"[♪...]" "[Car engine running...] [♪...]  Man:" "Kabul, Afghanistan, four in the morning." "As an American journalist, I was used to filing stories in the middle of the night." "But there's always something eerie, driving through the deserted streets." "A city of three million, barely a streetlight on. [♪...]" "It was a familiar routine." "Waiting for the crew to light up the night skies so you could see something in the background." "But what could we really see?" "...well, Keith, greetings from Kabul, Afghanistan where the U.S. ambassador" "Karl Eikenberry..." "This is a story about the seen and the unseen." "[♪...] And about things hidden in plain sight." "It's hard to say when the story began." "I'd been working as a war" "reporter for more than a decade in yugoslavia, Iraq and now Afghanistan." "After nearly 10 years, the war here wasn't exactly breaking news." "Man:" "There's,like,eightrakes." "[♪...]" "Wehaven'tbeenout here." "What 's the name of this village out here?" "Ihaveno idea." "Theyall blend in for me." "Yeah." "[♪...]  Narrator:" "What's the focus of your campaign here?" "InSouthernNangarhar,we'redealingwith the Ashkar-- ashkael-- uh, asherkeil tribe." "You know, the wording, I'll get right probably when we leave next year, but uh..." "Narrator:" "Thiswassupposedtobe  the front line in the war on terror." "[♪...] From Kabul, out on an exercise with the military and back to Kabul." "The Afghan press corp was locked in a bubble." "We were told that the battle for hearts and minds was being won as soldiers dug Wells or drank tea with tribal elders." "[♪...] But I knew I was missing the story. [Applause, ♪...] There was another war, hinted at in press conferences and detailed in each morning's press release." "December 14th, zabul province." "A night raid." "Four Taliban killed, three detained for questioning, no civilians injured." "No one at NATO would give us anything more than the lists of nighttime raids." "No one even seemed to know who was doing the raids." "And I wasn't going to find out if I stayed in Kabul." "[♪...]" "[Camera shutter clicks] [Typewriter clacks]  [ln foreign language]" "Sowhatyou'resayingistheAmericanswill come into a district where you're the police" "commander and they won't inform you that they're going to carry out this kind of action in your district?" "[♪...]  So there's the, two men in the guest house were the first" "people killed--  man: [ln foreign language]  Man 2: [ln foreign language]" "[All speaking foreign language]  The farmer from here?" "Man2 :[ lnforeignlanguage]" "Yeah." "Andthenanotherfarmer." "Two,twoof hissons." "Man2 :[ lnforeignlanguage]Two   of his sons, so there's, I think, seven." "Two and two, four." "One farmer, five." "Two is seven." "Mm-hmm." "Man2:[ ln foreign language]  Man 1:" "Eleven." "[♪...]  Man: [ln foreign language]  [ln foreign language]" "[♪...]" "Narrator:" "ThelistofraidsfromNATOpress releases read like a map of a hidden war." "[♪...] The military divided the roads in Afghanistan by color." "Green was safe, red was dangerous, and black?" "Don't even try it." "[♪...] Most of the raids were happening far beyond the green zone, in what the military called "denied areas", places where journalists never show up to ask questions." "NATO, the U.S. embassy and my own better judgment all advised against traveling there, but I'd read about a raid in gardez, half a day's drive in paktia province. [♪...] I pushed as far as I could into" "the gray area, on the fraying edge of NATO's control, past rusting Russian tanks and bombed-out NATO supply convoys." "Two other journalists had been kidnapped on this road and after weeks in the military's armored vehicles, our Toyota felt thin-skinned and fragile." "I knew I had to be back in Kabul before sunset, when the Taliban took control of the roads, but I had no idea how far my visit to gardez would lead me." "[Typewriter clacking] Man:[ lnforeignlanguage]" "Man2 :[ lnforeignlanguage]" "[♪...]" "[Helicopter blades whirr]" "[Gunshots]" "[Speaksforeignlanguage]" "[♪...]  Was Mr. daoud killed immediately or did he live for a" "while after he was shot?" "[Speaksforeignlanguage]" "YousawtheU.S.forcestakethebullets  out of the body?" "[Speaks foreign language]" "[♪...]" "Sohehadjustseen hiswifekilled bythe American forces and then he himself was taken" "prisoner by the Americans." "What was going through his head when they took him?" "[♪...] [Typewriter clacking] [♪...]" "[Typewriter clacking] [♪...]" "Narrator:" "Thefamilyhad noidea  what led the Americans to their home." "[Camera shutter clicks] [Typewriter clacking] they had long fought against the Taliban and daoud was a police commander who'd been through dozens of U.S." "Training programs." "Man:[ lnforeignlanguage]" "Woman:[ lnforeignlanguage]" "Narrator:" "Aswe preparedtoleave, daoud's granddaughter spoke to us." "But only later would I know the meaning of her words." "[Speaksforeignlanguage]" "Daoud'sfamilytoldmeitstime togo." "The sun sets early in the mountains and the night belongs to the Taliban." "[♪...]" "[Gunfire...] Driver:" "[Gunfire]" "Thegunfirecontinuedand twasnowobvious how dangerous, maybe even reckless, the trip" "had been." "[Indistinct voices on computer] NATO wasted no time issuing a report." "They claimed that the women killed in gardez were victims of a Taliban honor killing, bound and gagged by their own murderous families." "...You saw the U.S. forces take the bullets out of the body?" "Man:[ Translatingquestion] ...i believed the family, but that wasn't enough." "For me or anyone else." "Who were these men that stormed into daoud's home?" "And why would they go to such horrifying lengths to cover up their actions?" "Man:[ lnforeignlanguage]" "man:" "Allright." "Ready?" "One, two, three." "[♪...]  Man:" "Good morning, the subcommittee will come" "to order." "The subject is national security." "[Camera shutter clicks, typewriter clacking]  If my esteemed friend, the gentleman from Michigan, wishes to continue with this hearing, I think that's fine." "He is the chairman." "Next year, when this committee is under new management, we won't be looking at the calendar of last year or two years ago." "Thank you. [♪...]  Narrator:" "Far from discussing the distant past, I'd like to share with this committee part of my investigation into deadly" "U.S. night raids in that country--..." "Sensenbrenner walked out, but no one else even bothered to show up." "Just chairman conyers and his staffers..." "In closing, Mr. chairman, I told these families that I'd bring their cases before the U.S. congress and ask that they be investigated and that those responsible be held accountable." "On behalf of those families-- ..." "It didn't surprise me tht" "Washington wasn't interested in gardez." "As an investigative reporter, you rarely have people's attention." "More often than not, you work alone and the stories you labor over fall on deaf ears." "But sometimes a story strikes a nerve and you're thrown into the public arena." "It happened to me once before." "...during its time in Iraq, Blackwater has regularly engaged in firefights and other deadly incidents-- ...it was 2007 and I was reporting on Blackwater, a shadowy mercenary company and suddenly it was front page news." "Afrequentcontributortothenation magazine,hisnewbookiscalledBlackwater." "Man:" "Jeremyscahillwrotethe book--  man 2: ..." "Has come to us from London." "Man 3: ..." "Jeremy scahill." "Scahill:" "I quicklydiscovered that the world of talk show television is less a meeting place for ideas and more like a boxing ring.  $700 million for a colonial fortress in Pakistan-- thatisabsolutehooey!" "..." "The whole thing feels like a game." "But every time you step into the ring, there's a chance your story can have an impact." "...journalists have done nothing to hold the white house accountable now, Chuck, or under bush." "Let me get to the story--  why are you still alive?" "Are you paranoid?" "[Audience laughs] no, I'm serious, I'm serious." "I mean, it's an amazing book that you've written." "I'm curious that-- oh, that guy had a-- oh, he's dead, what happened?" "He had an accident." "I mean-- [Audience laughs] [♪...] Scahill:" "Congresswasn't going to investigate the raid in gardez and my freedom of information requests were bounced all over the military, ending up in an unnamed agency awaiting review." "[♪...] I reached out to everyone I could in Washington-- the c.I.A., state department, former military officials, but no one would speak openly about gardez. [Camera shutter clicks] until I met with general Hugh" "Shelton, chairman of the joint chiefs on 9/11." "[Typewriter clacking, ♪...] ...one incident that I looked into in Afghanistan where an Afghan police commander and two pregnant women were killed, but the question I wanted to ask you is in that kind of case" "let's say that's true-- how would something like that be handled or investigated or reviewed?" "If they go flying in and meet any kind of resistance at all," "I mean, shots are fired, then I'm sorry if they got killed, but they're in the wrong place at the wrong time, and I don't think it ought to be investigated." "I think you write it off as one of those damn acts of war." "Butoneof thevictimswasa  senior police commander who had been trained by the U.S. and two of them were pregnant women." "Now, just 'cause he's a police chief, he could have been a terrorist as well." "You know, he could have been working both sides, so, that piece of it, although it sounds bad, two pregnant women?" "The fact that they were pregnant is very, very unfortunate, but it's also unfortunate that they were women, but, on the other hand, I've been shot at by women myself." "So, that doesn't-- and I mean shot at." "That doesn't excuse 'em." "They die just like men do if they shoot at us, so... [Helicopter blades whirr, ♪...]  Scahill:" "Congress wasn't interested." "I was being stonewalled by the military." "And general Shelton told me there should be no investigation." "[♪...] [Typewriter clacking] back in Afghanistan, the reporter who first broke the gardez story had been publicly attacked by NATO." "[Camera shutter clicking] [Typewriter clacking]  man:" "We went to print on a Saturday." "By Saturday afternoon, I was getting information from other journalists in Kabul, who were my friends, that NATO was briefing against me." "NATO was trying to discredit me, trying to say the story was inaccurate and effectively trying to kill it dead." "To my knowledge, that was the only time that they've named a journalist and sort of singled out a journalist so specifically in a denial." "Scahill:" "NATOaccusedstarkeyoflying ." "It could have been enough to end a journalist's career, but information about gardez kept leaking out." "A secret u.N. Investigation confirmed many of the details the family had told us and an" "Afghan police inquiry was under way." "[Typewriter clacking, ♪...]" "I didn't realize what the family was showing me;" "It was just a grainy cellphone video from the morning after the attack." "Until the voices began." "Americansoldier:" "Ok ,thebloodtrail,thisisit." "This is the last room." "This is where the engagement was." "In comes [inaudible]" "There's a woman crying in the doorway." "Americansoldier2:" "My group was emptying this room and that room there, okay?" "We pulled everyone out, okay?" "Now, at that point, I'm watching what's going on here." "I see it all go down, and now we go behind them." "White light." "To make sure no one's hiding." "Scahill:" "TwoAmericans,theirhands visible for a moment filming the corpses, while they piece together their version of that night's killings." "Americansoldier1:" "Hiding..." "Aftereverything's said and done still two guys are hiding..." "NATOphonedme up ." "Andtheysaid , "Jerome, we're just calling to"" "let you know we're about to put out a press release." "We are changing our version" ""of events." They admitted that they were responsible for killing the three women and that the men they said were Taliban were not in fact Taliban." "They admitted they got it wrong." "Again, they were hoping it was going to go away." "Well, it wasn't." "Like yourselves, we set off very early one morning from Kabul through logar to gardez, when up rolls a huge convoy of countless Afghan officers and soldiers." "And among them is a man wearing a uniform that I recognize as sort of U.S. marines but it says U.S. Navy on his lapel." "I, I didn't know who he was." "They off-loaded a sheep and three Afghan soldiers knelt on the sheep in exactly the same place where these soldiers had been when they started the raid." "They were offering to sacrifice the sheep." "Scahill:" "The soldiers tried to stop starkey's photographer," "Jeremy Kelly, but the family insisted." "Otherwise there'd be no evidence that this extraordinary event occurred, no proof of who the killers were." "Like so much about this war, they would've remained unseen." "" Starkey:" "He said that, " my soldiers were responsible for the deaths of these members" ""of your family," and for that, he apologized." "[lnforeignlanguage]" "[♪...]" "[Wind blowing, ♪...]" "[Subway car rattling] [Typewriter clacking]" "Scahill:" "I returnedhomeand tried to put the story of gardez behind me." "But coming home is never easy." "I didn't want to admit it, but life back home was dull after being in a war zone." "Ordinary life is just that. [♪...]" "I tried to forget about gardez, but couldn't." "[indistinct voices on video]" "The video was chilling, but I couldn't see their faces." "All I had were images of their hands and the sound of their voices." "U.S.soldierin video:" "O.K., the blood trail, this is it." "This is the last room, this is where the engagement was." "In comes... [indistinct] There's a woman crying in the doorway..." "Scahill:" "Noneof theseclueswere  supposed to exist." "The cell phone video, the photos of the admiral and his sheep." "The killers were meant to disappear without a trace." "The family had called them "American Taliban"." "But who were they, these American soldiers with beards?" "[♪...]" "As a reporter you learn that every story has conflicting points of view." "You try to understand all of them without letting your own get in the way." "But there was something about this story and the way it was covered up." "The photo of the admiral had seemed to answer our questions about the raid." "But the longer I looked at it, the less sense it made." "I could read the name and rank, but who was this man delivering the sheep?" "Vice admiral William mcraven wasn't from NATO headquarters in Kabul, and he wasn't from the eastern regional command that owned that battle space." "I'd never seen the r-0-1 insignia on his shoulder, and it was hard to find mention of him in the press, much less a photograph." "But I found an old d.O.D. Press briefing from 2008 that mentioned mcraven's nomination to lead an obscure unit within the military called "j-soc" -- the joint special operations command." "After more than a decade as a war reporter, I thought I knew most of the players involved, but I'd never heard of j-soc." "There was little official record, but j-soc was formed in 1980 after the failed hostage rescue mission in Iran." "It was designed as the most covert unit in the military and the only one that reports directly to the white house." "So why would the president's elite force be kicking down the doors on a family in gardez?" "I knew gardez wasn't an isolated incident and went back to NATO's daily press releases with their lists of killed and captured." "I expected the list to be long, but I had no idea how long." "Every week the tempo of raids increased." "In the last three months there had been 1700 night raids in Afghanistan." "It was a staggering figure and meant that stories like the one in gardez were unfolding nearly 20 times each night." "An endless list of raids, but not a single name." "I could see that gardez was part of a bigger story-- much bigger-- but the very thought of it was overwhelming." "With 1700 raids, who would compile the list of the dead?" "[Wind blowing] [♪...]" "The surge of night raids was clearly changing the war in Afghanistan." "It didn't take long for j-soc's actions to ricochet." "TVreporter:" "Matthewhoh has  become the first U.S. official to resign in protest over the Afghan war." "Hoh is a former marine who spent five months working for the state department in Afghanistan and is, by all accounts, well-respected." "[Camera shutter clicking]" "[Typewriter clacking]  A lot of times, yeah, the right guys would get targeted and the right guys would get killed, and then plenty of other times the wrong people would get killed-- sometimes innocent families-- and then that sets you back so far, you know." "Nothing like going into a village in the middle of the night, knocking a door down and like, killing a woman or a child to just undo everything that infantry battalion commander had been trying to do for the last nine, 10 months." "Scahill:" "Youwereina  position where you were trying to vet lists to make sure that the wrong people weren't being killed by these task forces." "Were there 500 people on this list, a thousand?" "No,I can'ttellyou ." "Youcan't." "Yeah." "Youcan'ttellmebecause..." "Ican't  tell you because I can't tell you that stuff." "Youcan'ttalkaboutit." "Yeah." "Isaw a list, that's all I've been doing, yeah," "I mean, I can't tell you." "[♪...]" "Scahill:" "Thejointspecialoperations command had never numbered more than a few thousand." "But under William mcraven, Afghanistan had become j-soc's war." "How had such a small, covert unit taken over the largest conventional war on the planet?" "[Camera shutter clicking] Andrew exum had experienced the change firsthand when he served as part of mcraven's high-value targeting campaign..." "Not in Afghanistan, but in Iraq." "He led a company of rangers in 2003 as part of j-soc's Iraq task force." "[Typewriter clacking]" "Iwatchedtheway thingsbegantochange , you know, kind of the iron rule was, you don't go anywhere unless you've got a company of army rangers and reserves." "In 2003, nobody was in reserve." "I mean, people were hitting targets every single night in a very dispersed way, just bam-bam-bam." "I mean, you remember the deck of cards." "We kind of had this poster of all these guys and we went out looking for them every night." "So we would, you know, kick down a door and pull somebody out of their home in the middle of the night, and the next morning, you know, people would be rioting in the streets. [Gunshots, clatter, shouting] [♪...]" "U.S.soldier:" "On yourfuckin'face ..." "on your face. [♪...]" "Exum:" "I rememberonenightgoingout,you know, we found out later that we were on two-weeks-old intelligence." "Two Iraqis started shooting at us, we killed them, and, you know, we kind of realized later that these guys were just out guarding the neighborhood generator." "Now, I didn't lose any sleep over it 'cause these guys were shooting at me, but then you start thinking about it from a strategic perspective, that's a loss." "You start out with a target list and maybe you got 50 guys on it, maybe you got 200 guys on it." "But you can work your way through those 50 or 200 guys and then suddenly, at the end of that target list, you've now got a new target list of 3,000 people on it, and how did this grow?" "[♪...]" "Scahill:" "Whatexumtoldmeabout Iraqwas a revelation." "I thought j-soc's rise had happened later, in Afghanistan." "I'd worked in Baghdad for years and had written countless stories there, many from the front lines of the war." "It was there that I first started reporting for the nation magazine, but I'd never heard of j-soc." "...the budget for the joint special operations command-- you can't get it through a foia request, we've tried that..." "I'd missed the most important story." "In Iraq, the U.S. had fundamentally changed the way it fought war." "The real story, j-soc, was hidden in the shadows, out of sight." "What was hidden in the shadows right now?" "PresidentObama:..." "That" "I propose represent a new direction from the last eight years..." "Scahill:" "WhatwasImissingtoday ?" "PresidentObama:" "We are embracing more oversight of our actions and we're narrowing our use of the state secrets privilege." "Scahill:" "I'd discovered that over the past decade, a series of secret presidential orders had given j-soc unprecedented authority." "The battlefield was expanded and j-soc could now hit at will in countries beyond Iraq and Afghanistan." "[♪...]" "I began to research strikes against Al-qaeda outside the declared battlefields." "I looked for patterns among the lists." "And then I found one." "In December 2009, five strikes with over 150 casualties in a country without a declared war." "[♪...] [Man sings in foreign language] ...aden" " Yemen's ancient port city was nothing like Kabul." "In Afghanistan life was defined by the war." "Everything revolved around it." "But in Yemen there was no war, at least not officially." "The strikes seem to have come out of the blue and most yemenis were going about life as usual." "[Indistinct conversations] It was difficult to know where to start." "The yemeni government claimed responsibility for the strikes, saying they'd killed dozens of" "Al-qaeda operatives." "But it was unclear who the targets really were, or who was even responsible. [Camera shutter clicking] I arranged to meet the most powerful man in Southern Yemen, sheikh saleh bin fareed. [Camera shutter clicks]" "[Typewriter clacking] ..." "When was the first time that you heard about someone being" "Al-qaeda in that area?" "[Explosion, whooshing]  How did you first hear of the strikes that had happened on" "December 17th?" "Whatwasthenewssaying?" "[♪...]" "[♪...]" "[Typewriter clacking] [♪...] Man:[ lnforeignlanguage]" "[♪...]" "[Camera shutter clicking] [♪...]" "Woman:[ lnforeignlanguage]" "[Speakingforeignlanguage]" "Scahill:" "Theechoesofgardezwereeverywhere, so many of the details repeating themselves." "But there was one important difference." "In gardez, the American soldiers went to obscene lengths to cover up the killings." "Here, in Al-majalah, despite the official denial, they'd left their fingerprints strewn across the desert." "Why would they deny something so obvious, when anyone who visited the bomb site would see the truth?" "But maybe that was the point." "There was no declared war in Yemen." "Out here, in the middle of the desert, no one was looking, and the one local reporter investigating the bombing had disappeared." "[lnforeignlanguage]" "[Camera shutter clicks] [Typewriter clacking]  scahill:" "Abdulelah haider" "shaye had traveled to Al-majalah immediately after the strike and his reporting sparked national outrage." "Soon after, his house was raided by Yemen's" "American-trained counter-terrorism forces." "Abdulelah was thrown in prison." "Posters demanding his return were hung around the capital. [Camera shutter clicking]" "[Typewriter clacking] I met abdulelah's lawyer at a teahouse because his office was under attack." "[lnforeignlanguage]" "MyunderstandingwasthatpresidentAli Abdullah saleh was going to pardon abdulelah" "haider." "Scahill:" "I 'dheardthestorymany timesinYemen." "President Obama personally" "intervening to keep a respected yemeni journalist in prison." "It sounded far-fetched to me." "But then I found this on the white house's own web site:" "A read-out from a phone call between Obama and the yemeni president." "They badly misspelled abdulelah's name, but Obama's point was clear:" "He wanted him kept in jail." "[Explosions, whooshing] Al-majalah was the first reported strike inside Yemen in seven years." "It was clearly a U.S. cruise missile that struck the bedouin camp." "Since there was no declared war in Yemen, I knew the strike was either j-soc or the c.I.A. And then I found this photo." "The U.S. would've never released it, but Yemen's president posted it on his personal web site:" "A presidential meeting with an important American guest..." "The head of the joint special operations command, admiral William mcraven." "[♪...]" "JoiningusnowisJeremyscahill,national security correspondent for the nation" "magazine, whose latest article is all about the U.S. relationship with Yemen." "Jeremy, thank you for joining us." "Thank you." "...Back in New York I started writing stories about j-soc, their rise to lead force in Afghanistan, their covert strikes in Yemen, and it felt as though I'd crossed an invisible tripwire." "...the reality is that U.S. counter-terrorism obsession with Yemen trumped concern for human rights." "Woman:" "That's not true." "Well,itis true,Imean ..." "It's not true." "Yeah, back there." "Man:" "DoesthePentagonhave  any comment on a report in the nation today?" "And my question is..." "Yeah, I, I..." "The question is, you keep denying covert operations." "Isn't this yet more evidence of one?" "O.K." "Despitewhatever conspiratorial theories that, you know, magazines or broadcast outlets may want to cook up, there's nothing to it." "Man:" "So, Jeremy, let me ask you, have we been going into all of these countries, uh, over the past decade with drone attacks, dropping bombs in countries where we haven't declared war?" "The lack of response from the major media and the c.I.A. And all the rest of it suggests they're dismissing what you've done." "I receive a call, unprompted, from a captain James Kirby, who is the spokesperson for admiral Mike mullen." "Calls me on my cell phone, wouldn't tell me how he got my cell phone number, wouldn't tell me who told him about the story." "This is hours from publication." "And told me that if we published this story in the nation, that I would be, quote, "on thin ice"." "That is a direct quote." "And I said, "well, I want to know how you heard about this"" "story and I want to know how you got my number," and he said, "let's just say that I heard about it."" "...i wasn't sleeping well, and insomnia fueled my anxiety. [♪...]" "My computer had been hacked and part of my hard drive copied." "It was difficult not to feel a creeping sense of paranoia." "And then I got another strange phone call." "I had no idea why he called me or how he got my number." "I thought it might be a setup." "Every story I worked on seemed to trace back to j-soc, and now out of the blue, someone from the inside was reaching out to me." "[Thunder crashes] I had met operators before in my research on Blackwater, but no one as close to the heart of j-soc's covert operations." "He sent me photos of his d.O.D." "Badges, but I still couldn't help wondering-- was I investigating j-soc or were they investigating me?" "[Lock clicks] [Door opens]" "[Chain jingles] [Cigarette lighter clicks] [♪...]" "[Man exhales] ..." "Explain what j-soc is." "[Withdistortedvoice]:" "The joint special operations command handles all of the sensitive counterterrorism missions as the us government directs." "And over time that was perverted into doing things that are far outside of its mandate." "Scahill:" "What has j-soc been doing, and in Yemen?" "Airstrikes..." "Targeted killings." "Targeted killings inside the borders of Yemen?" "Man:" "Correct." "The world is a battlefield and we are at war." "Therefore the joint special operations command can go wherever they please, and do whatever it is that they want to do in order to achieve the national security objectives of whichever administration happens to be in power." "Scahill:" "Were there ways that j-soc was being used that you found objectionable?" "[Exhales] I did." "There was..." "A lot of trepidation about..." "What we were being asked to do, and where, and for what purpose." "A lot of it was of questionable legality." "And most of it was outside of any stated battlefield." "Kinetic operations, whether it's capture or kill, in some cases to detain, people as directed by the United States government." "They launched their own internalized interrogation program, without the knowledge of the conventional" "U.S. military forces, or even the central intelligence agency." "Because of the extreme secrecy surrounding the program, there was a variety of abuses." "Torture?" "I would say that, yes." "The president has made a political and military calculation to let the joint special operations command run wild." "Scahill:" "So you're saying j-soc is able to hit harder under president Obama than they were under president bush." "Harder, faster, quicker, with the full support of the the white house." "[Thunder crashes]" "Scahill:" "On my last day in sana'a, a file had been left for me at my hotel-- a leaked" "investigation into the strike at Al-majalah." "It included a list of the dead." "[Man reading names aloud in background...] In Iraq they had a deck of cards-- a list of 55 names, but the cards were not enough." "New lists were needed." "Longer lists." "At the end of each list, another and another-- an endless list of names. [Man chanting in background] [♪...]" "In Al-majalah, the list numbered 46." "14 of the names were women." "21 were children." "Who were they trying to kill?" "A week after Al-majalah, there was another strike, and this time the yemeni government issued a press release naming the intended targets, but none of them had been killed." "For the first time I had names on the kill list of people who were still alive." "Two of them were publicly known leaders, shihri and wuhayshi, but the last name gave me a chill:" "Anwar Al-awlaki." "I knew the name, but I couldn't believe I was seeing it here on this list." "Al-awlaki was an American citizen." "TVreporter:" "TheChristmas day bombing attempt has everybody on alert tonight." "Investigatorsconnectingthe dots, and a key focus in the investigation is a radical islamic cleric." "Thatmanis anwarAl-awlaki,anexiled American who..." "Scahill:" "Just as I was investigating the expanding war in Yemen, it seemed Al-awlaki's name was everywhere." "The war on terror suddenly had a new face." "TVreporter:" "Clericanwar" "Al-awlaki may now be as grave a threat as osama bin laden himself." "Al-awlaki, holder says, is a clear and present danger." "Ericholder:" "He 'san  extremely dangerous man." "Does the U.S. have a preference in terms of Al-awlaki dead, captured, or prosecuted?" "Well, we certainly want to neutralize him, and we will do whatever we can in order to do that." "Scahill:" "AnAmericanwas on the kill list." "It felt to me like we'd walked off a cliff." "Al-awlaki had been sentenced to death without even being charged with a crime." "Al-awlaki's father filed a lawsuit with the help of the center for constitutional rights and the a.C.L.U. He demanded that the government provide whatever evidence they they had against his son, but the government refused." "They had ordered the assassination of a U.S. citizen but said the evidence itself was too dangerous to be made public." "What kind of protections does this American have against being assassinated by his own government?" "Yeah,italmostsoundskind  of funny in an ironic way when you say that." "You know, you have the right not to be assassinated. [Thunder rumbling]  Scahill:" "A bill was introduced in congress to ban the extrajudicial assassination of Americans, but only six congressmen signed on." "And the people who should have known what was happening-- the members of the intelligence committees-- couldn't tell me anything." "...when there is a lethal operation and a high-value person is killed, the president of course acknowledged that we killed--  man:" "He can't." "Huh?" "Man:" "Hecan'tconfirmthat there have been any lethal operations outside of a war zone. [Typewriter clacking]  scahill:" "Has there been any legal review of the potential for lethal operations against American citizens?" "Isthatclassified?" "It'simportantfor the American people to know when the president can kill an American citizen and when they can't, and yet it is almost as if there are two laws in America, and the American people would be extraordinarily surprised if" "they could see the difference between what they believe a law says and how it has actually been interpreted in secret." "Scahill:" "You'renotpermitted to disclose that difference publicly." "That'scorrect.[♪ ...]" "Scahill:" "I wasn'tsurprisedwhen Washington ignored the killings in gardez." "But this was an American citizen." "The country was now targeting one of its own." "Even John Walker lindh, who'd taken up arms with the Taliban, was given a trial." "What had Al-awlaki done, and why was the U.S. willing to cross such a dangerous line to have him killed?" "[Train rumbling]" "I read everything I could about Al-awlaki." "It was obvious that he was an immensely popular preacher with a large following among young English-speaking muslims around the world." "On his blog he openly praised some of the attacks against the U.S., but this in itself was clearly not a crime." "I spoke with former c.I.A. And military officials." "They argued that Al-awlaki's speeches were inspiring domestic terrorists." "There were a lot of words, from both Al-awlaki and the" "U.S. government, but no concrete piece of evidence that he was an operational figure in any attacks." "I remembered seeing him on TV nearly a decade earlier, just after 9/11, and it was difficult to reconcile the image of a new bin laden with" "Al-awlaki's earlier sermons condemning terrorism." "Thefactthatthe U.S.has administered the death and homicide of civilians in Iraq does not justify the killing of one U.S. civilian in New York city or Washington D.C. Scahill:" "Forashorttime ," "Al-awlaki seemed like the go-to imam for journalists trying to understand the experience of" "American muslims in the wake of the attacks." "He was even profiled by the" "Washington post for a piece about ramadan." "AfterSeptember11th,uh..." "All of the feelings of the American muslims were similar to everybody else in America's-- feelings of sympathy for the families of the victims and a sense of that whoever did this" "needed to be brought to justice." "Scahill:" "A decade after this video was filmed, Al-awlaki had become public enemy number one, his name at the very top of the kill list." "It felt like the war on terror was turning on itself." "I was now investigating the planned assassination of a U.S. citizen, a watershed event." "[Man chanting in arabic...] [♪...]" "For the first time I had the name of someone on the kill list who had not yet been killed." "Anwar Al-awlaki was now a wanted man, hiding somewhere in the mountains of Yemen. [♪...] I knew I wouldn't be able to speak with Al-awlaki directly..." "[Cameraclicking]Butthroughaseriesof intermediaries, I managed to set up a meeting with his father." "I expected him to be reluctant to speak about his son, but he seemed happy to reminisce about an earlier time." "Nasser Al-awlaki:" "Anwar was an all-American boy." "This is in Disneyland, you know, in 1984, I think." "This is in San Diego when he was already an imam with big beard, you know." "At that time he was asking muslims to participate in the Democratic process in America." "In fact, during the presidential campaign of George Bush, he thought the conservative Republicans will be better than the liberal democrats, and he encouraged the muslims there to elect George Bush." "Scahill:" "Didn't he even, at one point, attend a luncheon at the Pentagon?" "Yes." "You see, he liked America." "And he wanted to stay and really-- his life in America." "But things came differently." "Canyouexplaintomewhy your son went into hiding?" "After the incident of Al-majalah, anwar was all over the news." "The drones started to fly over shabwah, so, you know, anwar was really concerned, and so we took his family with us and he left to the mountains." "Child: [Shouts indistinctly]  Hm, what?" "[Laughs] [Speaks indistinctly to her]" "[Coughs] Myself, with-- at this age in my life, I really cannot ever replace, you know, the role of my son as he was doing for his family." "From my reading of the history of your son, from his writing, it seemed as though there was a transformation that happened politically for him, from 9/11 to the invasion of" "Iraq, something started to change in his tone." "Yes." "Anwar became popular before September 11 because his sermons and his tapes, you know, were very popular all over the English-speaking world." "And then the invasion came in 2003 and they invaded Iraq and destroyed Iraq, so anwar really started to be more vocal in his speeches against what the Americans were doing against muslims all over the world." "There's no doubt that your son praised some of the attacks against the U.S.  yes." "And for many Americans, it was enough to say anwar Al-awlaki is a terrorist." "But also I want decent American lawyer to tell me that it is right for the united states government to kill an American citizen on the basis that he said something against the United States or against American soldiers." "I mean, I don't understand." "I don't understand 100% the American constitution, but I don't believe American law will allow the killing of an American citizen because he says something against the united states." "Scahill:" "Anwar's father may have been calling for justice under American law, but" "American drones were already flying overhead." "The fact that they were trying to kill an American citizen was shocking enough, but there was another reason Al-awlaki's story haunted me." "We are against evil, and America as a whole has turned into a nation of evil." "How can your conscience allow you..." "Scahill:" "Al-awlakiseemedtohave  embraced the very identity he once opposed." "The military jacket, the black flag, the unequivocal call for armed jihad." "I specifically invite the youth to either fight in the west or join their brothers in the fronts of jihad." "Scahill:" "The all-American boy was gone, and so was the moderate imam, but why?" "[♪...]" "Al-awlaki was deeply affected by the war on terror, both abroad and at home." "The day after September 11th, a woman stumbled into his mosque in Virginia after being beaten with a baseball bat." "More than 1200 muslims were detained across the country." "Al-awlaki:" "Youhavemuslimswhoarelocked  up in jail and are left to rot in there." "There are no charges brought against them." "What have you done for them?" "Scahill:" "Al-awlakiresignedfromthemosque soon after and left the country, but the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq followed." "Georgew ." "Bush:" "Andthisis a new kind of evil." "And this..." "this crusade is gonna take a while." "Scahill:" "Al-awlakibegantoseetheexpanding wars as part of a global attack against islam, and his sermons reflected a growing anger." "Al-awlaki:" "Wearewatching one Muslim nation fall after another and we're watching, sitting back, doing nothing." "Scahill:" "After9/ 11,Al-awlakiwas  put under surveillance, detained at airports, and repeatedly interrogated by the f.B.I. When he returned to Yemen, local officials arrested him on orders from Washington." "He was locked up for a year and a half without charge and spent 17 months in solitary confinement." "When he was finally released, Al-awlaki was a changed man, and after j-soc tried to kill him, his transformation was complete." "Al-awlaki:..." "Cameto the conclusion that jihad against America is binding upon myself..." "Obama:" "This is not a war of choice..." "Al-awlaki:..." "Justas it is  binding on every other able-bodied Muslim." "Obama:" "Thisis awar of necessity." "Al-awlaki:" "With the American invasion of Iraq..." "Scahill:" "They seem like mirror images of one another, strangely distorted" " America's wars and Al-awlaki's words." "Obama:" "This will not be quick." "Al-awlaki:" "A war against islamic muslims." "Obama: ..." "Nor easy." "Scahill:" "Likea self-fulfilling prophecy, the United States had helped create the very man it was now trying to kill." "Al-awlaki:" "America was my home." "Obama:" "ThosewhoattackedAmerica on 9/11 are plotting to do so again." "Scahill:" "Al-awlaki'sjourneyfromavoice  of moderation to one of retribution cut to the heart of the larger story I was investigating." "[Overlapping voices of afghani [survivors of U.S. raid on gardez heard earlier in this film...]  I'd seen the same pattern repeatedly... [Afghani child speaks] Americawastryingtokill  its way to victory." "Exum:" "Now got a new target list." "Scahill:" "Butthewar onterrorwas producing new enemies wherever it spread." "Exum:" "Howdidthisgrow ?" "Scahill:" "Howdoesawarlike that ever end?" "Goodevening." "TonightIcanreport to the American people and to the world" "that the United States has conducted an operation that killed osama bin laden, the leader of Al-qaeda." "Brian Williams:" "Again, for those just joining us, osama bin laden is dead." "And one confirmation we're getting indicates that this is a special operations raid." "And I think an organization we're gonna hear a lot about in the coming days is j-soc, the joint special operations command..." "Scahill:" "Somuchfor secrecy." "Somuchforcover-ups." "The forces I'd been trying to unmask since gardez were suddenly national heroes." "Woman:" "Theoperationwas  called Neptune spear." "The mission:" "To capture or kill bin laden." "Scahill:" "Itfeltliketheworld had turned upside-down." "J-soc, long shrouded in secrecy, was becoming a household name." "But what did it really mean?" "The white house circulated a photo from the night of the raid, perhaps as a picture of transparency." "Everyone was in the room:" "Secretary of state, secretary of defense, vice-president, chairman of the joint chiefs, the president himself, but it was the seating arrangement that interested me." "The man at the head of the table wasn't the commander-in-chief, it was mcraven's assistant at j-soc, general webb." "Mcraven himself was running the operation from Afghanistan." "[Chanting]:" "U.S.A.!" "U.S.A.!" "U.S.A.!" "U.S.A.!" "U.S.A!" "..." "Scahill:" "I wasn't mourning bin laden's death, but I wasn't celebrating, either." "After 10 years, I understood that people wanted closure, but it didn't feel like v. E. Day to me." "It didn't feel like victory at all." "Johnmccain:" "Theleader of Al-qaeda is dead, but a new one has taken his place." "Your mission will be to ensure he meets the same end." "Scahill:" "Hearing j-soc mentioned on television was jolting enough, but when I saw the admiral in front of the cameras, it felt like" "I'd walked through the looking glass." "Iamdeeplyhonoredthat the president has nominated me to serve as the next socom commander, and if confirmed..." "Scahill:" "Williammcravenwas now the toastofWashington." "Admiralmcraven,by leading the mission that killed osama bin laden, you and your men won an enduring place in American military history." "Like all of my colleagues, I salute you and your colleagues in the seals, extraordinary operations." "Thank you for your service." "Thankyou,sir." "Scahill:" "When the congratulations subsided, the senators turned to the real purpose of the hearings." "Areyoupreparedand capable to expand your operations at a moment's notice worldwide?" "Aswelookout fromIraq ," "Afghanistan and frankly, across the globe, as we look at hot spots in Yemen, where you have Al-qaeda in the Arabian peninsula or Somalia, where you have east African Al-qaeda and" "Al-shabaab, these are clearly..." "Scahill:" "People on the streets may have hoped the war on terror was finally over, but in Washington, in the corridors of power, a new chapter had just begun." "Right now, it's kinetic, hard kill." "If it's not hard kill, it doesn't get played." "[Camera shutter clicks, [typewriter clacking]  Scahill:" "Soon after the bin laden strike, I met Malcolm" "Nance, a legend in the world of covert ops who'd trained countless Navy seals and other j-soc operators." "I'm a firm believer in targeted assassination." "If they are too strong for your ability to negate their capacity in the battlefield, then you're just going to have put a hellfire in them." "Uh, if they're dangerous on a strategic scale, like anwar Al-awlaki from Yemen, definitely has a missile in his future." "No longer cloaked in secre, special ops seemed to be enjoying their moment in the sun." "Youknow,we wentin, wedid the drone strike, or hellfire strike, we blasted the individual car of a known guy who was known to be in that vehicle." "We flew in, we snatched his body, we confirmed it, got the intelligence, went away." "That's the way we should be doing it. [♪...] [Camera shutter clicks]" "Scahill:" "Thefirsttimewe'd met,  he'd called me out of the blue." "This time it was me who called. [Camera shutter clicks] j-soc may no longer have been a secret, but that didn't mean we knew the truth." "Man:[ Withdistortedvoice]" "We're now seeing the effects of covert intervention in countries on multiple continents without any thought to future repercussions." "And it has radically expanded." "At one point it was 40 countries." "It is now expanded to over 75." "And there are dozens, if not hundreds, of concurrent operations." "Butintheory,congressissupposed to have oversight of these operations." "Theydon'twanttostep into  the dark and see what goes on behind the curtain." "Joint special operations command became a paramilitary arm of the administration." "And billions upon billions of dollars was poured into jsoc." "What we have essentially done is created one hell of a hammer." "And for the rest of our generation, for the rest of my lifetime, this force will be continually searching for a nail." "[Subway train rumbles...]  Scahill:" "Bin laden's death had given the war on terror a new life." "After 9/11, there were seven people on the kill list." "In Iraq, 55 on the deck of cards." "By Afghanistan, there were thousands." "But now the list itself was changing." "Signature strikes, tads, crowd killing." "A target list was no longer needed to justify a strike like Al-majalah." "All boys over the age of 15, all men under the age of 70, were now fair game in targeted areas." "Like a flywheel, the global war on terror was spinning out of control." "[♪...]" "When I began this story, the U.S. was at war in Iraq and Afghanistan." "The bombing in Al-majalah brought me to Yemen, but the list of countries where U.S." "Special forces were operating had grown, just as the kill list had." "Algeria, Indonesia, Thailand, Panama, Jordan." "The world was now a battlefield." "It was hard to know where to go next." "In Pakistan, the U.S. was launching weekly drone strikes." "In Mali, they were hunting" "Al-qaeda." "In Latin America, targeting drug cartels." "I decided to go to Somalia, where an escalated kill/capture program was underway." "[♪...] Just as mcraven had testified, the war was erupting in east Africa." "Drone strikes were increasing." "There were suicide bombings in kampala and mogadishu and j-soc was on the ground, snatching bodies and flying them back to ships in the Arabian sea." "[Typewriter clacking]" "Almost as soon as I arrived, I sensed that things weren't going to go well." "Mogadishu was seeing its worst fighting in years and there were no foreign journalists left in the city." "My local contact, bashir osman, was worried about my safety." "O.K.?" "O.K." "...it was a strange feeling, traveling with a dozen armed men in a decoy car." "I still had my reporter's notebook, but what could I learn in conditions like these?" "[♪...] Before arriving in Somalia, I'd read reports that the U.S." "Was outsourcing the kill list to local warlords. [Gunshot]" "Among the most powerful in mogadishu was yusuf Mohammed siad, known by everyone as indha adde... "White eyes"." "[♪...] [Camera shutter clicks, [typewriter clacking, ♪...] In an earlier life, indha adde had been America's enemy, offering protection to people on the U.S. kill list." "But the warlord had since changed sides." "He was now on the U.S. payroll and assumed the title of general..." "So he's saying that the fiercest fighting that they're doing right now is happening right here?" "Man:[ lnforeignlanguage]" "O.K. [Gunshot] [Gunfire] ...the men fired across the rooftops, but it didn't make sense to me what we were doing here." "Or what the Americans were doing here, in Somalia, arming this warlord turned general for what seemed like a senseless war." "[Gunshot] Man:" "Wegottamove." "Sothesewereshabaabfightersyouburied here?" "Man:[ lnforeignlanguage]" "Ifyoucaptureaforeigneralive , you execute them on the battlefield?" "[♪...]  Scahill:" "How did the Americans find men like" "indha adde and to what end?" "After a decade of covert war, Somalia was in ruins." "Half the country was ruled by the local Al-qaeda affiliate;" "The other half by men like the general, wandering the streets with an endless kill list and a band of men." "[General conversations] Every time we stopped, people looked at us nervously and I was told that my very presence was endangering them." "Bashir would insist we leave moments after we arrived." "[Horn honks]" "I wanted to see beneath the surface of the war, to understand what it meant to ordinary somalis, but I was passed from warlord to warlord and soon realized the only people I'd be able to meet were men with guns." "Man:" "Youknowwhen you are fighting with enemy, any option is open." "No mercy." "[Camera shutter clicks, typewriter clacking]  Scahill:" "For years, mohamed qanyare was Washington's man in mogadishu." "His methods were extreme, but Washington insisted qanyare's services were vital to their kill campaign." "...who were the people that the Americans wanted your help tracking?" "No,I don'twanttotalk aboutthat." "Youdon'twanttotalk  about that?" "I don't." "Didtheyoffertofund  any operations?" "That one also, no comment." "Youdon'twanttocomment on that." "No comment." "But you were targeting people for the Americans." "Yes, we arrest and interrogate and release if we don't see nothing." "And when these American operations kill innocent people, what's the impact?" "America knows war." "They are war masters." "They knows better than me." "So when they're funding a war, they know how to fund it." "They don't need even to touch to tell them." "They know very well." "They are teachers." "Great teachers." "[♪...]" "Aroadsidebombblasthita minibusfullof civilians." "Three people died on the spot and many others were injured as well." "They'reallbeingtakento madina hospital?" "To madina hospital, yeah. [♪...]" "Scahill:" "Foroveradecade,j-soc andthec.I.A. Had free reign in Somalia-- all their" "tactics were on display:" "Drone strikes, night raids, mercenaries." "As the war on terror entered a second decade, Somalia seemed like a laboratory of the future and the future looked bleak." "[Typewriter clacking] [♪...]" "I was ready to leave Somalia and decided to call my editor. [Beeping]" "But the news from home was not what I expected." "Anwar Al-awlaki was dead, killed in a drone strike authorized by the president himself." "Another name struck from the list." "I wanted to go home, to be done with it all, but I couldn't." "[Typewriter clacking] I got another call and this one left me stunned." "Two weeks after Al-awlaki's death, the U.S. had launched another strike in Yemen." "Another American had been killed." "But this time, it was a teenage boy." "They had killed anwar Al-awlaki's 16-year-old son, abdulrahman." "I returned to sana'a, but I wasn't sure why." "Was it to file another story?" "To investigate another crime?" "Or was it to apologize?" "[Birds chirp]" "NasserAl-awlaki:" "Abdulrahmanleftwithouttellingus." "He said in a small note that" "he's going to look for his father." "He left from the kitchen window and he took a bus to the governorate of shabwah." "Then when his father was killed, his grandmother told him, "there is no use for you to stay anymore."" "And he said, "yes, I will come back in two days." [♪...]" "On the morning of October 15th, we got a telephone call and they told us he was blown up to pieces by the drone." "And they saw only the back of his hair, you know, his relative, his cousin, he knew his hair from the back and he recognized it and he knew that abdulrahman really was dead." "But they could not recognize his face or anything else." "I always teased with him about his, you know, his hair that he should cut it because I thought that he should do that. [♪...]" "Scahill:" "Thedronehad not just killed the boy, it vanished him." "I asked to see photos of abdulrahman and suddenly realized why I was here." "It wasn't to investigate another death." "I wanted to see him when he was still alive." "[♪...]" "Abdulrahman's grandmother was in mourning, but sat down with me for a moment to talk." "Grandmother:" "Whatdidabdulrahmando?" "Who ordered the killing of abdulrahman?" "He was sitting having dinner with his friends." "How come he was killed?" "What did he do?" "[Tearfully] you know, abdulrahman was..." "He was very, very gentle boy and he never hurt anybody." "[♪...]" "Scahill:" "I triedto makesenseofabdulrahman'sdeath." "His father's could at least be" "explained, but a teenager with a Facebook page and a group of adolescent friends?" "Why would his name have been put on the list?" "What could he possibly have done?" "[♪...]" "The Americans said abdulrahman was collateral damage, but they offered no explanation for the strike." "And unlike gardez, they made no apology." "It seemed an impossible coincidence." "They killed the father and then the son." "[♪...]" "But maybe it was as simple as that." "Like a tale from Greek" "mythology." "Abdulrahman was killed not for what he'd done, but for who he might one day become." "A twisted logic, a logic without end." "[♪...]" "Nasser had lost his firstborn son and his first grandson, but what did we lose when the" "drones struck abdulrahman and his teenage friends?" "[♪...]" "When I first visited gardez, I had no idea where the story would lead me." "[♪..., no voices] I didn't know just how much the world had changed or how much" "the journey would change me. [♪...] But I realize now the story has no end." "[♪...]" "Somehow, in front of our eyes, undeclared wars have been launched in countries across the globe." "Foreigners and citizens alike assassinated by presidential decree." "The war on terror transformed into a self-fulfilling prophecy." "How does a war like this ever end?" "And what happens to us when we finally see what's hidden in plain sight?" "[♪...] [♪...]" "[♪...]" "[♪...]" "[♪...]" "[♪...]" "[♪...]" "[Music ends]"