"{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to piece together the evidence {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} but not today." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Welcome to Mont Orgueil in Jersey. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} played a little-known but {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} crucial role in the defence" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} but the whole of Great Britain." "this place has still but also right up there." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} We've got just three days {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to unlock those secrets." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Let's hope we can make it." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} It is a ridiculously steep slope. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} protected on three sides by the sea." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} it dominates but also the approach" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to the Channel Islands from France. gun platforms and battlements." "{\cHFFFFFF}It was never supposed {\cHFFFFFF}to be easy to get in." "{\cHFFFFFF}But it's the natural defence {\cHFFFFFF}of the terrain" "{\cHFFFFFF}that's really going to {\cHFFFFFF}cause the team a few headaches." "that's a serious slope." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Yeah." "That's... slightly more {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} vertical than I was expecting!" "{\cHFFFFFF}Is this the first time you guys have {\cHFFFFFF}run this machine over this kind of {\cHFFFFFF}undulating ground?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} Undulating?" "!" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} Take the slack." "000-worth of kit!" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Has anybody done this before?" "I don't {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} think anybody's been so stupid!" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} It's not till you get right up {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} here at the top of the castle that" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} you begin to appreciate why it was {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} quite so important strategically. that is France." "location!" "because {\cHFFFFFF}this is the closest English castle {\cHFFFFFF}to France. {\cHFFFFFF}so that puts this place at {\cHFFFFFF}the heart of politics for some of" "{\cHFFFFFF}the most important times {\cHFFFFFF}in our history." "Warwick?" "there are a number of {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} mysteries about this castle" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} that we want to solve." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Although we've got this great {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} stone structure around us" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} there are bits that are missing. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} surely you must have cracked {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} all the mysteries by now? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} so there are still areas" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} where we just need to know about the {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} bits of the castle that have been" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} demolished and lost {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} over the course of time." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} What would you like us {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to be able to identify? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Yeah." "and look {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} down to the green there below us." "has got {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} earthworks and lumps and bumps in it" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} there are structures down there." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} we know nothing about it and almost {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} nothing about it historically." "which {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} shows the outline of the castle we are very unclear" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} about the north side." "{\cHFFFFFF}This uncertainty at the {\cHFFFFFF}north end of the castle" "{\cHFFFFFF}is due to the later addition of the {\cHFFFFFF}Grand Battery and of Somerset Tower." "{\cHFFFFFF}Monstrous fortifications {\cHFFFFFF}built in the 16th century" "{\cHFFFFFF}that would have obliterated {\cHFFFFFF}any earlier structures. {\cHFFFFFF}looking for clues in their make-up" "{\cHFFFFFF}in order to find evidence of the {\cHFFFFFF}13th century walls and towers" "{\cHFFFFFF}that complete Warwick's {\cHFFFFFF}early castle plan." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Why should we be so interested in {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} this period of the castle's history? {\cHFFFFFF}that's just at the point where" "{\cHFFFFFF}so this place is now on the frontline" "{\cHFFFFFF}of one of the major power {\cHFFFFFF}struggles of medieval Europe." "King John?" "who was famous" "{\cHFFFFFF}for getting everything wrong {\cHFFFFFF}and losing all his land in France." "our guys are aren't they? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and on the steep slopes under the {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} formidable north and west walls." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} but with one enormous problem " "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the extreme terrain. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} but it's slow going." "innit?" "it is! {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and he's found a {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} small visible section of wall. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} we've got what looks like a wall..." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Yeah." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} ..and it's the wall that runs {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} right the way along." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} we've actually got the main wall" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} of the Tudor castle." "does the Tudor wall {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} sit on this wall? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} this one has to be earlier." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} What we're hoping is it might {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} be the 13th-century wall. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} it will be earlier than the Tudors." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} The crucial thing about the dating {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} is if we can identify {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} it's the place {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} where these two walls come together." "you know how much we love {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to wind you up." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} But I think we've surpassed {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} ourselves" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} getting you to {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Geophys that slope." "I think the scariest thing for {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} me is seeing Jimmy in that harness!" "{\cH00FF00} we need to do it properly." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Yeah." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} So it's taking time." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} It's going to be a while before {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} we get any results from that area." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} You've moved down here now?" "nice flat lawn. {\cHFFFFFF}or perhaps ancillary {\cHFFFFFF}buildings associated with it." "{\cH00FFFF} you're not a castle-y {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} sort of bloke." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} I can't imagine the reason that you {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} want to come down here" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} is because this is part {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} of the castle." "I think there's a lot of {\cHFFFFFF}possibilities that there's something {\cHFFFFFF}earlier down here as well." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Ah. {\cHFFFFFF}you've got a promontory {\cHFFFFFF}sticking out into the sea" "{\cHFFFFFF}likely to be the sort of thing {\cHFFFFFF}that would be {\cHFFFFFF}you might have ditches and banks {\cHFFFFFF}cutting off that promontory." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} So we might get something that's {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} even earlier than the castle itself?" "yeah." "Phil {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} is just putting in our first trench." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} I wonder what he'll find." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} I can't wait to get up there myself." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Maybe after lunch." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Our archaeologists are already {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} under way up on that slope you've got some {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} geophys for us." "we were saying earlier {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} it's a fantastic area to survey." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Yeah." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} The problem is the {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} results aren't that clear." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Why's that?" "it's really close to the electric currents {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} aren't going into the ground." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} we've got some results." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} You've got some big black{\cH00FFFF} blobs {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} there." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} That's on this higher {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} bit of ground here." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} I'm just wondering whether there's" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} a ditch coming through here before {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} we get onto this higher ground here. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} over this potential ditch and onto {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} this sort of possible building here." "you {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} don't sound that convinced?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} to be honest." "aren't you?" "{\cHFFFFFF}So trench two goes in on Castle Green {\cHFFFFFF}to look for a ditch that could add to {\cHFFFFFF}it should be easy to find." "filled up {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} with this crushed granite stuff." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} It's quite a clear edge actually." "it may even {\cHFFFFFF}date back to the original castle" "{\cHFFFFFF}built in the reign of King John." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} When do we first hear about {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} there being a castle here?" "hints." "{\cHFFFFFF}We don't have mention of castle but {\cHFFFFFF}we've got this description" "{\cHFFFFFF}from the pipe rolls and it mentions {\cHFFFFFF}"the Isle of Jersey and deliveries" "{\cHFFFFFF}"to Knights and 12 Horse Sergeants {\cHFFFFFF}and ten Foot Sergeants. {\cHFFFFFF}so we might assume there's a castle." "{\cHFFFFFF}We don't know definitely until 1212. {\cHFFFFFF}that's when we definitely {\cHFFFFFF}know there's something here." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Why put a castle here {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} in the first place?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} King John of England owned" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} and Jersey was happily ensconced" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} in the middle of the Angevin Empire." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} In 1202 he was summoned to Paris by {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} the King of France to answer so they were and Brittany" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} was taken back and Jersey {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} became a remaining outpost. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} but the ruling elite who were" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} in charge of the island decided {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} they were staying with King John." "that when all this part then {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Jersey was slap bang in the middle" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} but as soon as this part of France" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} goes back to the French King then {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} suddenly Jersey is on the frontline." "and our promontory here on the {\cHFFFFFF}east side becomes a perfect place because it's {\cHFFFFFF}in the right place to put two fingers we're English"." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} So what was the position of Jersey {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} by the end of King John's reign? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} it was just a hangout {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} from the old Duchy of Normandy." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} And there began over {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} 800 years of union. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} making a stronghold {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} on the island vital." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} But finding evidence of that {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} original stone castle" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} under the massive 16th century {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} walls is proving difficult." "Stewart's hunting high {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and low and may have found something" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} on the north east corner. these are part {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} of the Tudor battery on the corner." "{\cHFFFFFF}Yes... {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} but that built over that wall there." "{\cHFFFFFF}where the Tudor bastion {\cHFFFFFF}that itself {\cHFFFFFF}is built against the rock face." "is that what you think?" "part of {\cHFFFFFF}the arrangement of the curtain wall" "{\cHFFFFFF}with round towers on it {\cHFFFFFF}as we had before the Tudors." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Is it the first time {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} you've seen it this morning?" "{\cHFFFFFF}when the ivy was stripped away" "{\cHFFFFFF}we found something that has never" "{\cHFFFFFF}been drawn on any plan {\cHFFFFFF}or described before." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Wow." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} So we've now located an {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} original 13th century corner tower" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} underneath the 16th century {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} defences." "Phil's {\cHFFFFFF}struggling to take trench one" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} anywhere near as far back in time." "quite a challenge {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} getting up here." "what's the purpose {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} of this trench?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} To see whether we can {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} establish the date of this wall." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} And have you done it? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} what we have found is we've got{\cHFFFF00} the {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} outside edge of it plummeting away" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} we've got the main core of the wall." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} What we'd like is to put this wall" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} to go underneath and be earlier {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} than the main Tudor bastion wall." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} So at the moment {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} you've got no dating evidence?" "but what we do have is it's this." "or this pipe {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} that's running through here" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} which we think is probably {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} a relic of the German occupation." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Why do you think it's German?" "apparently everybody {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} that digs around the castle says" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} the one thing you always find {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} is relics left over it {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} seems that's the best bet for that. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} now you've just gotta back to 1300s? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} firstly it's see if we can {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} establish whether this wall" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} and the second way is actually" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} to look at the mortars." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} What would be significant {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} about the mortar? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} they're a lot more gritty. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} we've just gotta hope that we {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} haven't got one of them." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} No sign of the 13th century {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} down in trench two either." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} The rock cut ditch is deeper {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and wider than anyone expected" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} but it's producing little {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to help us date it." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Although this might not{\cH00FFFF} be {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the only ditch down here." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Stewart thinks he's stumbled upon {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} another one near the castle gate." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} he calls in Jimmy with his radar {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} this is yet another unknown {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} defensive circuit around the castle." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} you can see a ditch comes round here" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} and it heads down{\cHFFFF00} towards" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} where the drawbridge for the {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} original medieval castle gate was." "this ditch ought {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} to be part of that original" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} 13th century castle defences." "{\cHFFFFFF}So it should be just outside the {\cHFFFFFF}13th century stone walls there." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} it's on this side of the castle." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} you could easily come up here. and to be" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} able to prove this is part of those {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} original defences would be great." "{\cHFFFFFF}The radar that we've done across it {\cHFFFFFF}shows it's about a metre deep." "shouldn't we? shouldn't there?" "then." "{\cHFFFFFF}We'll get on with the tea!" "before we started filming this." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} You'll be lucky!" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} So trench three goes in {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to see if there is a second ditch" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} cut below the western wall." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} it should run tightly {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} parallel to John's ditch." "where's {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the wall that should go with it?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and is about to boldly go" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} where no landscape investigator {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} has gone before." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} he's clocked something 30 feet up." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Can you see all the masonry is {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} different to the battery above it?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Encouraged by the daredevil {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} antics of the rest of the team..." "Stewey." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Thank you." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} He heads off up the rock face. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} I catch up with Mick to get {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} my head around what's going on." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} So Phil's looking for a {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} 13th century wall up there." "{\cHFFFFFF}Yeah." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Down there we've been digging {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} for some ditch." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} But suddenly I find that you've {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} opened another trench here?" "coming through here so we wanna {\cHFFFFFF}know the date of that one as well. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} there's a bit of me that {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} feels disappointed you're just {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} digging for ditches." "{\cHFFFFFF}But the castle walls are just {\cHFFFFFF}half of the defensive system." "{\cHFFFFFF}there would have been ditches {\cHFFFFFF}so we need to look at those as well." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} And do you think all those {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} ditches will be the same date? {\cHFFFFFF}and so you'd expect correspondingly {\cHFFFFFF}different ditches to be dug." "the rest of it's defended this is the {\cHFFFFFF}side you can come over land to it {\cHFFFFFF}dig another load of ditches." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} It's hard for me to concentrate {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} solely on Mick {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} is swinging in the air" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} about 30{\cH00FFFF} feet above our head." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Stewart!" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Hello!" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} What you doing up there? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} can you see there's a band {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} of masonry going that way?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Yeah." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} This is very different to {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} the stuff that's on top of it" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} and it goes in a curve. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} and it looks like it's the {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} corner of a round tower." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Could that be the 13th century {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} wall that we're looking for?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} It looks very probable." "the castle is beginning {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to give up its secrets." "isn't it?" "yeah. just can't think of one!" "god! {\cHFFFFFF}where we're looking {\cHFFFFFF}at the awesome Mont Orguiel Castle" "{\cHFFFFFF}and trying to unpick {\cHFFFFFF}some of its secrets." "thin trench here" "{\cHFFFFFF}because we'd started looking at {\cHFFFFFF}the defences in front of the castle what have we found? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} it's been backfilled and then re-cut {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} again at that end so they keep" "there's nothing." "{\cHFFFFFF}Any dating evidence at all?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} We've got a few bits of pottery {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} coming up" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} but nothing firm yet." "{\cHFFFFFF}slightly inconclusive." "the ditch is good." "I wasn't sure {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} about the building we've got {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} another massive ditch showing and they're {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} both showing another huge ditch." "{\cHFFFFFF}Where's the ditch?" "the dark green lush grass." "yeah? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} now is that related to the castle {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} or is it part of this" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} promontory fort that we talked {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} about that might be here?" "{\cHFFFFFF}So do you wanna dig it?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} We've got to." "{\cHFFFFFF}but I must admit there's part of me" "{\cHFFFFFF}that thinks we've gone {\cHFFFFFF}a bit ditch crazy on this dig." "{\cHFFFFFF}So trench four goes in on Castle {\cHFFFFFF}Green to investigate John's geophys." "{\cHFFFFFF}A third ditch would mean {\cHFFFFFF}the approach to the castle" "{\cHFFFFFF}was very heavily fortified. much older?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} I shall laugh if this turns out {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} to be a prehistoric site." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} And we've got a socking great {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} medieval castle behind us!" "{\cHFFFFFF}We're now unearthing diagnostic {\cHFFFFFF}and datable artefacts across the site" "{\cHFFFFFF}but they're just not doing much {\cHFFFFFF}to take our story back in time." "{\cHFFFFFF}Second World War?" "yes." "so far the finds have {\cHFFFFFF}been a bit disappointing." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} You can see this is obviously {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} late 19th century ink bottle." "{\cHFFFFFF}"Desultory" is the word {\cHFFFFFF}that springs to mind." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} Definitely." "you've just turned {\cHFFFFFF}up with stuff from your trench." "most {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} of what we've been getting but we do happen which {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} we're pretty sure are a lot earlier." "Olga?" "this definitely {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} is our first piece of and I imagine {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} it dates to the Iron Age." "really early... {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} .." "look at a piece of flint." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} This stuff is actually {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} gonna throw our story back" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} something like that." "{\cHFFFFFF}But we don't really want {\cHFFFFFF}to throw our story back... {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} We want to throw our story {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} right back to the beginning!" "but we're trying" "{\cHFFFFFF}to date the earliest castle up here. 13th century?" "not yet." "not as yet." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} But we haven't got down {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to the critical layers yet." "{\cHFFFFFF}Sure." "{\cHFFFFFF}Stewart's now confident he's located {\cHFFFFFF}a bit of 13th century castle wedged under {\cHFFFFFF}the corner of the 16th century walls." "{\cHFFFFFF}recording the archaeology" "{\cHFFFFFF}with a little eagle-eyed help." "this is Stewart.'" "Stewart. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} it's a curving {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} bit of wall going round this crag" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} with the crushed burnt limpets in it" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} that Warwick was saying are likely {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to mean it's 13th century." "where I am." "{\cHFFFFFF}'Observation stored.'" "Stewart." "Henry." "{\cHFFFFFF}'Observation stored.'" "Stewart follows" "{\cHFFFFFF}the base of the vast 16th century {\cHFFFFFF}wall in the quest for more." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} We're walking on a wall of ivy {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} at the moment." "no problem." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} OK." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Now there's a few {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} stingers just down here." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} OK." "{\cHFFFFFF}Bingo!" "{\cHFFFFFF}Concealed under the ivy {\cHFFFFFF}is a second tower." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} This is really good. {\cHFFFFFF}we can add a second 13th century {\cHFFFFFF}tower just along the western wall. {\cHFFFFFF}suggesting this castle {\cHFFFFFF}has seen some serious action." "you really do get {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} the most amazing sense of" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} how difficult it would've been {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} to storm a castle like this. isn't it? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} it's constantly being added to" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} and remodelled over the years." "cos the castle" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} and the island are constantly {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} under attack." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} I've been trying to make a list" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} and I've got attack after attack isn't there? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} probably about {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} 10% of the island population." "isn't it?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} It would have made a difference." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} So who's attacking at that point?" "the French." "no wonder they're not {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} terribly popular!" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} This is where {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} I say I'm quarter French." "sorry! building up {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} with the great big towers" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} trying to break through the walls." "that's standard {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} siege warfare in those days." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} So were the walls ever {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} actually breached? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} but they couldn't take the keep." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} They said their ladders weren't long {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} enough" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} and the foundations were too strong." "wouldn't you?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Gotta go back to France for that!" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Henry." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} I wonder if you'd do {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} a bit of modelling for me." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} Right." "not in that way!" "{\cHFFFFFF}Stewart thinks he's located {\cHFFFFFF}a defensive earthwork" "{\cHFFFFFF}down below the corner {\cHFFFFFF}of the 16th century Grand Battery. {\cHFFFFFF}jutting out into Castle Green." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} flat sort of earthwork" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} that comes and lies on the slope." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} Hm." "that looks like {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} it's an outwork or a bastion." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Some form of defence covering {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} this sort of weak area out here." "which is by... {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Yeah." "what would be {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} really good if you could model that." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} Yeah." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} See how it fits in {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} with the line defences see whether {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} it is a defence work." "Henry gets cracking." "{\cHFFFFFF}But he's not the only one {\cHFFFFFF}surveying the castle." "{\cHFFFFFF}We've got a very flashy {\cHFFFFFF}piece of kit on site this week. {\cHFFFFFF}what exactly is it?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} This is a 3D laser scanner {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and we're actually using it to" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} digitally document {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the castle at the moment." "{\cHFFFFFF}How does it work? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} it calculates {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} a three-dimensional point in space creating a" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} rich point cloud of data which is an {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} exact replica of the castle." "{\cHFFFFFF}Why do we need {\cHFFFFFF}a 3D model of the castle? why do we need you?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} We can use it to create accurate {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} measurements at any point within the {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} castle." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} So if we scan the exterior walls {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and then go inside {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} we can then create measurements {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} throughout the building." "out of the castle?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} once we've scanned the whole thing {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and create sections throughout." "{\cHFFFFFF}Trench three has now bottomed out and {\cHFFFFFF}has thrown up some useful pottery." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} What date do you reckon that is?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} 15th century." "right at the bottom!" "right at the base." "I just expected it {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to be 13th century" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} or something like that." "but... {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Right. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} it looks like it's 15th century." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} But we have got rubble {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} and other bits coming out." "isn't it?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} We've got mortar and stone {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} there and it looks like" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} some form of building was here {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} or up there somewhere initially." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} presumably something didn't it?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} It must have done. {\cHFFFFFF}Phil's dragged over to take a look." "{\cHFFFFFF}And trench five slowly {\cHFFFFFF}exposes a small" "{\cHFFFFFF}but solid wall on the granite spur. {\cHFFFFFF}confirming Stewart's suspicions." "isn't it?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} That's right." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} And the platform's over in this {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} area here? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} part of that ditch coming through." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} That's just showing it in colours {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} representing difference in height." "so the blue areas are {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} and that way you can just see {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} how dramatic that platform is {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} as a flat area." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} Look how dramatic that slope is {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} coming down here." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} That is classically what you'd {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} expect from an outwork round a {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} castle." "{\cHFFFFFF}an arrowhead bastion was built" "{\cHFFFFFF}over the earlier rock cut ditch." "{\cHFFFFFF}These gun platforms gave great {\cHFFFFFF}angles for defensive fire" "{\cHFFFFFF}and were popular through {\cHFFFFFF}the 16th and 17th centuries. {\cHFFFFFF}but none of it has anything to do {\cHFFFFFF}with the 13th century." "{\cHFFFFFF}Time to join the boffins for a cup {\cHFFFFFF}of tea to find out what's going on. {\cHFFFFFF}but our first goal was how have we done there?" "we have got" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} base sitting on the rock there. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} and we've got the known one so we've {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} got the whole of the west side" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} and all the 13th century {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} plan there is complete." "{\cHFFFFFF}the ditch in that trench." "is it?" "it's just {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} possible that ditch here it's undateable." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} it's overlain by this earthwork which appears {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to be a gun platform of what... {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} something like that?" "yes." "but it could be but {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} chances are it's somewhere between. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} just see if we get any dating {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} from that one." "{\cHFFFFFF}So Mick orders a second {\cHFFFFFF}section across Stewart's ditch." "{\cHFFFFFF}His hope being trench six {\cHFFFFFF}will provide an early date" "{\cHFFFFFF}for this ring defence. {\cHFFFFFF}Warwick's dating techniques {\cHFFFFFF}render Phil shell-shocked." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Warwick." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Yeah." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} You know you were {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} saying about that shelly mortar" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} it was 13th century? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} there are whole shells {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} in the mortar." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} but that's not shelly mortar." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} But that's mortar with shells in it!" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Yes." "that must be 13th century." "complete shells." "which Stewart found" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} up there on the battery {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} a little while ago" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} where the mortar is {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} full of broken and crushed shell {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} all those dark bits are fragments {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} of limpet shells" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} that mortar doesn't have it." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} So this mortar with {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} shells in is 13th century... {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Yes. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} but shelly mortar is {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} definitely 13th century." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} You've got it." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} I'm losing the will to live." "{\cHFFFFFF}All day long as far as the {\cHFFFFFF}archaeology of Mont Orguiel's {\cHFFFFFF}we'll be able to tell the full story {\cHFFFFFF}there's bound to be a few {\cHFFFFFF}surprises along the way." "and {\cHFFFFFF}actually we came here to do a pretty which was to {\cHFFFFFF}find a couple of 13th-century walls" "{\cHFFFFFF}so we could identify the {\cHFFFFFF}original castle on this site. {\cHFFFFFF}the archaeology's got {\cHFFFFFF}more and more complicated. we've even got prehistoric. {\cHFFFFFF}because what we're finding {\cHFFFFFF}is really awesome." "there's a lot of activity {\cHFFFFFF}going on around here!" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Yeah." "We're trying to sort out {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} these defences still." "{\cHFFFFFF}Yeah. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} which appears to be {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} a sort of early gun platform {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} but he's also picking up material" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} that's coming from {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the 13th-century tower at the top" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the{\cH00FFFF} early mortar cascading down." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} this is where{\cH00FFFF} this ditch that {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} is carrying on round " "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} remember we were{\cH00FFFF} digging this {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to get more dating material...?" "{\cHFFFFFF}Hang on." "This is highly confusing." "14th century." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Yeah." "presumably this is Tudor... {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Yeah. 15th century?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Probably." "We're getting so we shall learn that." "but..." "I will!" "{\cHFFFFFF}where we thought we had prehistoric?" "has{\cH00FFFF} got {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} peaty material in the bottom" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} with bits of timber." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} I think it might be prehistoric. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} but any dating{\cH00FFFF} early on {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} would be useful." "{\cHFFFFFF}Do you think we can sort {\cHFFFFFF}all this out by the end of the day?" "yeah." "But I think{\cH00FFFF} we've {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} got a particular job to do because" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} normally all our..." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} all the things we find are" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} spread out over a fairly flat site. but a bit {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to make sure that we understand {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the relationships between it all." "{\cHFFFFFF}'And early finds {\cHFFFFFF}from the ditch extension" "{\cHFFFFFF}'support our military story.'" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} So where have these come from?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} They've come{\cHFFFF00} out of the stuff {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} being scraped" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} so they've come off the spoil heap." "OK." "Well this one... {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} I'd put it in the 17th {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} or{\cH00FFFF} maybe even the 18th century." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} So you can imagine the leather of {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the scabbard coming up there. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} of I think the 15th century." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} I'll have to clean it up to be sure." "but you can {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} just about see on this side" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} a cross of fleur-de-lys. {\cHFFFFFF}'were minted in their {\cHFFFFFF}thousands across Europe." "{\cHFFFFFF}they were used for complicated" "{\cHFFFFFF}rather like a two-dimensional abacus." "{\cHFFFFFF}our survey of the castle {\cHFFFFFF}'and should help us {\cHFFFFFF}make sense of this topsy-turvy site." "{\cHFFFFFF}'And trench two {\cHFFFFFF}has now hit rock bottom " "{\cHFFFFFF}'although the pottery is definitely {\cHFFFFFF}medieval and not prehistoric." "{\cHFFFFFF}'But what of the building {\cHFFFFFF}Phil was sent to investigate?" "'" "{\cHFFFFFF}One of the big mysteries for us since {\cHFFFFFF}we got here has been this wall here. {\cHFFFFFF}nor were we convinced that {\cHFFFFFF}it was necessarily part of" "{\cHFFFFFF}the original 13th-century castle." "but" "{\cHFFFFFF}whatever was it?" "have you managed to solve {\cHFFFFFF}the problem for us?" "and we've always {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} known that this wall went round" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and actually butted{\cH00FFFF} onto {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the bedrock on that side " "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and we can{\cH00FFFF} show that this wall" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} butts directly up {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} against the natural. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and we reckon that it's exactly {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} like one of those over there. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} we've seen the mortars." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} it's mortar with shells in it." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and{\cH00FFFF} it's almost certainly" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} part of that defence over there." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFFFF} What was it for?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} What this tower is doing is covering {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} this lower ground in here." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} You've got people up in here - {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} defenders with guns" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and bows and arrows - {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} that is designed to keep people {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} off those lower slopes." "{\cHFFFFFF}And this is new stuff?" "{\cHFFFFFF}No-one knew about this before?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} This is crucially new stuff to the {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} whole development of the castle." "{\cHFFFFFF}Helen...?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Yeah?" "15th century... {\cHFFFFFF}How does that tie in {\cHFFFFFF}with the history?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Pretty well really - particularly {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} if it's connected with that tower {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} who arrives at the{\cH00FFFF} castle {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} at a really peculiar moment." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} somehow the French had got hold" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} of the castle." "And Harliston is{\cH00FFFF} sent {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to relieve it for the English." "{\cHFFFFFF}Hang on." "So that's the Brits {\cHFFFFFF}sieging their own castle?" "absolutely!" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} I know -{\cH00FFFF} it's kind of backwards." "and Harliston sets about" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} updating the castle." "this tower here - you can {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} see it's got the arrow slits" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} but peeking through the{\cH00FFFF} trees {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} is what looks like a window." "that is a gun port {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} for the modern artillery. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} so they're part of {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the same defensive system." "doesn't it?" "{\cHFFFFFF}You'd have a tower there" "{\cHFFFFFF}and one here checking out the rear." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Absolutely." "It all ties together. {\cHFFFFFF}'show that the castle was {\cHFFFFFF}under constant threat." "{\cHFFFFFF}'And Stewart believes {\cHFFFFFF}Mont Orguiel's defensive evolution" "{\cHFFFFFF}'mirrored developments {\cHFFFFFF}in weapons technology." "{\cHFFFFFF}'So he's mapping known medieval fire {\cHFFFFFF}power against the castle's walls.'" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Their effective range from the {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} arrows is about a hundred yards." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} I can{\cHFFFF00} just sort you out {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} a hundred yards... {\cHFFFFFF}'Just marking out {\cHFFFFFF}this distance of death is chilling.'" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} I'd never think I could be killed by" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} an arrow or a crossbow {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} from that{\cH00FFFF} distance." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} By the time you get to {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the 15th{\cH00FFFF} century {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and you've got these musket{\cH00FFFF} balls {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} coming at you." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} And their penetrating power is such {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} that{\cH00FFFF} at this distance and take two {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} or three people out the other side! {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} a bone behind the person {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} that's been hit first..." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH4040FF} {\cHFFFFFF} CANNON FIRE ECHOES 500 yards." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH4040FF} {\cHFFFFFF} CANNON FIRE ECHOES" "{\cHFFFFFF}'And this firepower {\cHFFFFFF}could be aided by geography.' {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} the top of that's lower {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} than the top of the hill here." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} So I think the natural hill {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} is probably better" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} as a defensive{\cHFFFF00} position {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} than the top of the castle." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} How far away is that?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} The crest of{\cHFFFF00} the hill here {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} is about 300 yards. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} you can pound the castle {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} quite easily." "wouldn't it?" "Shall we move?" "! Castle Green" "{\cHFFFFFF}'still did its bit {\cHFFFFFF}for the war effort.' {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} what we have got is" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} with early medieval pottery in " "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} then at this end" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} but only one side of it. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} and{\cHFFFF00} they're mixing it up with stone {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} and they're using that {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} for the{\cHFFFF00} wall core " "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} and in the time of about {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} the 1470 rebuild to the castle." "{\cHFFFFFF}I haven't heard the word {\cHFFFFFF}"prehistoric" mentioned once. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} 15th century halfway up." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} There's nothing {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} prehistoric down here at all." "{\cHFFFFFF}But you got us all excited about {\cHFFFFFF}the possibility of prehistory!" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and{\cH00FFFF} there's no evidence." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} There{\cHFFFF00} is {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} prehistoric stuff on the top" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} of the base of the castle - that's {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} where the prehistoric site must be." "{\cHFFFFFF}'But how far back in time {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} have{\cHFFFFFF} we pushed this site?" "{\cHFFFFFF}'The answer lies in trench one.'" "{\cHFFFFFF}Where's Ian?" "you've got a visitor." "Where are you? {\cHFFFFFF}we haven't seen you for two days." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} I've been up here{\cHFFFF00} digging down {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} on my ownsome." "{\cHFFFFFF}What you got? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} I'm back into prehistory." "{\cHFFFFFF}How do you know it's prehistory?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Cos all the soil's{\cHFFFF00} absolutely full" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} of Iron Age pot {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} and prehistoric flint work." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} You tried to insult me {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} a{\cH00FFFF} couple of days ago" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} by calling me Fred Flintstone - {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} but I still love flints." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Look at how sharp that edge and it actually {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} goes in an arrow shaft like that." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} That arrowhead is {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} probably about 3000 BC." "{\cHFFFFFF}It's really satisfying {\cHFFFFFF}that we've managed to nail isn't it? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} all you're interested in {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} is the{\cH00FFFF} medieval stuff." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} And when I talked to you {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} a couple of days ago {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} I said we wanted to find{\cH00FFFF} out {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} which of these two walls" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} was the earlier {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and which was the later." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} And I said there was two{\cH00FFFF} ways {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} that we could do that." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and one might be by the mortar." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} And the stratigraphy we can show {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} with this one {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and it is earlier than the big {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Tudor wall back there." "{\cHFFFFFF}And it's 13th century? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} because the mortar was going to be {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the crucial dating thing." "so I cannot say" "{\cH00FFFF} but it{\cHFFFF00} could{\cH00FFFF} be." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} It is definitely earlier {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} than{\cH00FFFF} that wall." "{\cHFFFFFF}That's tantalising." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} So are you satisfied now?" "I'll {\cHFFFFFF}leave you to chat to Barney Rubble." "{\cHFFFFFF}'Back to the future. {\cHFFFFFF}'and Stewart's keen {\cHFFFFFF}to use it as a tool" "{\cHFFFFFF}'to accurately measure the dimensions" "{\cHFFFFFF}'of the massive Tudor gun battery {\cHFFFFFF}added late in the castle's life.' {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} for a number of reasons to do {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} with the defence of this castle." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} What's the measurement from {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the face of that" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} north wall of the grand battery" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to the inside wall of it there?" "{\cHFFFFFF}So we're looking at {\cHFFFFFF}12.405 metres then." "that's thick." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} When you think that the {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} average stone wall" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} is probably only about {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} maximum two metres thick. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to the inside of that curve {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} of the battery?" "{\cHFFFFFF}We're looking at 23.271 metres" "{\cHFFFFFF}from end to end." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Crikey." "That's put there simply to {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} absorb cannon fire" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} from cannon up on the hill here - {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} so they'd need that depth of {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} earth to absorb the impact." "{\cHFFFFFF}'And while this huge Tudor gun {\cHFFFFFF}platform buried much of the original the archaeology {\cHFFFFFF}is not entirely lost to us.'" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} So when do you start {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} getting the good reflections?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Just in front of {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} where you're standing." "Jimmy {\cHFFFFFF}has made a remarkable discovery." "{\cHFFFFFF}'His radar has picked up {\cHFFFFFF}a complete 13th-century tower" "{\cHFFFFFF}'inside the later bastion." "{\cHFFFFFF}and it's time to draw together" "{\cHFFFFFF}'what we've learned about {\cHFFFFFF}the earlier stone castle" "{\cHFFFFFF}'and its subsequent development.' that {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} we didn't know when we started?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} We can confirm {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} that there is a half round tower... {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} We've also found {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} a completely unknown round tower..." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} A round tower there." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} A 15th-century battery down here.." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} A solid half round Bastille... a D-shaped..." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} 15th{\cH00FFFF} century...{\cHFFFF00} 14th...13th... {\cHFFFFFF}'I think I'd better {\cHFFFFFF}pull this together!" "{\cHFFFFFF}'Mont Orguiel has been in use {\cHFFFFFF}since prehistory." "{\cHFFFFFF}'The steep-sided granite hill {\cHFFFFFF}has been recognised 000 years. {\cHFFFFFF}'when a fortified keep {\cHFFFFFF}was built on the highest point." "{\cHFFFFFF}'Protective curtain walls {\cHFFFFFF}and towers surrounded it " "{\cHFFFFFF}and partway down the slope." "{\cHFFFFFF}the castle had a military makeover. {\cHFFFFFF}'and cover the approach {\cHFFFFFF}to Castle Green." "{\cHFFFFFF}'The late 16th century heralded {\cHFFFFFF}the most substantial changes. {\cHFFFFFF}'and a lofty D-shaped tower designed {\cHFFFFFF}to protect the heart of the castle. {\cHFFFFFF}'leaving Mont Orguiel groaning {\cHFFFFFF}under the weight of guns. {\cHFFFFFF}'as the castle became a prisoner {\cHFFFFFF}of its own geography.'" "have you got {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} those measurements yet?" "Stewart." "Where I am{\cHFFFF00} now {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} is just over 200 yards away from you" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} but I'm actually {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} over{\cHFFFF00} four metres higher than you." "so I've got the advantage." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} So you're definitely higher than me?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Definitely." "mate? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} particularly {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} on this side{\cH00FFFF} of the castle " "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} why the castle seems{\cH00FFFF} to be getting {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} higher and higher over periods. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} because if we were standing on {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the 13th-century battlements on the" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} we've got the advantage... {\cHFFFFFF}Got bows and arrows." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Exactly.{\cH00FFFF} So if anybody {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} was attacking down there {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} which is where about Faye is {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} just{\cH00FFFF} down there on the lower lawn." "shall I get her?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} ..she'd be dead(!" ")" "when they got muskets... {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} it's about the same distance." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} So where Matt is over there... {\cHFFFFFF}(MIMICS ARROW)" "{\cHFFFFFF}That was a terrible death!" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} But the big difference comes {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} a little later in the Tudor{\cH00FFFF} period." "yeah." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and you've got a hill up there... {\cHFFFFFF}Henry is where...?" "Up there?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Exactly." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} If you had a cannon on that ridge {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} at{\cH00FFFF} 200 yards - that's the distance " "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the velocity of the ball would {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} completely smash any walls here." "they had to {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} build this great big thick work here {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} destroying this castle." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} he's got the advantage." "{\cHFFFFFF}So is he going to fire {\cHFFFFFF}his cannon at{\cHFFFF00} us?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} He hasn't got a cannon." "We{\cH00FF00} have." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} (SHOUTS) Fire!" "Stewart(!" ") Ha-ha..." "{\cHFFFFFF}Subtitles by {\cHFFFFFF}Red Bee Media Ltd"