"Everything inspires me, sometimes I think see things others don't." "Norman Foster" "If you look how Norman looks, always dressed a very particularly kind of style." "He reflects the quality of the architecture very much, it has the sense of doing things precisely, carefully, considerably." "But you also see there's something, about the architecture which is hard to read." "How do you understand a building which is a black glass, curved screen?" "You don't quite know what's going on inside, and maybe that's Norman also." "The first drawing I can remember making, was of an aircraft," "and it was... it use the only knowledge of aircraft that I had first time, which was the model aircraft, was the high wing, the ribs, and the source of power was... *you know, the rubber, I mean the strands of rubber," "but this was on a herculean scale." "You know, I was up there several storeys above the ground, with the joystick and the lever that would unleashed this, you know, kilometers of rubber." "turn this," "I obviously had this fantasy that." "You know, I was sitting there and control all of this great craft." "I can remember the drawing very well," "You can see all kinds of reasons why Norman, throughout his life so fascinated by flight." "The reason of course the beauty of a artifact, *the way of the wind curve every engine," "*the way the *it's bring the every pieces of metal," "there also the sense of control and command." "If he been taught fly when he is in royal air force, there is no question, but the world will lost an architect, he would become a pilot." "They send the building like Eiffel tower, change the way of lot of people thought of the world, *it literally saw it in another perspective and that's reflected in the paintings." "I think it's an architect, if you privilege to be able to enjoy that dimension of flight, to be able to see how awesome nature and the forces of nature, to be able to fly up at this distances at high speed" "with no engines or solar power and to be able to literally almost sniff out the rising air, the sinking air, *and to remain *aloft," "but it also about challenges, and it's the poetic dimension." "It's... something I never tired of, never will." "There something that is nothing short of awe-inspiring." "but the idea of bridge marching forward through a landscape, on a series of giant legs the scale of skyscrapers." "In the evening,*you drive across, so you can see how spectacular it looks." "We forgotten the useful things could be this beautiful." "Norman never stop drawing, he communicates in the most effictive way, through sharp pencil and beautiful block of paper, in his car there are fresh note pads, and fresh sharpen pencils, just in case something comes to him." "he is always drawing, drawing, drawing, drawing... it's his way he thinks it's his way argues points, you can see the buildings take shape." "His line is very spare, but very expressive, in a very economic way, just like Norman." "I think he is the most self motivation person," "I ever meet, without doubt." "he has passions, has passion for architecture, he has passions for skiing." "langlaufen he has the passions for flying." "which is, I mean, amazing." "you know, You don't know, but he had a commercial pilot's license." "He wants to conquer, which is conquer infirmity, conquer weakness, in the sense that he wants to show how far one can do through real power." "*I came from a sort of continental," "[Richard Rogers Architect] *multi-spotted, slightly middle class, upper class," "Norman really made it himself, and full of wish for that, but made him very much know from the beginning, that the way he is going to go." "I remember, hearing bomber go over the house, in the middle of the night, with my mother, I remember, talking rationally, about you know, what kind of bomber it might be, and just breaking down to flutter of tears," "just being absolutely, abjectly, terrified." "[Norman Foster's first visit to his childhood home in 30 years, Manchester,UK]" "Norman was the only child, he was born in the min streets in the Manchester, *just of the great depression," "Robert, his father, manange a poor work shop, his mother Lilian became waitress," "My voice had change from my father died, my father was a tenor," "and somehow, you know, it's was some gift, *impassing." "I just found a new voice almost, and I asking him about his father, and what he got from his father, and Norman said both his father and mother just workaholic, they worked and worked and worked," "and he said the only thing was, *he?" "the results from the working so hard, *he had got to know them as well as he would've liked." "This is very important, isn't it?" "when you do those drawing going to a university." "yes." "and when I was at university," "I had a drawing board here, this is where I did most my students work." "One of the things he did the portfolio to get to the university, was draw the view from his bedroom window." "the view he had was of a railway line which went right past his window, at eye level, *and he would've been out there, looking at those big black steam engines, rushing past, throwing out smoke and cinders." "Under the track, is a passageway that goes from Norman's street, which is humble, poor, you can smell the damp," "but you go through this tunnel, under the railway, and find yourself suddenly in a middle class suburb, with trees on the streets, and detached villas." "And realise of course, that Norman, was on the wrong side of the tracks." "I come the background, where the only honorable work if you like is manual work." "I move up into of sort of a middle class world of guaranteed pension." "all the security of my parents never had which they - for me, so I was working in the Manchester town hall." "I find it, totally depressing," "I mean I escape at launch time I discover architecture." "I didn't know I was actually discovering architecture, *only in afterwards," "I realized it," "I been looking at the buildings." "My escape rule is was a bicycle, to get me out of that environment, into other kinds of worlds." "When he came out air force, he was lucky enough to be recommended to do a job working in the firm of architects." "Not a designer, but as an assistant for the guide that ran the building contracts," "I plucked up courage to talk the most junior person in the drawing office, and I remember challenging this guy and saying:" "What do you think of Frank Lloyd Wright?" "and Frank Lloyd Wright was one of my passions through the local library, of... you know like Le Corbusier and so on... so I then start to engaging individual the conversation, how to become an architect?" "what you have to do?" "Well, you have to have a portfolio." "how how you get an portfolio?" "wow, I know, it's drawings." "So I been drawing at the bedroom window," "I have taking drawing home from" "?" "shore?" "cooking in the evening, and then I thought I have to tell the boss, knock on the door of the John Beardshaw, said I just tell him I'm going to apply to be an architect." "We have to have a portfolios." "I've got a portfolio." "how can you have a portfolio?" "so I told him, you know talking the room in the evening." "so he said you had bring it next day, which I did." "*your square paid you around home, and give me an office, and tea square, a book of graphics standards, and give me a project: a house, so that was a turning point." "The essence of Norman's architecture, is design can make thing work better, and it's a very optimistic belief, architecture can make your life feel better." "On the small scale, *it transformed his adolescent bedroom in the suburbs of Manchester, later, it could taking away from the narrow world *and almost anything possible." "Architecture, I guess, for me is something that smoothly?" "the spirit, we really work in terms of all the senses, not that senses about things you can measure, you can quantify, and if you like the spiritual dimension, which is rooted in all of the senses," "and which you can't measure, but you know that area it's move you, move your spirits." "[Old Yale University School of Architecture USA]" "This is old school of architecture unbelievablely" "*the same ceiling, the extraordinary same staircase," "difficult to imaging it," "very familiar." "Yale in 1961, *was still under the *spell of modernism," "Paul Rudolph, the dean, had been student of Walter Gropius, founder of Bauhaus." "And the fire of the modern movement was still alive," "Yale was full of strong teachers, but was dominated by Rudolph." "He was the man who taught Foster how to draw like an architect, and even how to look like one." "Rudolph also made him cry, he use the words "you don't care enough" to Norman, after he had been up all night, working on a project." "Yale never had a kind of Ideology, and Rudolph was particular good at, bring out the best of every student, he was tough on them, *he's famously tough and regress, but it is about bring out what you want to do." "Rudolph really encourage Norman, he really pushed him, with most of us he pushed us, or you'd be out." "But I think he push Norman more than anybody in our group," "I think him saw things in Norman that most of us he did not see them." "I went on the building," "I did a lot of drawing, on the perspectives, so if you just take a photogragh on those," "I can show you the extraordinary drawing, *which is probably about so big on it," "I was drawing line after line after line." "Also on the teaching staff was Serge Chermayeff, he want to make him think about communities, about how they worked, and he was the one who is pushing Norman, to thinking about how you design the whole world," "the whole environment." "Vincent Scully, the other great force in Yale, was a historian, who is passion about making architecture, come alive to his students." "Vincent Scully and Rudolph all very much about the visual, how you sort things, how you approach things how things are around does you looked at them in different angles." "Scully was the one were encouraged both Norman and Richard to drive across American, *they went on pilgrimages to look great architecture." "As we drove into the city of Chicago, and my VW Bugin had one of those when windows on the top, and maybe argue about those when windows on the top, the whole crew,not Sue, but Richard and Norman," "it was freezing," "I mean it was like snow everywhere, wanted the top to be open while we were driving so they could take photographs, so the oil derricks and the big things all around Chicago, so they all direct the big things all around Chicago" "going into the city." "It was a worthy idea, that they'd start a partnership one day was born but it was started punishing one day it was born," "Having been inspired initially by American architects," "Foster has that then returned later in his career to remind Americans of lessons, that they gave the world originally but then subsequently forgot." "So he's like many people of his generation, someone who admired America perhaps more than it deserved at that time, because... and it's a kind of more enthusiastic about America than the Americans are of themselves," "because Americans isn't quite... or maybe Foster image it to be at romantic vision of American." "Just going back, it's Manhattan," "It's New York," "It's the skyline," "It's a city of towers." "You think your skyscrapers, you know, it's New York." "The good news is that we have a tower in New York, the bad news is that it's a very very small tower, almost the most extraordinary collection of mega towers." "And how did you make this tower have presence, when it's physically so small." "*Scale in the way is samething size, scale is a quantity of somewhat abstract proportions, it has, it bears a relationship at one level, to the body but it bears a bigger relationship to the imagination." "The way if you like, the pyramid in Egypt do, they remain, whenever you do, you walk up them, you walk around them, they remain the same scale they are, which is somehow bigger than we really are." "When Hearts building was finished," "I call Foster, the Mozart of Modernism." "Is I thought that conveyed the way of his work seens, so the miracle, elegant and effortless," "and just as we know that it's a huge effort behind all of that, but part of his genius, was to produce this finish piece of music." "They didn't show the effort, *he just seen it dance perfectly through the air." "well, Foster's building tend to do that, they don't show the effort." "The diagram triangulation, not only produces something which is inherently stronger." "*we can go back in terms of, *the bottomless full of bones ?" "in those, and aircraft the late 30s, structure the nature creature, and triangulated." "inherently stronger using 20% less steel, a good start in terms of the susteinblity story, especially when 80% of that is recycled steel." "The Hearts tower is set as green as possible but magically, it also manages to come up a new geometry, that no New York skyscraper had ever tried before, the coolness looks as if they dissolved into thin air" "the core looked as desorbing to thin air." "I like the building in New York," "I like told him that, and he said it was too squat, and I said, no, that's wrong." "I think the muscularity of that building, I like." "I think it's a very good building." "The trouble with so much sculpture is the larger it gets the worse it gets, and I think the architects understand how when something is put outside in the open air, it changes, the air eats into it," "that has to be richer, *and it has to be altogether the different, and I think all these things we had even got the first base on architectures." "no worried about it." "So we can learn from this," "I fascinated by the work of artist." "and relationship, between space, work and art." "The synergy between... you know, the painting, the sculpture, the furniture, the way those come together, which is kind of endless personal persuit." "Give my love of water, *and stones, and mud, and raw materials, and also the fact that like the first time, *human habitation, the first natural place, for people to live in caves," "*you know, and Norman has chosen Neolithic artists to make his wipe" "Norman would stay in American, he was happy there, he felt home there, he had a job in San Francisco, but he kept in touch with Richard Rogers, and a idea form a pracitise in London came up," "and Richard got a project," "Norman joined him, he could always go back if it didn't work." "so Norman go back on plane, and flew back to Europe, to discover the Team 4 wasn't exactly the big professional office." "It was actually Norman and Wendy's flat, it was in a house, you know, in Hampstead Hill Gardens." "I never forget it." "And they used to have to reorganize the flat every morning to turn it from a flat into an office, of course if you have a the claim to see them, you know, they have to do all sorts of things, you know..." "I remember that they had this enormous white wooden box that covered the bed, and they used to put models on the box, you know... so look like a sort of display unit, *it really was a *scream," "Team 4 was where Foster meet his first wife Wendy, they work with Richard Rogers and his first wife Sue, *and also George Watt* Wendy sister." "it was a short lived partnership that lasted only three years." "Their first big job was the Reliance Control Factory just outside Swindon, which was the first british hi-tech building." "The Reliance Control was the first really successful building, in terms that, it won the Financial Times Award, and we thought:" ""We've made it!"" "and inquiry got something I had to clean the floor in the factory, but I, that didn't rude me." "It was the extraordinary time, almost like a pop group in the way, where all the things that brought these individuals together eventually," "had the seeds of the things, that would provoke them to go in their own directions, in a relatively short period afterwards." "Team 4 split up and it's time for new start," "Norman and Wendy decided to stay in london, and together, they form Foster's Associates." "If I think back to 1967, then really Foster + Partners was formed rather, it was at that time 2 people." "My late wife Wendy and I, who formed Foster Associates." "There only two problems, first of all, we had no work, *and no *associates." "Without the connections that architects need to get their first jobs, the one area which Norman thought him might get a foretold, was by going into the uncharted territory of industry architecture." "The Oleson building was first serious thing Foster built on his own." "In those days," "Britain was still divided between the workers and managers, they had separate entrances and facilities." "Oleson stood out because it was trying to give the workers something which is good as everyone else had, you could say it was a socially utopian project." "The project for Fred Oleson became a turning point, in a sense that building like Willis Faber, IBM, the Sainsbury Centre," "all visited that building we did for Fred Oleson." "The Willis Faber Office building in Ipswich looked a lot like a giant black glass grand piano." "Foster took a radical approach to everything about it, how it looked, how it worked, the techniques to build it, *the comfort its offer users, it's reduce energy use." "How do you give *glamour to an office building?" "And in Willies Faber we sought to create a lifestyle, so we had swimming pool, in the town which that time, didn't ever public swimming pool," "It had an atrium, it had plants, and part of that was the color, and the shinny ceiling, which was a response in a way from some lessons, that I learnt on the Oleson building." "I remember the first time walking up the stair way, and seen this ceiling and thinking," "My God what happened?" "my portfolio is white ceiling, of course, but it isn't white ceiling, *it was just sucking, the color." "*So this ceiling was very *sattle, you know, my extraordinary," "*I remember first time ever, looking back, waking my shapen thing on these brightness, in front is, that's white, because it's all consist of bubble." "and how many bubble you're looking at in front of looking at fantastic is bubble," "they come in this way, look, look at this white, they are all those bubbles, beautiful beautiful bubble, everyone of them." "I say, I have been taught in school, not be able to design, cause bubble is a sphere, *you have to use time." "Buckminster Fuller was last American eccentric geniuses." "A messianic, *even slightly old figure, *who *ruled the world is bowl tie giving speech to his students, *but never* to went on for at least 5 hours." "Foster jump to the chance to work with Fuller, and to began a conversion, they never stop until the day Fuller died." "Fuller's big idea is to do more with less, to make strong structures, *hit?" "the amount of resourses." "he was a engineer, an architect, *a ecologist who defined in any label." "in 1951, *he kind of freeze spaceship of earth, *the very image of humanity floating on the ?" "of vessel, lost in the middle of space." "I remember flying him into a helicopter, to the Sainsbury Centre, the university of East Anglia, and we spend really quite a long time walking around the building, then going back to the building, through this spaces," "talking about it." "When came back to the restaurant, he draw a attention, to the way the sun had moved, shadows has changed, then he turn around to me and said, how much does your building weigh?" "Norman of course, I didn't know the answer." "How much does your building weigh?" "and even Norman is stunning to silence, *but been Norman a week later, he had the answer," "5,328 tons, most of which was lost in invisible concrete substructure," "Of course I find out how much the building weigh, cause I realize the disproportion amount of weigh are the least attractive part of the building." "*I was interesting voyage of discovery." "So in the way Bucky was always provoking, provoking himself, challenging himself, and challenging everybody around him." "Some people will say Fuller is a impossible dreamer, with wild ideas that covering Manhattan with a dome." "At one level," "*Norman seemed so different," "*He's an architect who seems to be the *personification, the organized, and ordered, *and it's clear that Fuller are made real mark on Norman, and I think the difference is when Norman talk about cover the city with a dome," "he believe he could do it." "Technology is the auto making thing, high technology is performance, and this particular material is a high performance material." "Norman Foster 1980" "A 3 ft brick wall, it weigh about 0.5 ton, *a concrete wall, 9 inchs, air coverty, or 3 brick walls with that gas between, except that concrete has so many over tons." "I mean it's really a unpleasant material," "*I mean you know,it stains* in the wet, *it attracts graffiti...and no wonder, t's an aggressive material, this is sandwich panel, nice and light, weighs about a few ounces," "not half a ton, let the light through, very beautifully, compare the the concrete wall, half a ton brick works, they all the same performance." "The Sainsbury Centre is the vision for another planet *astounding optimistic view of architecture could be it was like a elegant and fined machine, that had the classical precision of a Greek temple, sitting in the green landscape." "It was built to house the art collection of Robert and Lisa Sainsbury, *two remarkable patrons*, who helped Foster's career possible," "The really good building come out a strong dialogue between the architect and clients, and the more pressure the clients puts on the architect in a creative way," "I think the better the product." "The work for Norman and the team did with the same result of Sainsbury Centre, *was nearly* particular go into every issue, and I think it chose an product." "The Sainsbury to Foster, developed a close person relationship, they became something like the son and parents." "Finishing 1978, Robinson recall the centre, the finest thing of his collection." "If you could put the Sainsbury Centre next to HSBC, the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank in Hong Kong," "you'll the difference between a glider and a jambo jet," "they both about forms of flight, about new ways of dealing with materials." "The massive expose structure, the dino breaths, the bridge structures in HSBC make it a weity building, *one is sawing?" "into the sky." "It's powerful, it's dynamic, with the Sainsbury Centre, it's calm and floating." "It's the first time that anybody outside American, made the skyscraper that look like wasn't the copy of American origingnal." "Everthing has to bought into Hong Kong, they don't build building's materials, the skills, the expertise, the storey board has always bought into outside." "but in our project we are very much encourage to try to find whatever was the best and most appropriate throughout the whole world so we went off to America, Japan, and Europe, everywhere to try bring the best things at that moment in time for the project." "What it taught us, really, was there is a big world out there." "Norman went back to first principles, deconstruct the skyscraper, made his own rules." "He put the structure outside, *and move the critism?" "markables spaces." "It was beautifully building, and was a landmark, became into international recognized, the symbol for the bank, and its commitment to Hong Kong before hand over to China." "We never done a tall building before, so we were hungry for the opportunity, *we also borrowed from up to the * and we were taken massive risks, and I suppose the way you always taking risks," "then we were gambling if you like with the bank, the sense that if we not won that competition, we probably wouldn't be having this conversion now, *we would had gone bankrupt." "*Norman had come long way buy the time to finish the bank, he tranformed his life, he become very successful, very visble architect, he had built the astonishing project in Hong Kong, which the world came to see." "It was called the most expensive building the world ever seen, *he looked at the top of his game, but just when things going so well, some bad thing began to happen, the financial position of the practice" "was seriously weakened with the end of the monthly fee, coming from Hong Kong to pay the overheads, *that is very series black friday, he had to let people go, and he began to worry even about being able to survive." "And about the same time," "Wendy,who been so important to make the practise work, became sick, she had cancer, she died." "It was a terrible time, what can seen absolutely tragic and devastating at the time." "It still obviously has a tragic dimension, if many years later, you look back on it, but on the other hand, life has moved on, we've all moved on, um...and you have a better measure... of satisfaction," "of friendship, of love... of... whatever." "Many times." "I think I need the silence, and it's not an escape, it's a kind of complementary activity." "A time that is so completely absorbing, but there are other times, when you're cross country skiing, when you're cycling, you can reflect and often I find solutions to designs." "There are many dimensions to those pursuits, obviously there about pleasure, but they are so inextricably linked with what I do as a designer." "[Mclaren Technology Centre UK 2004]" "[Petronas University of Technology Malaysia 2004]" "[Millennium Bridge London 2000]" "[The Sage Gateshead UK 2004]" "*Foster has became *placeless, to quite extraordinary stand." "Russian's bankruptcy, had over shadow many architect's careers." "So once Foster had the chance to work outside of Britain, he saw the doing the global practise is the key to survival." "Downturns on one continent, can be compensated for by booms on another, the expreience of working on world-wide scale, has transform Foster and his work." "You can see now that there's a certain level of impatience with the way the old Europe does things, he wants to bring home what he is learned." "The approach is always to... to go there, *until experience it, until leave it, until...ur.." "If it's people you live with the people, you know, you take your own, human, cameras, they were... and there is no substitute for that." "You know, Norman's always taught us that that you must do it, which one of the reasons was why he is always the first one on the sites." "[Foster + Partners Headquarters London]" "It's not the building, and it's not the physicality of a studio, it's the philosophy, the way in which beyond my lifespan, that will move on, and have its own life," "that I think is the most difficult designable, *and one I was miss *proud of." "*It is belief in the use, *in the energy of use, the optimization of use, and the end the ultimate?" "test is, do you continue to attract the greatest young talent?" "and wonderfully, the average age of company is the same now, as it was when we were 2 or 3 people in 1967, still early 30, 32." "It through in the deepen, and I think that was very interesting about this place, is how they integrate even to the process, and everyone becomes a part of that process, because the days, all of the projects," "they're always a journey, start very... *you know, about the brief and client, there's never a stylistic, goes and comes from Norman," "He doesn't say: "It should look like this, and we develop it for the next."" "Yes, it's a whole journey, it's constantly changing and developing." "As a team, *we've reinvented the genre, we've reinvented the airport, we've reinvented the nature of the high rise building, we reinvented the relationship of the old and new." "In terms of...you know, how you create a new life-cycle for a historic building, keeping the best of its identity from the past, and perhaps all of us in one where another, we invent ourselves in terms of changing circumstances," "or from experience or knowledge or feeding off new challenges." "Architecture is also about power, it creates the landmarks that the culture in very different kinds throughout hishistory, to express who and what they are." "Where is you know the Golden gate or the Sydney harbour, the bridge become the symbol of the place, transcends the original function, that not the sense of that thing, that the way in which the Reichstag." "For example, *which is very much about creating the democratic form room*, for the reunified Germany, has not become the symbol of the city, but it is become the symbol of the nation." "The capture of the Reichstag at end of World War II, was a define image of Hitler's defeat." "Its reconstruction by british architect was recreate poweful symbol of reunification the very different democratic Germany." "radio has just announced that Hitler is dead" "Foster original proposal for the Reichstag was much large structure, a giant roof through directly across the top of what was left the original building, *in a kind of *exotism of Germany's torch past." "It was too expensive, *and it is asked something smaller, and lot of cheaper, they also demand a symbolic memory at the dome been destryed by the war." "I remember the same, there is no way I'm going to be a party to recreating a symbol," "that was of the empire past which was the symbol of authoritarian." "You know, the kinds of calls the government, *as when it felt necessary, and instead, we propose something that would work with the econogy of the building, *would work when school pair?" "would actually draw sun in, would have shade, and would also have celebrate the kind of precisional rule to the summit, for the many visitors, *who would come to the cook* land*" "the question for Foster is, *do they still a damage?" "do you take what's left the old building make it new again?" "Or do show what's happened to the building?" "Do show its history?" "Do you keeping Russian soldiers sometimes obsim message writing on the stone?" "In Foster's view, of course you do, this is part of German history, you can't just wipe these things out." "Daddy!" "Yep" "*Where do we ***" "Yeah..." "But we need... um..." "Um... is this really hot water?" "They actually very very hot?" "*Does it scald?" "It's so hot." "Let's see..." "Because I let it, like, three minutes." "Really?" "going" "You think it's pretty hot?" "Yeah, because I let it three minutes going." "Right" "To take the glass." "Okay,can you put it into here?" "The water?" "Yeah" "All of it?" "Hmm" "For what is this?" "To fill the boiler to put this out?" "It's full, I think we can say, categorically, more than full." "Okay, put this one down here." "No, no, we need to put some fuel in there." "And what fuel?" "It says the maximum three pieces." "Starting to smell, Hope it doesn't explode in our face." "Why's..." "How can it explode?" "Little bit of experimentation is needed here." "it's getting hot (Hiss)" "You can start to smell it" "Can you..." "I think the oil." "Hey..." "Try one...try with that!" "Ooo!" "What was that" "Hey!" "Hey!" "Let's go!" "Yey!" "Mummy!" "Let it build up some steam, because it'll do the..." "Can we shake it?" "It's fantastic!" "look at that!" "Ever since he was a child," "*Norman was been fascinated by models," "he makes them, he collects them, in his house, *he has shelve and shelve * models aircraft and cars." "And even architect became more and more digital design process, model is the key part of its practise." "As the computer start come into the office, everybody is use computers now," "you start wonder whether the model shop will have the future, and we have the same people in the model shop wonder how we use models." "What's interesting, we can do incredibly convincing renderings, computer renderings what's space might be like, we finding or using more models on than ever before." "Models provide physical, three Dimensional crystallizations of design, *they provide tangible step in the process of making idea into reality." "[Great Court British Museum London, 2000]" "For Norman, it's not simply about seen how building look, it's mean to understanding full architecture experience or be," "*I believe that the infrastructure of spaces, connections, the public demay*, *and the kind of urban glue by the buildings together, is more important than anyone one building." "[Trafalgar Square Redevelopment London, 2003]" "Also perhaps you know trying to reinvent concepts like an airport," "in such a way the experiences the airport will be up lifting, *we are rarely an airport is going to pointing tons of crowd, security and so on, *that is a kind of revile?" "the building type." "[Stansted Airport] UK,1991" "If Hong Kong marked point of departure evolution of skyscraper," "Stansted began a new face of airport design." "At Stansted the terminal was turned up side down, burying the machinery underground, and move that transformed the rooftop into a giant umbrella, *liberating traveler from the claustrophobic labyrinth of the traditional departure lounge." "The Stansted break through to go step further, the more find to Chek Lap Kok Airport in Hong Kong." "In China's Olympic year Foster is approach to Airport design, even further with Beijing Terminal 3." "I think this place going to be a viewing platform." "Well, well, well." "You can see, you can see the entire building." "Look, all of it." "For the first time." "You can see the aircraft here." "*You can see people getting on, getting off*" "Incredible." "*In here, I just see 40 aircraft on the site all my mind up*" "You can see the whole..." "I finally got the diagram, hahah" "You see whole thing here." "The airport is the modern city gate, a symbolic national front door, reflecting the aspiration of culture, *but *goetiating the terminals is a stressful, anxious exprience for most passengers." "A good airport is the one easy to understand, once it allow the move through it without having to ask directions or look for signs, it celebrate?" "travel or make the journey more deal" "If you can see the aircraft, the run away, and sky beyond, you have natural orientation." "It is a privilege to have that Airport in Beijing." "It is the best I've ever seen." "When I go through, I look up and the natural light fills the space and I find thar often, there is no need for artificial light" "It's an enclosed building but it's very soft and comfortable and the natural light makes you feel as if you're outdoors" "As an Artist, that's something that really touches me" "China wants the building make a strong statement about country's new place in the world." "It's the largest building on the planet." "Its architectural language is both contemporary and rooted in Chinese culture." "*This geometry of the roof is like a knowledge of kind of crouching lying dragon." "It's very modest?" "looking, but once you get inside is completely overwhelming, completely the opposite of this base on you, what you imagine." "Building Beijing new Airport in just 4 years, was an astonishing achievement." "Only make possible by highly organized 50,000 strong workforce, they live on the site, working 3 non-stop shift around the clock, *at one point, they were hundred tons cranes on the site." "*I remember doing the competitions for the terminal 5, by the Heathrow and we didn't win." "A year and half later, we did the competition for Chek Lap Kok Airport in Hong Kong," "we won that competition." "I went out, we build the buildings, the building operated for 7 years before Terminal 5 still opened, so, that's how long things take in UK." "We now have a tremendous amount to learn, *from the best of those emerging?" "economics, and way in which they're thingking big, thinking strategically, *taking booting?" "initial tips." "um...a example is, *in a way almost so obvious, *just wonder why take so long for the penetrate to drop." "Realzing huge complex project on the most difficult circumstances isn't a achievement, *does not come without a cost." "When Norman started, *25 people was considered big, *before the critical crunch?" "Foster + Partner reach 1,400, its critical say, *been big, might * for more good buildings, but not so many brilliant ones." "for Foster, big office is a tool, *it gives the resource of to play a part in the keys you facing a architect today, shaping the future of city." "For the first time in history, the planet has become majority urban, and challenge from ambitious architect is go on been relevant in the face such as massive change, working in the skuller?" "of individual building, doesn't seen enough to make difference." "Man for thousands of years, has actually live of harmony of nature, it is just last hundreds of years, or maybe 150 years, when you have this incredible organization taking place." "the farmer was very happy he will be working on this field, he will producted the food and feed his family, a very sustainable circle." "If all farmers suddenly move into the city, then he have a problem, and why, why is it happen?" "because this guy, will earn public three times a much by selling peanuts of the traffic light, and he will buy working in the fields." "*And *remote history, and that's why the landscape, many of cities will be in starting together, show so much of the informal street vendors, people who have to a sort of adapt and respond." "and problem is, how you feed all of these people?" "and how do you feed the energy with food, with all the stuff they need, gas, electricity, the way they move around, the cars, in a sustainable way." "We all have dreams come from television, program, we got all these you know," "*nice people poor, happy children, long drive way, if this is what you want, this is what you going to get." "In the west, industry revolution took 200 years," "in China, this change will take place just in few decades." "So architects must not only plan cities, *to dress the way mankind making the planet ?" ", they need do it quickly." "Masdar City Abu Dhabi, is a attempt to show how that might be done, in the 50 degree the desert heat." "it's a huge ambitious plan, for carbon neutral city on the hundred thousand people." "It is the actually the idea of create a silicon valley of clean tech, and as in silicon valley, the sea is the university, where you got the new knowledge, the new reserch, and then, company set around and benefit from the reserch." "Masdar combine homes with jobs, it would generate its own power, and treated its own waste, and material method used to construction into maximize recycling, and minimumize carbon foot prints." "But at first glance, the projects seems like something from a science fiction comic Norman read as a boy, but much of these based on very traditional ideas that were, abandoned or forgotten with the advent of cheap fossil fuels." "*Movement in city will rely on a network of driverless electric vehicles, *guided by invisible sensors, running across the city at ground level, while pedestrians walk on a deck above." "If vehicles are going to become more efficient and driverless, and they're going to follow networks they're going to be programmable," "Then you'd have to separate them from the human, because the human are unpredictable, and that's why the city is lifted, and that's going to be revolutionary for transportation." "Put 50 billion dollars into focusing on a Centre for renewable technologies, *and spend oil and money which is that ?" "on it, you know with the foresight, thinking 20, 30 year down the line is unbelievable," "um...while we doing that." "will Masdar will be first carbon neutral city in the world?" "We don't know yet, if it works, it's a huge achievement, if it fails, it's a horric?" "failure." "If we achieve zero waste, zero carbon, then that will be the kind of a miracle." "The tragedy is that given the urgency of the situation," "given what is at stake, which is literally a survival of the species." "*The thing I find in * is there is only one Masdar?" "You know, if there were 20 urban experimentation, in terms of 20 cities happening around the planet now, *one would be very very equivalent say why only 20?" "That is the shocking thing that is unbelievable." "The big issue in terms of calculating all these altogether, can only be the political initiative, and I think the probably have to get almost to the point absolutely desperation, before everybody is forced to get the act together," "*and then I *argulize?" "in question will be, did everybody wakeup in time or do they wakeup too late." "Norman's early careers is honeymoon, a lot of favor critics, because he produced work, which is photogenic, very fresh, very successful, *and of course, always comes a moment when someone has to say:" "well, just a minute, have we seen this before?" "it is becoming over exposed?" "*maybe it's *trailing water, *maybe this is becoming self-parody, maybe a world end to end covered in fostrism." "It's not such a great idea." "*it's not what you reading in the presses, not about the word, is not about somebody saying 'welldone', um...sometimes, somebody will say," "nice things about something you done." "In truth, you don't really think, you deserve it, other times, you don't win the competition, or you get a bad review, you know yourself," "if you done justice, it really doesn't matter." "Of cource we all love pride, so we were all honorable in that sense," "we all human," "* *when Norman?" "in 70s, doing pushing himself to the extreme cross country marathon." "It's painful to do it, once he is wearing the wrong kind of gloves, and it got Foster bite, it took him 7 month to recover, but he did it again the year after, and year after that." "It hurts, it also the very isolated thing to do, yes you surround by other people in the marathon, which alone in physical determination, you have to finish." "*I supposed that I until relative recently being inmul** from **honors," "so the idea in the hospital or drugs or operations was a alien concept." "Ten years ago," "I was diagnosised with cancer, that is pretty horrific, that was probably the worst moment of my life," "um...one of the worst." "um..." "I remember struggling through the idea, struggling through the 48 hours, *before I was can rush to hospital" "I remember been told that time, but I was fortunately because it could be a heart attack, *little was know that 2 years later, I have a heart attack." "And thing perhaps really was important to me, was the idea the end of 6 month." "I was still able to be trained for the cross contry skiing marathon, and I was told by the docto, forget it, you never do it in 6 month, you have relax, and take longer." "The reality was I did to the day in 6 month, so I think that some ways a state of denial, is perharps the time helpful." "Having survive in the operation, the chemotherapy," "I remember the marathon afterwards, then shortly after that," "I had check, and I remember coming back in a car for the airport, and wondering why the doctor have called the middle results of the check." "So I called the doctor, we stop the car," "I got out, and he said:" "I got bad new for you, and I remember saying, you know, what is that mean tell me the truth and he say you got maximum 3 month to live, that I think was the worst moment ever." "Likes the many other challenges," "Norman came through that health crisis, the constant thing about Norman is he will not stop, he will not get himself beaten down by things, he always pick himself up, he will always start again," "and there are always another turn in Foster's story." "Everything is a fresh start," "I'd love to do every project that I have looked at, *and have a second *biteitive, because you can always go one step further, and if you can't go one step further, *that means you haven't learnt from what you've done before," "and you're not sharp, then, it's time to say stop and do something else."