more bitter than this..]" "[..when for him the goddess and hero soon arrived.]" "[Narrator and Chor:" "Stand up now, and boast with the wine Telemachus gave you,..]" "[..because Athena wants to upset the pretenders..]" "[..that they insult you more, and that your rage and hatred..]" "[..stronger then ever, fill your breasts.]" "[In fact, one of them is already put in a game, proud lord..]" "[..named Ctesipus of Samos.]" "As you can see, the beggar has his part just as us." "How nicely that fits with the guests of Telemachus!" "And I want to give him something nice, a gift of hospitality.." "..to feed him for today and tomorrow." "[Thus he said and threw a beef thigh.]" "[Odysseus duck to avoid being hit but in his heart he bitterly smiled.]" "[All at once became quiet.]" "[Nothing of those which breath or walks on the ground..]" "[..is more unhappier than man.]" "[This was uncontrollable laughter..]" "[..because Athena messed with their minds.]" "[They laughed eating simultaneously the meat and the blood.]" "[They laughed with their eyes full of tears.]" "[The whole court ominously echoed from their laughter.]" "[Even the prophet Teoclimenus heared.]" "[He came to hear and to declare the divine omen.]" "Wretched fools!" "You should weep!" "Don't you see the utter destruction howling above your heads?" "Your eyes are covered with darkness!" "I see the walls sprinkled with blood!" "I see the court room full of shadows!" "Shadows which go into the kingdom of darkness, forewer." "The sun is obliterated." "The dark night of death covers all. *Od.20.256*" "*Laughter*" " Yet another lunatic!" "*Teoclimen's prophecy is considered from antiquity as a description of a total Solar eclipse." "It happened on 16 Apr. 1178 BC*" "We grow tired of these people." "They annoy us." "Just look what guests Telemachus has:" "lunatics and beggars!" "Listen Telemachus,I'll give you an advice:" "..why don't we board them on a ship and sell them to the Sicilians?" "I'm assured someone will buy them cheaply!" "I don't need your advice Eurimachus." "The only person here.." "..who can give me that is my mother." "I won't tolearate your insults anymore." "You wished to kill me, but luckily that didn't happen." "Till then, don't insult my guests at the table!" "I'm no longer a child, remember that!" "Telemachus speaks sharply to scare us." "Unfortunately.." "..Zeus didn't wish to help us, or he wouldn't talk anymore." "Nor some speech, nor some strenght, slow down." "We won't tolerate your insult!" "[Narrator:" "You warned them Teoclimenus.]" "[You give them a chance to save themselves." "They didn't comply.]" "[So they near towards the end of this excellent meal..]" "[..abundant from many slaughtered animals.]" "[Yet, there was another meal preparing to begin,..]" "[..which soon goddess and hero..]" "[..with pretty much different schedule alloted to them.]" "[The evening falls.]" "[Athena incited Penelope's heart..]" "[..that moment at which that competition with the bow commences.]" "[That bow was given to Odysseus twenty years ago, from one guest..]" "[..and when he was young he could easily string it.]" "[That Penelope remembers..]" "[..how she now looked tired and old..]" "[..and in the midst of enemies.]" "The queen!" "[She suddenly appeared in the doors..]" "[..which leads to her chamber.]" "[They look at her and the giant bow." "Instantly they thought..]" "[..that she'll finally tell them who is in her heart.]" "The princes!" "I proposed this competition." "Those among you who string the bow.." "..and loose the arrow through 12 axes,.." "..that man I'll marry." "*Competition, s precusor of the Olympic games, was perhaps expected, because it..*" "*..was Apollo's holiday, at the first new Moon after spring equinox.*" "He can lead me from this house.." "..and he'll become king of Ithaca." "Eumeus!" "Swineherd, give me that bow!" "C'mon princes!" "Your reward is in front of you:" "..The best lady in the whole Ahaya." "But you know that already!" "Should I glorify my own mother?" "Zeus inspired me for a moment!" "My mother says she'll go with another and I laughed." "What a full!" "I want to compete with you also." "So if I succeed to string the bow, my mother shouldn't, with all my grief,.." "..leave this house with another one, but she'll stay with me,.." "..as winner of the tournament." "[telemachus grasped the bow from Antinoüs..]" "[..afraid that he doesn't win, afraid of his father's age and afraid of the danger.]" "[And now he alone tested,..]" "[..naively thinking to pierce the arrow.]" "You take it, you who are so strong!" "[Odysseus in the mean time, put axes..]" "[..of whom everyone have hollow near the cutting edge.]" "[He aligns the iron in a straight line.]" "*In the time of Odysseus, iron was rarely used*" "*Originaly it was exploited from meteors, so it was used for ceremonial purposes*"