"martinsmith:" "An earthquake" "Of magnitude 7.0 is apparently" "Not unusual." "Every year, there are more than" "A dozen worldwide." "Most pass unnoticed, and usually" "Without much harm." "What happened this year in haiti" "Was different." "( screaming )" "outside!" "Go!" "Go!" "Go!" "theworldis comingtoan" "End!" "( screaming ) thefirstthingIsawwasthe" "Dust." "The dust and then the sound of" "People really crying, crying" "Out, "help," and in creole," ""au secours!" "Anmwéé!" "I said, "my god, it's bad."" "Apocalypse." "Apocalypse." "All the ministers down, school," "Hospital, private house." "Incredible, unimaginable." "There were a lot of bodies all" "Around, a lot of injured people" "Everywhere, people crying." "And a lot of people running in" "All directions." "thepopulationwascryingand" "Yelling." "( wailing ) theydidn'tknowwhat..." "What to do in this kind of" "Situation, and I was, like, you" "Know, what to do to help them." "Nothing we can do." "smith:" "Thequakestruckat" "The heart of a desperately poor" "And vulnerable country." "An estimated one in ten people" "In haiti's capital," "Port-au-prince, had died." "thecorpsesliterally" "Littered the streets." "Just thousands upon thousands of" "Corpses that people who had" "Died, either outside their homes" "Or inside their homes, and their" "Family had put them out to be" "Picked up." "smith:" "Thewoundedhad" "Nowhere to go." "Outside one of the few hospitals" "Still standing, a man sat beside" "Two dead children." "thisisaveryemotional" "Scene here." "There are many more bodies, many" "More bodies." "There are many more bodies just" "Laying by the side of the road." "And there are people looking" "Over the top to see if this is" "Where the doctors without" "Borders operates." "whenwearrivedatthis" "Hospital, chaos outside of the" "Gates." "People really trying to get into" "The hospital, but the hospital" "Was already full." "And, of course, no one was in" "The buildings because they were" "Structurally unsound." "There was people lying in the" "Courtyard with the most horrific" "Injuries that I've ever seen." "You know, I don't consider" "Myself to be squeamish at all," "Being in medicine and, you know," "This is enough to even stop the" "Most seasoned veteran in his or" "Her tracks." "smith:" "Atthemainhospital," "Hundreds of bodies were dumped" "Out in the open." "Inside, amputations went forward" "Without anesthesia." "I'vewalkedintothe hospital" "Now, and there are injured" "People lying all around, a" "Handful of doctors trying to" "Treat them." "Head injuries, people with" "Broken legs, and, amongst them," "Those who were brought here" "Injured and who have since died." "( screaming ) smith:" "Withtheairportin" "Port-au-prince closed to all but" "Humanitarian flights, we landed" "In neighboring dominican" "Republic and drove to the" "Border." "( horns honking )" "Crowds of haitians were" "Struggling to get out of the" "Country." "As we entered port-au-prince," "Haitians were just beginning to" "Grasp what had happened." "The images had been widely" "Broadcast, but to see it" "Firsthand was altogether" "Different." "Schools, hospitals, hotels," "Office buildings, homes" "Completely demolished." "People who live and work here" "Suddenly found themselves in a" "Strange land." "Iwasjustastounded,you" "Know, by seeing places where I" "Had often gone, places that I" "Knew well as landmarks." "You know, in haiti, very few" "People know the names of" "Streets, but they'll direct you:" ""you turn left at the pink" "Building."" "And those landmarks gone, and" "Just buildings completely" "Pancaked." "Igoallaroundthetown." "I wonder if there was not a war" "In the town." "I imagine, "wow, what's" "Happened?" "Did they..." "Did they..." "They were bombed on this town or" "What?"" "smith:" "Thequakehad also" "Decimated an already weak and" "Inefficient government, wiping" "Out 11 ministries and the" "Parliament." "Even the national palace, an" "Enduring symbol to all haitians," "Had collapsed." "itwaslikeifa city like" "Washington, d.C., woke up and" "The white house is flattened," "The congress is flattened." "Fbi, cia, the banks, all the" "Banks, the..." "All the" "Communications..." "Communication" "System, flattened." "youseethat?" "smith:" "Yeah,thereisa" "Whole body over there." "The world had watched hours of" "Dramatic rescues on television," "But the truth was, only a very" "Small fraction of those caught" "In the rubble survived-- fewer" "Than 150 people." "Many tens of thousands were" "Buried." "Here, men were looking for" "Bodies in a collapsed school." "smith:90%of port-au" "Prince's schools were either" "Damaged or destroyed." "With the city in ruins," "Makeshift camps appeared" "Everywhere." "Every soccer field, public" "Square and parking lot in the" "Capital was overrun." "Over one million people-- half" "The population of" "Port-au-prince-- were now" "Homeless." "smith:" "Asreporters,wewere" "Constantly challenged." "How were we supposed to respond" "In the face of such overpowering" "Desperation?" "smith:" "Wemetemmanuel,who" "Was trying to organize this" "Camp." "He explained how the young and" "Able went out to search for" "Food." "Some of the young men go and" "Find food, and then share it" "With the camp?" "withthecamp." "smith:" "Yeah." "butit's,like,it'snot" "Enough." "You know, they just go downtown" "To see what they can get," "Sometimes they come back here," "They don't get nothing." "smith:" "Downtown,in whatused" "To be the capital's main" "Shopping district, we came" "Across hundreds of people in" "Search of food, or anything" "Worth trading." "Supermarkets, bakeries, hardware" "Stores-- all were ransacked." "It was an organized collective" "Effort in some places; a" "Free-for-all in others." "The policeman standing by was" "Powerless to do anything but" "Shoot into the air." "( gunshots )" "What were the orders to your" "Men?" "wearenotgoingtoshoot at" "People who are trying to find" "Something to eat." "You see what I mean?" "smith:" "Withthepoliceunable" "To control the crowds, shop" "Owners emptied their stores, or" "Took matters into their own" "Hands." "We were told this man had been" "Executed for stealing." "His feet were still bound." "In the chaos, we came across" "Many disturbing scenes." "We found this man dumped in" "Front of a police station." "smith:" "Itwasn'tclearwhat" "Had happened, except that he had" "Been lying here for five hours." "We gave him water but he poured" "Most of it on the ground." "A bystander said he was making" "Voodoo signs to ward off evil." "smith:" "Thenextmorning,we" "Were crossing town in an" "Ambulance." "wewantto makesurewecover" "Her nose to help with the dust," "Okay?" "okay." "putsomethingoverher nose." "smith:" "Witletmaceno,a" "Haitian-american nurse volunteer" "From new york, was ferrying a" "Pregnant woman from a camp" "Clinic to the general hospital." "let'sgettherequickly,but" "Be careful with the bumps." "smith:" "Shewaslosingalot" "Of blood." "let'sjusthopewegetthere" "Safely, we get the transfusion" "Going, and hopefully we can save" "Her and the baby." "That would make me very happy." "smith:" "Thegeneralhospital" "Had become the city's main er." "It looked more like a refugee" "Camp than a medical center." "The injuries were severe." "Several hundred people had" "Undergone amputations." "Many were done with a simple" "Hacksaw." "itwasnotaplaceIwould" "Call a hospital." "You had patients that had" "Dressings that was not changed" "Since probably the quake" "Happened, the day it happened." "Maggots were coming out some of" "Them." "I mean, it..." "It was definitely" "Crazy." "( crying )" "Even getting yo@bwut off," "We had no pain killers to give" "You except for aspirin or" "Motrin." "How do you take care of someone" "Whose main issue is pain after" "They get their leg cut off, and" "You have nothing to alleviate" "That pain?" "smith:" "Onthemorningwewere" "There, aftershocks had rattled" "Nerves." "Fearing the hospital would" "Collapse, patients demanded to" "Be taken outdoors." "They now lay in stifling heat." "movethis,movethis!" "smith:" "Macenohadbroughthis" "Patient here for a blood" "Transfusion." "shewaslosingblood." "If she did not have blood the" "Next hour or two, she was going" "To die along with the baby." "Keep in mind we are dealing with" "A six-months pregnant woman." "So it's a whole different issue" "As to how you go about doing" "That." "Went to the swiss, the swiss had" "No blood." "We went to some different" "Groups, they had no blood." "And I went directly to hospital" "Administration office and said," ""well, where can we find some" "Blood?"" "I thought they'd have blood." ""we don't have any blood."" "I'm going to check with the red" "Cross to see if they have" "Anything now, cause they don't" "Have anything." "smith:" "Noblood?" "nobloodrightnow ." "smith:" "Noblood." "noblood." "Chaotic." "We just run, run in circles," "Find out that the haitian red" "Cross that was actually not too" "Far from where she was, had" "Blood." "You are wonderful!" "None of the doctors and all the" "People out here knows that they" "Have blood right there." "This is ridiculous." "smith:" "Macenosaidthiswas" "One of his few success stories." "Too often the needed supplies" "Don't arrive." "It was impossible to understand" "The scale of the disaster and to" "Imagine the enormous challenge" "Of distributing whatever aid was" "Available." "And for people on the ground," "There was no way to know if any" "Help was on the way." "To make matters worse, their" "President, rené préval, refused" "To formally address the nation" "During that first week." "For the most part, he remained" "Out of sight." "hewaspanicked." "Préval was an emotional stress." "Where he was telling his wife," ""can I..." "Should I..." "I think I" "Should say something?" "Well, what can I say?" "You had a feeling that préval" "Did not know what to do." "inthewakeofthe" "Earthquake, haiti's government" "Was almost non-existent to most" "Haitians." "They didn't see it." "They didn't see préval." "They didn't hear him much on the" "Radio." "In a sense, the weak, corrupt" "Haitian government became almost" "The invisible haitian" "Government." "smith:" "Noone,itseemed,was" "Willing to speak." "thechurches,theprivate" "Sector, the university, you" "Know, all the elite of this" "Country." "There was a lot of silence." "smith:" "Thehaitiangovernment" "Had set up a temporary" "Headquarters under some mango" "Trees at a police station near" "The airport." "I asked to speak to the" "President." "I was taken to the prime" "Minister." "There's a lot of anger on the" "Streets-- from ordinary" "Haitians-- about the performance" "Of the government." "I'mprettyamazedthatthere" "Is so..." "That the anger..." "The anger is not greater." "I believe that the people are" "Supporting with a lot of calm," "Of a lot of serenity, the" "Situation they are in." "smith:" "Whyhasn'tthe" "President, particularly, as well" "As yourself, spent more time on" "The streets with people?" "You've said yourself that, "we" "Didn't do a good enough job... yeah." "smith:..." "Ofcommunicating" "With people, of being among the" "People."" "it'sa choice." "There is so much to do." "There is so much to organize." "There is so few people to help" "You to do the job." "And time is a very rare" "Commodity for a government right" "Now." "smith:" "Withthegovernment" "Largely absent, the united" "Nations stepped into the breach" "And tried to set up food" "Distribution." "Here, hundreds gathered outside" "A food depot." "People were growing ever more" "Desperate." "( yelling )" "( horn honking ) smith:" "Astrucksemergedfrom" "The gate, they were swarmed by" "The crowds." "Haitians fought haitians for" "Whatever they could get." "At another distribution point," "People waited for hours in a" "Line that snaked for blocks." "theaidis beginningtoflow" "In more regularly." "The airport here in" "Port-au-prince and another one" "In jacmel are now... smith:" "Andat theend ofthe" "Long wait, water and crackers." "And even those soon ran out." "smith:" "Inthefirstweek ," "Only an eighth of the population" "Had received food and water." "smith:" "Thereasonthattheun" "Had been so slow to respond was" "That they too had been" "Decimated." "They lost their headquarters and 101 people, including the chief" "Of mission and his deputy." "Now in charge was edmond mulet." "thefaultlineofthis" "Earthquake came down from the" "National palace building that" "Was very solid, pure concrete," "Built, I believe, in 1916, and" "Then it went all the way up the" "Hill and hit our headquarters." "Apparently that fault was really" "Underneath our own building." "Even in the worst case scenario," "We always thought we would be" "The first ones to respond." "We never thought that we would" "Be the victims of such a..." "Such a situation too." "smith:" "Theun setupa" "Temporary base near the airport" "And tried to deploy their now" "Limited resources." "Ithinkthatunderthe" "Circumstances, the best has been" "Done, the best we can." "smith:" "Mulet'said" "Coordinator, kim bolduc, first" "Hoped she could rely on supplies" "Stockpiled by the world food" "Program." "therewasenough,like,8,000" "Tons of food, because wfp did" "Not only stockpile for the" "Hurricanes, wfp is a regular" "Food supplier to haiti." "smith:" "Howmanytonsoffood?" "therewas,like,8,000tons" "Of food, but the warehouse had" "Collapsed." "A number of them were damaged." "smith:" "And8,000tonsof" "Food, how many people can that" "Feed for how long?" "itcouldfeedsomethinglike" "A million people for ten days." "smith:" "Withoutanyavailable" "Stocks in country, the un" "Depended on aid streaming in" "From the outside, and on" "Thousands of volunteers joining" "Ngos already based in haiti." "But with the port down and the" "Roads congested, the airport was" "Overwhelmed." "In the first three days, flights" "Were not prioritized." "whowasmakingdecisions" "Initially about who could land" "And who couldn't is unclear to" "Me." "Some of the large organizations," "I think the red cross and" "Others, were not able to get" "Their equipment in at the" "Airport." "smith:" "Itwasamess ." "Television reporters landed" "Before doctors." "Shoes and clothing before" "Bandages." "thisissomethingwhereyou" "Have to take a point of chaos" "And you have to turn it into" "Some kind of order." "smith:" "Whenwe visited,the" "Us army had taken control of the" "Airport but was struggling to" "Establish order." "alotof thiscargowasnot" "Here yesterday, because the" "Process of moving right now." "smith:" "Andwhatishere ?" "youhavefood,you have" "Water, you have logistical" "Supplies." "We have some medical supplies," "So it's all coming in here right" "Now." "smith:" "Evenwhenrelief" "Supplies did arrive, it was hard" "To get them moved out." "In the time we were there, about 90 minutes, only one load of" "Water left the airport." "But instead of going to" "Haitians, it was headed to" "Relief workers at the us" "Embassy." "istheairportstartingto" "Clutter up with goods and" "Materials and products that" "You're not quite sure what to do" "With?" "thisfirstweek,itwasvery" "Urgent to have as many people" "Who could come on the ground and" "Help and assist." "And the coordination of that, of" "Course, is impossible." "And it's not desirable." "smith:" "Inasatellitepress" "Briefing, mulet admitted that in" "The first week, the un" "Deliberately decided not to" "Coordinate aid." "Why not?" "howcanyoucoordinate?" "I mean, the border was open with" "The dominican republic," "Thousands of volunteers coming" "In, airplanes landing." "Imagine if the government or the" "Un, or any other organization," "Had tried to coordinate that." "We would have bureaucratized the" "Whole process, and I think it" "Would not have been effective." "smith:" "Youwouldhave" "Prevented aid from getting" "Through?" "Is that what you're saying?" "wedidn'thavethe capacity" "To really organize the whole" "Thing and it was such goodwill" "And generosity from everywhere," "And I think it would not have" "Been effective." "twodaysafterthe disaster," "Our main priorities remain... smith:" "Muletandhis aid" "Coordinator, bolduc, came in for" "A lot of criticism." "weneedto strengthenthe" "Coordination capacity... smith:" "Thelackof" "Coordination puts you squarely" "In the gun sight really." "I'malwayson thespot." "This is a position that gets all" "This kind of finger pointed." "This is part of the job." "When it's fair, I do accept" "That." "I'm not a superwoman." "Nobody is." "smith:" "Wellintothe second" "Week, shortages prolonged" "Suffering." "At the general hospital's" "Post-operative tent, the" "Situation was distressing." "easy,easy,easy!" "allright,allright." "ow!" "smith:" "Innocentunovalbrunis" "A 16-year old boy." "His mother told me he dreamt of" "Becoming a soccer star." "He lost his foot when he went" "Back into his crumbling home to" "Rescue his sister." "smith:" "Dr.Mitchellschuster" "Of boca raton, florida, was" "Attending his wounds." "allthesepost-oppatients" "Require good pain relief now," "And they all have to start" "Getting sterile techniques," "Which is almost impossible as" "You can see." "smith:" "Doyouhaveenough" "Morphine?" "Do you have enough pain killer?" "no,wedo not." "We have a few doses, but in" "Terms of 24 hour coverage, no." "I'll tell you one thing also." "Nobody has brought these" "Patients any food or water." "We are just hearing rumors" "Coming around that there's food," "There's water on site, but I've" "Seen nobody distribute food or" "Water in here except us." "smith:" "You'retellingmethat" "The food and water that you" "Brought to sustain you and the" "Other doctors is being used for" "The patients." "correct." "smith:" "Andnobodyhas stepped" "Forward to give you... notyet." "smith:..." "Foodto the" "Patients." "again,theremaybeother" "Sites in the hospital that are" "Providing, but at the post-op" "Care, there is no food and water" "At this point." "Josh, check his..." "That he has a" "Pulse, please, down here." "smith:" "Forlackofenough" "Beds, this man, wasting with" "Aids and near death, lay on the" "Ground." "He had been found in the morgue" "Left for dead." "thisisamiraclecase ." "He came in yesterday, basically" "Looking like he had moments or" "Hours to live." "He's now had an amputation." "This was truly a horrific wound." "You saw just two bones in the" "Middle of the leg and a stump of" "Foot and the knee above it, and" "There were flies and maggots." "So this was a guy that really" "Was a dead patient brought back" "To life." "Whether he lives for a week or a" "Year or 10 years or longer than" "Me, I don't know." "smith:" "Noteveryonesurvived" "Surgery." "Did she die?" "yes." "shouldI takehersomewhere?" "takeherto themorgue." "yeah." "smith:" "Themorguehad long" "Run out of space." "Back on the streets of" "Port-au-prince, cleanup was" "Under way." "But in the rubble, more dead." "The bodies were hauled to mass" "Graves just north of town." "The quake's death toll was now" "Well over 200,000." "tothepeopleofhaiti,we" "Say clearly and with conviction," ""you will not be forsaken, you" "Will not be forgotten."" "wearewithyou ." "We will help you to recover and" "Rebuild." "wewillbe heretoday," "Tomorrow, and for the time" "Ahead." "smith:" "Therehavebeenalot" "Promises made about haiti in" "Recent weeks." "But haiti has a history of" "Frustrating reformers, absorbing" "Aid, and resisting change." "For many haitians, their fate" "Rests in the hands of god." "smith:" "Onemorning,we" "Visited a church in the slums of" "La saline." "smith:" "Inhissermon,the" "Preacher described the power of" "The earthquake and of god's" "Wrath, regardless of faith." "smith:" "Butthenhelaid outa" "Vision of what haiti should be." "smith:" "Onceuponatime ," "There was a lush and verdant" "Haiti." "But haiti's story is one of a" "Dream denied." "It's a story that begins 200" "Years ago when haiti was ruled" "By french colonists." "thewealthof haiti,of" "Colonial haiti, was legendary." "It produced half the world's" "Sugar cane." "It produced two-thirds of its" "Coffee." "It contributed more than half" "The foreign exchange of colonial" "France." "There was talk in the 18th" "Century of possibly trading it" "For canada." "It was called the pearl of the" "Antilles." "paulinebonaparte,thesister" "Of napoleon, had her mansion in" "Port-au-prince, just to show you" "That haiti was the center of" "Opulence, the center of power." "( gunshots ) smith:" "Thencamehaiti's" "Defining moment." "thegreateventloomingover" "The history of haiti, in the" "Mind of every haitian alive, is" "The glorious haitian revolution." "The only successful slave revolt" "In history, when, in 1804, a" "Nation of slaves, of 500,000" "Slaves, were able to defeat the" "Superpower of the day," "Napoleonic France, and declare" "Independence." "The only black republic on the" "Face of the globe." "( singing )" "Every haitian knows this story," "Whether they can read or can't" "Read." "Every haitian knows the" "Characters who played the key" "Role, who founded the country." "Every haitian walks in glory to" "Some extent, because they are" "Inheritors of this great slave" "Revolution." "The United States benefited" "Directly from haiti's great" "Triumph." "The revolution quashed" "Napoleon's ambitions for a new" "World empire." "Short of cash, at war with" "Britain, napoleon quickly sold a" "Major swath of France's north" "American territories-- the" "Louisiana purchase." "13stateswestofthe" "Mississippi." "They sold it for $15 million," "Three cents an acre, the biggest" "Real estate deal." "That's what haiti did for the" "United states of america." "smith:" "Thelouisianapurchase" "Doubled the size of the united" "States." "America might have been" "Grateful." "Instead, the us refused to" "Recognize haiti." "itwas"a badexample"for" "Black slaves to rise against" "Their white masters." "So the United States back then" "Slapped an embargo on haiti to" "Bottle us up." "And they did." "And it remained for 60 years." "smith:" "Inthecomingyears," "Haiti would suffer diminishing" "Wealth and political upheaval." "Its mistrust for america would" "Grow." "andthenin 1915,the united" "States marines land in haiti... smith:" "Overthenextcentury," "Haiti would endure 20 years of" "Us occupation, 30 of" "Dictatorship under the" "Duvaliers..." "Ihavebeenelectedfor" "President for life." "smith:..." "Failedattemptsat" "Democracy, military coups, and" "In the '90s another" "Intervention." "themessageof theunited" "States to the haitian dictators" "Is clear." "Leave now, or we will force you" "From power." "( cheers and applause ) smith:" "Presidentclinton's" "Occupation in 1994 deposed a" "Military dictator and reinstated" "A popular president," "Jean-bertrand aristide." "But america's relationship with" "Aristide would sour, first under" "Clinton, then under president" "Bush, when an aid embargo" "Crushed haiti's fragile economy." "If things weren't bad enough" "Already, less than two years" "Ago, haiti was hit by one of the" "Worst series of storms the" "Caribbean had ever seen." "Dr. Paul farmer saw the" "Aftermath first hand." "Iwentto thecityof" "Gonaive, and the city was under" "Water." "There were people walking out" "With bare feet, often, out of" "The city." "There was a whole pilgrimage." "And people were saying, "do you" "Have any water?" "Do you have any water?"" "I said, "this is just nuts." "therewerealmostamillion" "People displaced initially." "The estimate was the damages" "Were close to a billion dollars." "And you didn't have the kind of" "Response that was necessary." "itwasat thatpointthat ban" "Ki-moon, secretary-general of" "The united nations, decided that" "The time had come to do" "Something different." "The term that was used in the" "Un was there was a need for a" "Game changer." "smith:" "Banki-moonturnedto" "America's highest-profile haiti" "Hand." "hesaid,"youknow,wegotto" "Keep interest in this going." "I know you care a lot about" "Haiti." "Would you please agree to be the" "Un envoy?"" "The haitians have been abused by" "Outsiders, neglected by" "Outsiders, helped, but in a" "Paternalistic, ineffective way" "By outsiders." "They've engaged in self-abuse." "They've had all kinds of" "Problems." "And they wanted, finally, to" "Seize control of their own" "Destiny." "billclintonis afairly" "Fascinating figure in the story" "Of haiti." "He and hillary went to haiti in 1975 for their honeymoon." "They have been attached to the" "Country and fascinated by it" "Every since." "And then, of course, president" "Bill clinton occupied haiti." "smith:" "Forclintonitwasa" "Chance to make up for his failed" "Venture." "Haitians welcomed his" "Involvement." "whenbanki-moonnamed" "President clinton as special" "Envoy to haiti, I say, "good."" "Because president clinton has" "The leverage to get things done." "smith:" "Clintonandban" "Ki-moon wanted to get america's" "Attention." "They decided to enlist" "Hollywood." "wemetin southerncalifornia" "And los angeles with a lot of" "People from the movie and music" "Entertainment communities." "And we said, what we really want" "You to do is to help us think of" "Ways to communicate with the" "American people and people" "Around the world to maintain the" "Interest here." "Iknowin my heartthatif" "People back home hear what's" "Going on and could see some of" "These images and some of these" "Things that we've seen, they" "Will help." "smith:" "Banki-moonalso" "Turned to the author of an" "Influential book on the" "Developing world, oxford" "Economist, paul collier." "banki-mooncalledmeinto" "The united nations and said, "go" "To haiti." "See if you can come up with a" "Strategy that the government" "Would find helpful."" "When I went to haiti, I realized" "That actually haiti was a" "Country which abounded in" "Economic opportunities." "smith:" "Colliersawpromisein" "Agriculture, tourism, and" "Especially basic manufacturing." "it'sa verylow-incomearea" "Just off the shore of the" "Biggest market on earth." "So that was a huge opportunity." "therewasnewoptimismin" "Haitian politics, too, under" "President rené préval." "The new secretary of state," "Hillary clinton, ordered a major" "Policy review and addressed a" "Donor's conference where $350" "Million in aid were promised." "thissmallnationisona" "Brink, and it, as well as this" "Region, will be shaped to a" "Large extent by the decisions" "That we make." "donorsdidcommitto" "Reasonable amounts of money." "Not, I think, enough to tackle" "The problem, but reasonable" "Amounts of money." "And bill clinton then realized" "That he could bring in the" "Private sector." "And so, in octoberf 2009, he" "Brought in 200 chief executives" "Of major companies to see the" "Opportunities." "myjobis to mobilizemore" "Interest among global investors" "To get more private sector" "Investment there." "So I said I would do that, and I" "Set about doing it." "We were making fabulous" "Progress." "smith:" "Clintoninviteddr." "Paul farmer to be his deputy." "Idon'twanttosaywewere" "Doing great." "But you couldn't get a hotel" "Room in port-au-prince in the" "Fall of 2009." "It was packed." "There was this buzz going around" "That, you know, there were" "People from all over the world" "Coming to invest in haiti." "smith:" "Thingswereimproving." "In the midst of a worldwide" "Recession, haiti's economy was" "Actually growing." "therewasarealspiritand" "Hope that things were, at last," "Going to improve." "The earthquake really came out" "Of nowhere." "( screaming )" "( crying )" "smith:" "Theearthquakelaid" "Bare the weakness of haiti's" "Political structures." "It also raised serious questions" "About how aid works here and how" "To move forward." "In the past, foreign assistance" "Has gone primarily to ngos." "Per capita, haiti has one of the" "Highest concentrations of ngos" "In the world." "thesenon-governmental" "Organizations were chosen as a" "More efficient way to deliver" "Aid, and also as a way to" "Deliver aid that would be less" "Available for haitian corruption" "Than government-to-government" "Aid." "theconsequenceis the" "Government has withered." "And so you have this situation" "Where haiti is sometimes called" "A republic of ngos because there" "Are about 6,000 ngos that do the" "Work that usually governments do" "In other countries." "And so that's a problem." "thewholesystemis" "Humanitarian." "Those guy don't have to anything" "To eat?" "Let's feed them." "They don't have doctor, give" "Them hospitals." "They don't have medics, let's" "Give them some." "What about what do we do next?" "Okay, you fed us, that's" "Fantastic." "Where are the roads?" "Where is the development of" "Agriculture?" "How can we expect a country of" "Nine million people to feed" "Itself with imports?" "ngoscannotbuildthe" "Infrastructure of haiti." "They cannot build the roads, the" "Electricity, the water system," "And so forth." "So I've been pleading with" "International organizations to" "Work with the haitian" "Government, so that they can not" "Continue to say the government" "Is too weak." "thisisan opportunityto" "Rethink how aid works and how" "We, the most powerful country in" "This part of the world, can work" "With our oldest neighbor." "So, I think all that possibility" "Is built into this tragedy." "smith:" "Farmerhasbeen" "Advocating a new model for" "Years." "His group, zanmi lasante, as" "Partners in health is known in" "Creole, works closely with" "Haiti's ministry of health." "Together they operate a network" "Of clinics and hospitals." "The idea is to create a" "Reservoir of talent and" "Expertise that belongs to haiti." "insteadofsettingupa" "Parallel system, we say, "how" "Can we reinforce the public" "Sector?"" "It is the government's" "Responsibility to deliver to" "Health care to its population." "We see ourselves as buttressing" "That ability." "Helping them in their time of" "Need so that eventually, they" "Can do it themselves." "smith:" "Thisapproachmight" "Work." "The problem is that more ngos" "Will have to give up autonomy," "And the government will have to" "Step forward." "madamsecretary!" "madamsecretary." "smith:" "Atapressconference," "Secretary clinton stood next to" "President rené préval." "I think a lot of people would" "Look at préval and ask this" "Question as to whether or not" "He's a reliable partner." "He's been through three prime" "Ministers in the last two years." "He was largely absent after the" "Quake." "He failed to address his people," "Came in for a lot of criticism." "And on the streets, he is very" "Unpopular at this point." "Is he a reliable partner?" "heisareliablepartner,but" "He is a partner who has very" "Serious challenges when it comes" "To capacity." "smith:" "Whatdo youmeanby" "Capacity?" "well,thathe hasa" "Government and a political" "System and a social structure" "Which is very entrenched in the" "Way it has always done business." "smith:" "Whatclintonis" "Talking about is haiti's" "Entrenched elite, a handful of" "Families who control everything" "From the local economy to many" "Key ministries." "And while préval is not" "Considered corrupt himself, he" "Is weak and many think unlikely" "To survive haiti's fall" "Elections." "Some americans take a look at" "This and say, "look, you know," "We've got our own problems." "We have not rebuilt new" "Orleans."" "andshameon us ." "smith:" "Andnowwe'regoingto" "Take on port-au-prince." "right." "To that I say, because I've had" "This conversation with many" "People, this is not the united" "States coming in and saying," ""oh, let us fix it."" "This is the United States along" "With international organizations" "And countries from France to" "Canada to brazil to japan," "Saying, "we all will play a" "Role."" "Half of..." "Nearly half of all" "American households have" "Contributed to haiti relief." "smith:" "I know." "I hear that stat." "I can't believe it." "isn'tthatstunning?" "smith:" "Well,Idon 'tknow." "Is it true?" "itistrue." "Over $700 million contributed" "From americans to their churches" "Or to other organizations that" "They had confidence in, plus the" "United states has spent many" "Hundreds of million dollars in" "Deploying usaid and deploying" "The military and so much else." "So we are already invested." "And we don't want that" "Investment to go to waste." "We want that investment to" "Realize a positive outcome." "( horn honks ) smith:" "Wewt backtohaiti" "Six weeks after the earthquake." "The disaster was still" "Unfolding." "The number of camps had grown." "Some were small clusters, others" "Vast tent cities." "This one, near the slums of cité" "Soleil, had more than 40,000" "People, and only one toilet per" "Thousand." "thecityformany,many days" "And weeks, really, just had the" "Stench of bodies in the air." "Now the stench has moved from," "Really, the bodies to the stench" "Of the living." "Because people don't really have" "The sanitation and waste kind of" "Management that they need to" "Have." "smith:" "Inthiscamp,wefound" "Emanuel again." "He had succeeded in bringing in" "A project to build more toilets" "For his camp." "thisisthekindoftoilet" "That we have right here." "smith:" "Eachtoiletherewould" "Be shared by only 60." "butnow,we don'tknowwhen" "It's fulled up." "We don't know yet how they're" "Gonna clean it for us, just to" "Remove the waste." "I mean, the poop." "smith:" "Hehadalsowrangleda" "New water supply, a clinic, and" "More tents." "But the big worry for everyone" "Was the coming rains." "nowthisshelter,you know," "They cannot really protect these" "People because it's going to" "Rain a lot." "And it's gonna be start raining" "In may." "wearegoingtogetintothe" "Rainy season." "All the garbage that it drains" "Down to the capital." "That's going to be horrible." "smith:" "It'snotjustgarbage." "The rains will send raw sewage" "Streaming through the camps." "youhavean incredible" "Potential for epidemic disease" "To spring up." "Any type of pathogen that is" "Transmissible, it's going to be" "Magnified and exacerbated" "Tenfold, a hundredfold, a" "Thousandfold." "So it isn't a crisis that is" "Going is going to emerge." "It is a crisis today." "smith:" "Toescapethe camps," "Those that can are furiously" "Rebuilding, working with bits of" "Rubble, to construct new homes." "But they are no sturdier-- or" "Even flimsier-- than what they" "Had before." "smith:" "It'saraceagainst" "The weather, and it seems" "Anything goes for now." "Before we left haiti, on the" "Grounds of a damaged church, we" "Found the boy we met at the" "Hospital a few weeks earlier, 16-year-old innocentuno valbrun" "And his parents." "smith:" "Thevalbrun'shomewas" "Completely destroyed." "Innocentuno's father lost his" "Job." "His mother says she worries" "About her son's future." "smith:" "Tomorrownationswill" "Gather at a donor's conference" "In new york to discuss the way" "Forward in haiti." "there'smoreto exploreon" "Our web site... atthebeginning,itwasthe" "Basics:" "Food, water, clothes." "...Whereyou'llfindtwo" "Video reports on what new" "Economies might emerge from the" "Rubble... here'ssomethingsurprising:" "There's more competition now" "Than before the earthquake." "...Byourpublicmedia" "Partners at npr's "planet" "Money"." "otherpeoplemadetheir" "Living by teaching school," "Working in a government" "Ministry." "Now, the only way to make a" "Living is selling things or" "Services in the camp." "plusgetmorebackgroundon" "Haiti's long struggles and the"