"Who can do best..." "Lead a double life." ""Let's technology invent pictures"" "Eye of the wizard" "See the spring blooming" "We stayed three here in Dacca stadium" "To do this execution doing" "So I was with Michel Laurent and Horst Faas" "And at that time, they worked for Associated Press work" "It's an American agency like the AFP" "Obviously when we came home, we have been tendered by Pulitzer prize prize (or price)" "Which is a prize awarded in the USA for the best photograph of the year" "In principle, it's an exclusive photograph" "It means that this prize rewards one photograph" "There aren't 2 photographs that exist and that receive this prize" "Well, the agency for which I worked send my photographs to compete" "And I was denied for the prize, because I should have belonged to an American press syndicate" "So Michel Laurent received the prize, because he belonged to Associated Press" "That's all" "But it wasn't very logical, because the Pulitzer has always been a single photo" "Because I refuse every competition or exhibition" "Because if my photographs are published on a paper, it's enough" "My aim is that people watch them, not in an exhibition or a competition" "I don't want my pictures to be displayed on the walls" "I want them to be touched on papers, or kept, or thrown away, no matter" "To be simply conveyed by the press" "So I didn't really agree to participate in this exhibition" "And the agency did it by itself" "Because as soon as I came back from Bangladesh, I moved back away, because I was tired" "So I wasn't awared of everything that happened meanwhile and it didn't interest me" "Here we didn't the control situation, because we couldn't make the subjects pose" "These are technical reflexes that we have especially in this kind of situation" "This stituation in this stadium happened in the open air, in broad daylight" "I had to ensure the photo" "What is tragic is to photograph the same situation with different cameras" "To have the same photo in black and white, and in colour" "It raised technical problems" "We have to supply it for magazines" "Because this black and night is nice for a daily paper which doesn't make colour photo" "But an Italian or a German news magazine often needs to make coloured journals of this event" "So we must be able to supply the colour" "In a precise case that we don't control, like this one" "I can photograph a flower quietly and in colour, and in black and white quietly" "Because the flower won't escape, it is there" "In the war reporting there" "Where you musn't miss the event with your camera" "You have to ensure it, I ensure it in black and white, no matter the colour" "So here in Dacca, it happened very quickly" "It's a Tri-X film, a very fast film fast" "It's in broad daylight, I set the shutter to 1/500" "The film is very sensitive, so it takes as well a wide light than a small light light" "Because during a report, you can suddenly be in broad daylight" "And two minutes after, you follow soldiers in an underground hole where there's no light there's no" "So you need a film that can take these differences of light" "And this Tri-X permits it, because it is fast" "In Dacca, for this execution, the action was very fast" "So we used a fast shutter speed speed" "Some set to 1/1000, to 1/250, I always set to 1/500" "1/500 second is the shutter speed" "On modern cameras, there is a mirror on the shutter" "And when you push on the camera, the mirror rises mirror" "And it lets the light enter on the film, and then it shuts" "So a 1/500 second goes very fast, because there's much light entering, and vice versa for slower speeds entering" "But you can't be very inflexible on the technical quality of reports like this one" "So photographers and I always use a 1/500 speed" "Because we mustn't be surprised by an action that can start very quickly" "If we use a too low speed, subjects will be blurred and the photo will be bad" "So we must be as fast as the soldier who is going to punch a prisoner" "Or as a bomb which is going to explode" "We have to stop this movement stop" "And the 1/500 is the standard speed to stop a brutal movement of men" "And then, with sun, we always you use an aperture of f/11 or f/16 sun" "To have a wide depth of field" "It means that between f/11 and f/16, with a wide-angle lens, the picture is sharp from 31 inches to the infinite" "In our work, we mustn't be surprised" "If I'm surprised and that I don't have time to do the focusing, I know that between f/11 and f/16, the action will be sharp" "If it happens beyond 31 inches" "These are tricks of the war reporting so that we aren't surprised 1/500 speed, f/11 and f/16 are free passes" "These are key elements of the war reporting" "And colour was much more difficult to do, because coloured film is much slower" "So we use lower speeds and it is less spontaneous low" "Coloured photograph is much less spontaneous for war and less sincere than black and white which is fast" "And in Dacca stadium, we were so close to this execution close" "But so close that I worked with an extra-wide angle, a 21mm" "Because we were too close to these action too" "And I had to widen with a wide lens to have full-length portraits of men and soldiers" "That was very annoying, because much you are close to the action, much you hear noises" "Noises and all that" "Much you are close to the madness all that" "If you look this execution in Dacca, reader takes it, I hope he is shocked" "Because those photos must shock" "If he's shocked, it's wonderful, the photo is good" "But then, he turns the page and he sees Brigitte Bardot, it's over" "But when photographer looks at his page of paper or of magazine shop (magasin-magazine)" "He watches it for 2 seconds and he moves to something else" "He thinks that it's a moment, because there is no continuity" "But for the photographer, this photo which has been shot at 1/500s, this action lasted an hour and a half" "So we had to live it for an hour and a half living" "So there's just one shot which is a 1/500s" "But this shot, I have its noises in the head" "I" "I have the people rubbing against me, I have the noise of the bayonets" "I remind of the colour of the sky, I remind of everything" "It was dark blue, because it was the end of the day end" "So it's a photo without the sound, without the film, without the movement" "No, but not having the movement tires me a lot" "Movie and movement have never interested me, I've never wanted to take a movie camera" "To film a war, for example" "But we live this movement, we run with those people" "And we make photos, it stops something, it's a wink" "But we continue to live our story we" "And we look at this photo, it bores me a lot now" "Because when I came home, I was completely devastated" "It wasn't the photo that devastated me, it was the noise" "It was people's reaction, all this madness" "And still now, it keeps me awake, because of the noise because" "And all that tires a lot" "Because here we were really too close to the subject" "And it was the only lens that could photograph characters of this drama" "It was a wide-angle" "It means that we couldn't stand back, we were in the crowd, we were driven back against these bayonets" "When we arrived there, there were many journalists, photographers, TV, all the press" "As we were here since the beginning of the Pakistan war" "And a demonstration has been announced, just two days after the Indians' return in Pakistan after that Pakistaneses had surrendered" "It was the first public demonstration of the people after a month of war" "So it was really important to see the liberation of the people" "People and soldiers informed us that there was going be a huge popular meeting in the Dacca stadium" "There was absolutely no matter of an execution" "And when we arrived there, everything happened normally" "I've just seen these four guys fastened in a corner of the forum kneeling on the floor" "I wondered what they were doing there" "Maybe that they will show them on the platform, saying they are cowards, they betrayed, etc." "And then, I don't know, it completely degenerated in a crazy violence" "And after speeches and prayers, they started to take these four men" "And they beat them black and blue with rifle butts and kicks" "And we felt that it will degenerate" "I thought it would never stop, it would be madness" "And many journalists left" "There's the question: should I stay or should I go?" "And three of us stayed, the others left" "Why?" "because" "Because I'm not here to take a walk, but because I have to testify" "Photo is my work, I must be here, I can't leave" "Profession: reporter" "Receiving money to give news" "Jean Ferrat:" "The poet is always right" "He sees beyond the horizon" "And the future is his kingdom" "Giving news and receiving money" "Before our generation" "I declare along with Aragon" "Woman is the future of man" "Professionals of news" "Radio, press, TV" "Antenna, telex, flash" "Giving news, being paid for that, telling events" "Saying what happens, giving news to everybody" "News of who?" "of what?" "What for?" "against what?" "against who?" "Giscard!" "fascist!" "we don't want you!" "Recording traces" "Trace, the trace of events that we don't touch" "Being paid for that" "Being a professional of radio, of TV" "Being a professional" "Georges Marchais :" "TV contributes to keep citizens out of the social and political life" "What liberties have those who work in the companies?" "If they defend their rights, they are threats" "Breach of union laws, repression, sanctions" "Neither producing nor consuming, just recording" "Just storing noises and light produced by others and consumed by others" "Georges Marchais :" "To preserve its sovereignty, its independance" "But the deterioration of conditions of existence first strikes the working class" "It is the most exploited" "Noises and light produced and consumed by others" "Radio, press, TV" "Running to the four corners of the world" "Sticking close to the events" "Being paid for that, being paid for that" "Being a professional of photo, of radio, of TV" "Being a professional" "yeah, Felix!" "everything is going wrong" "because" "by this by or" "by those who" "Years pass and there are more and more problems, difficulties, sufferings" "those by who pass" "That's why a lot of French people, beyond their differences or political divergences, think that it can't last like that" "No, it can't last" "And everybody has the right to an easier material life" "To a dignified life in accord with possibilities of our time place of passage to socialism" "Would there be too much to ask that the right to participate completely and freely in decisions that concern them?" "Social justice, democracy, would it be too much?" "no one can pass" "It's assuredly too much for feudal lords of finance and industry, because... people / radio press TV" "silence people / noise TV" "people / no one can pass people / no one can pass" "A legend" "A legend" "A photo" "Underneath, its caption (légende)" "The legend/caption of this guy" "How he died" "We tell many many things about that" "I've asked many people" "I've met many liers" "Only one told me the truth" "But he was silent" "He told me about the Che's death with pictures" "Yes, I can see a little" "I can understand a little what it really happened" "Che was a politician" "And as a politician, he thought he had to write" "To make sentences with sense" "To make theory" "His great thoery was that we should create one, two, three Vietnams" "But he didn't see something" "If you create one, two, three Vietnams, you create one, two, three Americas" "Rather than writing, if he had just spoken and above all listened, for example this Vietnamese girl" "He would have seen that Vietnam were first fighting against planes" "And that if you create three Vietnams, there'd be three times more American planes" "Well, being professional is that" "Professional of radio, of TV" "We paid a ticket to Montreal to Thingy, he takes a mike and he shouts "yes!" "yes!"" "In everything he says, he's a professional" "Maybe we'd have something else to say" "And this is the new Olympic champion!" "Maybe we'd have something else to say" "THEY DON'T WANT NOT PROGRESS" "THEY WANT TO BE THE FIRST" "Yes, professionals" "Professionals of photo" "There'd be many things to say, but we'd need time" "When you have time, you don't have space; and when you have space, you don't have time" "Here, the photo of a tourist who pays to have the right to photograph" "Amateurs pay, professionals don't pay" "How many pesos did this one earn?" "If we want to say the truth about Chile, first we can say that" "And this one, home many dollars did she earn?" "And those ones didn't earn anything" "This one, yes, she's a model, a professional" "Not this one" "This one can always run to be paid" "And those ones who are searched in a jail, they can go to hell to be paid by the one who takes the picture" "Vietnam, how much did they earn?" "The real scandal is that all over the world, magazines made a fortune with photos of Vietnam" "How much did this one earn?" "How much did they earn for a front page?" "Captions" "A Chink who is shaking the hand of Nixon" "The caption says: "this very brave man"" "That's the Chink who is very brave to shake the hand of this guy" "Denouncing" "A Jew" "An Arabic" "A fool" "It's a Jew ******* this picture to sell trousers" "A Jew who continues to do what Germans did to him" "Those who torture are always photographed from behind and victims face on" "Victims face on, it's not fine" "The angle" "It must have to do with all that is wrong" "The subject, a corner, another" "You frame, you're framed" "Jail: good and bad subjects" "The angle" "Portugal: an angle" "New opening in Portugal" "Victory" "But what victory?" "Where does the angle come from?" "American victory" "Watching a photo" "You must be two to watch a photo" "Watergate, they were two, there was a possible angle" "A point of view" "And another" "The information circulates" "Impossible to keep silent" "To be three, you have to be two" "Both sides of the angle" "A mom side, a baby side" "The mom-space, the baby-side" "Always two photos to see something" "Always be two so that you don't get lost" "A 360-degree angle to back on your feet" "Always being two to approach a third" "The fear of the unknown" "Several angles: a triangle" "Family begins" "Several triangles: a society" "It organizes, it turns, it doesn't turn" "It begins, it doesn't begin" "An engine, a gear" "You put your hand in it, and then your head" "An assembly line, Renault Billancourt, july '74" "You put your head in the line and two years later you take your head out of the engine" "Beyrouth, july '76" "Identity, you lose it, you find it again" "How does it carry on?" "The first phicture taken was a flower" "The first picture published was the dead Communards on the front page of Le Figaro" "Under the ground, over the ground" "Soil, property" "Distribution of land in Libya" "A square of paper" "When you look at colesly, the paper is a real landscape" "When you look at closely, he smiles" "By far, a beloved" "TV" "The world is far, but TV is close, it reassures" "The first astronaut on Earth" "The first pedestrian in space" "You must turn to see" "The eye." "Opening your eyes" "For that, you need time and space" "We cut, we cut, we work at 1/500, we are real professionals" "It's a photo signed Don McCullin, special envoy for Sunday Times to Lebanon" "Listen to him five minutes" "He says that nothing belongs to him" "But he still decides" "He decides of the appropriate moment to take a picture" "He decides" "And he thinks it's the difference between an amateur photograph and a professional" "You got to have the knowledge to be able to choose the good moment" "And he thinks that the knowledge comes with experience" "He thinks that some people can push the button of a camera all their life and they'll never do a good picture" "Because he thinks it's a matter of gift, you must have a gift" "So what's a good picture according to him?" "Is it a picture he finds good or that other people find good?" "So in his opinion, a good picture is a picture that hangs the eye immediately" "That gives informations immediately" "A good photo says something straightaway" "It's a form of communication" "It communicates faster and clearer" "So he believes that if you have to take a long time to understand the message of a picture, it's a bad photo" "I I" "I am one + 2" "I have I have" "I don't have time I have" "space" "I am a legend" "frame" "do" "go fuck yourself go yourself frame" "bad" "I stand badly" "over under" "stand" "Strongest people are those who have time and space" "Advertising" "When there's no advertising on a paper, nothing holds" "We will look at what happens when we cut every page of advertising of a great French weekly paper" "One, it happens again" "Here too" "And here" "You can think that some pages will hold" "But everything holds together" "There are pages without advertising" "But as they are bound to ones with advertising" "They don't hold all alone" "There are pages without advertising" "But as they are bound to ones with advertising" "They don't hold all alone" "All alone, they don't hold" "DIRECTED BY"