"Such a boy!" "Kazik." "Kazik, speak to me." "Let's get out of here!" "No Jews in my line." "The bread is for Poles on the Aryan side." "Go to your side!" "Go to the Ghetto." "Officer, I am a veteran of the Polish armed services." "Then you're a fighter, huh?" "Mordechai Anielewicz?" "You're wanted for work detail." "Let's go." "Work detail?" "Where?" "Who knows?" "What's the difference?" "All Jews, ordered to report." "How will I know what to wear?" "Don't get smart." "Let's get moving." "This work detail, it wouldn't be a German work detail?" "I warned you." "I only work for my people." "Move!" "You, a Jewish policeman..." "... area traitorto yourpeople." "I should kill you!" "But often I ask myself:" "Can a moral man, that's me..." "... maintainhismoralcode in an immoral world?" "Does this question interest you?" "Get out of here, before I hurt you." "Papa, why are so many people moving here?" "Just be glad you've got the bread, Tosia." "What now?" "Please, stop." "Stop!" "Let go." "They create a Jewish police force to do their dirty work..." "... unlesstheyfeellikehavingfun." "Of course, divide and conquer." "What is next?" "Kazik?" "What are you doing with this car?" "Driving." "Did you steal it?" "Now, Mordechai... ." "Why steal what I can have for free?" "What are you up to?" "I am the official driver for Adam Czerniakow." "Head of the Jewish Council?" "That's who I'm here to pick up." "Help us set up a meeting with him." "If I did that, I'd put my position at risk." "If you don't, you help the Germans." "This doesn't worry you?" "I'd worry more if I couldn't feed my family." "Never mind about the Jewish police." "Or how we school the children." "We all have families." "We don't want him to lose his job." "Kazik... ?" "I wish you well." "Mira's contacted sympathizers at the border." "They might be able to get some of our students out of Poland." "But it has to be now." "What do you think?" "If you can get them to Palestine..." "... doitbeforethe opportunity is lost." "I think you're right." "Wish me luck." "Luck." "You're taking them illegally." "All Jewish men, 1 2 to 60, are to perform forced labor." "But their documents!" "And you are... ?" "Zuckerman, their teacher." "Look at these!" "They're exempt from forced labor." "They are, aren't they?" "Today everyone works, Zuckerman." "See that Zuckerman gets the opportunity to work as well!" "We understand we might be leaving for Palestine." "I have to leave." "But I hope to return soon and address this rumor." "Okay, who remembers today's topic?" "Anybody?" "Help me out because I forgot to write it down." "Something about morality." "Yes, Frania." "Can a moral man maintain his moral code in an immoral world?" "Very good." "Okay, Julian?" "You can work with that topic?" "Sure." "Good." "Okay." "Today's topic:" "Can an immoral man maintain his moral code..." "... ona firstdate?" "So everything is arranged until you get to the border." "Mira" "Still, you'll have to get across on your own." "And?" "And if you find a safe passage... ." "Yes?" "If you find a safe passage and return safely..." "... thenyouwillget areward." "What kind of a reward?" "Perhaps the fulfillment of your dreams." "Seeing your students make the desert bloom..." "... andbecomefertile." "That's it?" "It's a lot of work." "The danger alone is" "All right." "Well, perhaps..." "... theeternalgratitude of your people." "And of..." "... acertainpersoninparticular." "Who?" "Someone very close to you." "What kind of gratitude?" "What if I find two safe passages?" "You can take off your armband now." "Go." "Now, be careful, Tosia." "Get down to the stream and follow it." "Over there is the border." "Is it very far?" "No." "You should reach a safe house before night." "They're aware of your journey." "I will receive my payment now." "Thank you very much." "Good luck to you." "See if you can pull around them." "So, Kazik, how did you get this assignment, driving my car?" "Your other driver was taken to slave labor." "And?" "And I was chosen to replace him." "Kazik." "Yes, sir?" "Do not..." "... stealthecar." "Yes, sir." "Czerniakow?" "SS soldiers, under the command of Lieutenant Müller..." "... expendedhoursburningthe Jewish synagogue on Stawki Street..." "... uponrequestof theHealthMinistry after finding unsanitary conditions." "About the hostages taken to Pawiak." "We provided you with the paperwork." "Thirty liters of benzene were expended." "We will expect reimbursement from the Jewish Council." "Twenty zlotys per liter. 600 zlotys." "We will get you the funds." "About the other matter..." "... 23hostagesweretaken, some women and children..." "... allbecauseaPolishpoliceofficer was roughed up." "Certainly the children" "Paperwork?" "Here it is." "Commissar Auerswald..." "... youhaveappointedmetoadminister to the needs of 350,000 people." "It is impossible to manage under these circumstances." "I must ask you to release me from my position as head of the council." "That would be inadvisable." "The fine levied on each prisoner is 1 0,000 zlotys." "If the Jewish Council wishes to pay the full fine, 230,000 zlotys..." "... makesuretheydoso by 6 p.m. tomorrow." "You should get busy." "Stop." "What are you hiding there?" "Smells good." "Be better with jam, but... ." "Try it." "Get out of here." "My father's sick." "He needs it badly." "How badly?" "Please." "Tosia!" "Now get out of here." "Tosia, come." "Are you all right, Mama?" "I'm fine." "It's too dangerous to go out like you do." "Hello, dear." "Go, Rachel." "Papa?" "We're going to sell a few books." "We'll try and keep your favorites." "I think we need more." "Do you want another blanket?" "I won't allow you." "Do you hear me?" "I'm going to keep your favorites and I'll bring back bread." "Your mother thinks I don't know she's sewing for a rich woman." "I do." "Make sure she's careful on the streets." "It's so dangerous." "Promise me you won't tell her I know." "I promise." "We have to hurry, Rachel." "I promise, Papa." "Be careful on the other side." "I will be, Papa." "I will." "Now light the Shabbes candles." "Sorry I'm late." "You heard about the ransom demand?" "It's a terrible situation." "We must ask your men to speak to the relatives of the hostages." "See what they can contribute." "How much time do we have?" "Tomorrow night, 6:00." "For 38 years, this is on my hand." "Here." "Put it in the envelope, Mrs. Rochon." "Will you get my David back?" "He's a good boy." "They have no business taking him." "You are a good boy too." "Your mother must be proud, Calel." "Good day." "Captain Szerynski, this is the ring you wanted to see." "This is the money from Captain Szerynski's men." "This is all you received?" "Yes." "And you've counted it twice?" "No." "Three times." "They're short." "I know." "They're 80,000 zlotys short." "I know!" "It's 4:00." "Why didn't Szerynski call?" "He said he's doing his best." "Get me Rabbi Lebowicz." "Come, Rabbi." "Please." "Excuse me, but a rabbi should not go..." "... intoanestablishment of such ill repute." "Mr. Asher, in the Jewish faith, it's customary we demonstrate..." "... ourloveof God through our good deeds." "It is true." "And in this manner..." "... Godisabletobestow his great blessings upon us." "Also true." "I believe today you have a special opportunity..." "... todemonstrateyourloveofGod..." "... shouldyouwishtodoso ." "Preferably before 6 p.m." "Mr. Czerniakow..." "... Iwishto thankyou  for affording me..." "... thisspecialopportunity to receive God's blessing." "Should you ever bring a rabbi here again... ." "If you pull a stunt like this again, I'll kill you." "Make no mistake about it." "Commissar Auerswald!" "He is not here." "He must be." "There's a deadline for the hostages, 6:00." "He was called to Berlin for important meetings." "Then who's in charge?" "Do not stand so close to my desk." "Who is--?" "I'm asking you" "Who is in charge?" "I'm here to pay the full fine." "I know nothing about this." "He left no instructions." "Someone must." "Who's handling this?" "Step back from the desk!" "I do not wish your diseases." "This is the payment." "Call Pawiak." "Tell them it's been delivered." "Did you say Pawiak?" "Pawiak prison, yes. 23 hostages." "I saw a notice on Pawiak." "Here it is." ""On the authority of the commissar's office, 23 prisoners..." "... wereexecutedat 10 thismorning for crimes against the Polish people. "" "No." "These were not crimes." "There were no crimes." "These were innocent people." "There were children!" "You are with child." "Did you know there were children?" "I know nothing about this situation." "If you wish to discuss this, the commissar will return Tuesday." "Have you no connection?" "I have answered your questions." "You are free to go now." "This morning at 1 0:00..." "... the23hostages..." "... wereexecuted..." "... byorderof thecommissar'soffice." "I am very sorry." "How long have you been here?" "Six months?" "So you still don't want to tell me who your comrades are, huh?" "Maybe I can be more convincing." "Very convincing." "We've had 4000 deaths..." "... bystarvationandtyphus." "The population is 450,000." "They're rationing calories." "We're calculating 261 3 for German nationals..." "... 699forPolesand 184 forJews." "Auerswald's ordered the council to pay all costs..." "... laborandmaterial for this Ghetto wall." "I want you all to know I do not believe our situation" "I do not believe it to be hopeless." "I believe that if we remain strong..." "... andactive..." "... thatsomehow..." "... somesenseof reason will return." "That's it." "We must persevere." "Wait!" "Let me see what's in your coat!" "I don't have bread." "I see it!" "I don't!" "Leave me alone!" "I have money." "No!" "You have to give me the bread." "Ah, Yitzhak." "You look like crap." "Danke." "But you were never good-looking to begin with." "Danke." "Don't worry." "He'll survive." "Yitzhak, I brought you a little something." "A gift from my travels." "The first of many, I hope." "Here." "In case you run into trouble again." "We'll put a stop to this, yes?" "We've begun bringing factions into one underground organization." "And the Bund, are they with us?" "They're still unconvinced." "We have so much to do and so little time." "We've organized underground kitchens, schools and hospitals." "It's our own little society." "It's just surrounded by a brick wall." "What about--?" "No." "I have been unable to get you a meeting with Czerniakow." "He refuses." "He refuses." "I don't see him." "Do you?" "His car is there." "Over there with Szerynski and that pest, Calel." "He'll be here." "So, what made you give up your fancy car and join the Resistance?" "There's no better way to meet women." "Under these circumstances." "Always the idealist, huh?" "There he is." "Sir?" "So you refuse to meet my friend." "Tell me, my recently departed driver..." "... whomamIrefusingtomeet?" "Mordechai Anielewicz." "Ringleblum's friend, who has an interest in history." "And in protecting our people." "And you think writing up flyers and underground meetings..." "... andpreparingresistance will accomplish this?" "It's not all I propose." "We must strike back any way we can." "And the German "collective responsibility"?" "You are proposing to spit at them." "They'll retaliate against innocents..." "... evenharderthantheydid last time." "They suffer anyway." "They die of disease, starvation and worse..." "... andyounegotiate as if Germans are reasonable?" "Yes, I do." "I try to minimize the harm." "So do we!" "Please, give us a chance." "Give us support to get started." "Yours is a romantic notion that will get you all killed." "And I will not support them." "I will not." "And you should be wearing a hat." "In this weather you can get pneumonia." "Good day." "And five, six..." "... seven,eight." "Plié and stretch." "Relevé, down." "Grand plié  five,six..." "... seven,eight." "Grand plié  one,two,three,four." "They're gone." "It's clear." "They're gone." "So you talked to Czerniakow?" "What did he say?" "He won't support us now." "What about later?" "We're going to be more persuasive." "Perhaps we can rendezvous tonight and discuss your views more fully." "We must talk about many things." "We must find women couriers..." "... whocanpassasGentiles and work on the Aryan side." "Why not men who can pass?" "Clara." "Men do not fare as well in a strip search." "Circumcision." "I know you think it's dangerous, but I have some bread for you." "Look." "I have bread for you!" "One, two, three" "The children marching Sun themselves, one, two, three" "You're okay here?" "Yes." "Because you can stay with me." "You know this?" "It's fine with me." "You feel safer here, don't you?" "Yes." "On the street, I'm afraid." "And if you were to be taken, I would be alone." "You've been thinking about this." "Okay." "Go to class." "Go." "Tosia, is this the child?" "Yes." "You found her near the cemetery?" "Correct." "And lack the resources to care for her?" "I have nothing." "This child is not well." "Mrs. Linder, can we afford to take another child?" "We cannot." "We cannot take another child." "But then, we have no choice, do we?" "I want you to meet my family." "Yes." "My wife, Elza." "Pleasure, madame." "This is Calel Wasser, one of our finest young officers." "And this is our daughter, Inka." "We'll let you two get acquainted." "We have reports of mass killings in the village where your parents live." "No one survived." "And the rumor the Gestapo's offered you a certificate to Palestine?" "It is not a rumor." "It is the truth." "I refused." "Thank you for your help raising money for us." "I wish I could do more for the children." "Then, by all means..." "... domore." "Do not lose your temper." "Let me do the talking." "You do it." "Mr. Chairman?" "You have received our latest request?" "I have." "You want to buy arms." "And the council?" "They're aware." "And?" "You want to buy guns." "And then what?" "Jewish honor." "Jewish honor." "A father who's hiding his son is not honorable." "A rabbi who is teaching a child his lessons is not honorable." "A mother taking care of her children and many more, she is not either." "No." "For you, honor can only come out of the barrel of a gun." "You talk about Jewish honor." "I talk about Jewish responsibility." "Call it what you like." "Will the council support the Resistance?" "No, they will actively oppose it." "What?" "You've heard of the mass killings!" "Not rumors, but facts from our own people." "Outside Chelmno, thousands of Jews were taken in sealed vans..." "... withhosespumpinggas intothem ." "I know this because my parents were among them." "I am sorry for your loss." "But the largest armies in the world..." "... havenotbeenable to defeat the Nazis." "What makes you think..." "... ahandfulof untrainedJewish citizens with pistols will prevail?" "Instead of opposing them..." "... you'dleaveourpeople'sfate  in their hands." "Mothers protected their children from the gas." "When they were found alive..." "... theGermansswungthemagainst trees to kill them." "Graphic enough?" "That's not the point." "That is!" "Then let's just salute." "Salute?" "Salute what?" "Your followers." "Your foot soldiers." "My what?" "They're all over there." "In the parade." "That's your honor, chairman." "Halt!" "Halt!" "Halt!" "This is an illegal gathering!" "You're to return to your homes immediately." "Is this really necessary?" "I struggle to find why our recital is injurious to the Third Reich." "That concludes today's program." "Please join us tomorrow for a very special salute..." "... toRichardWagner." "Goodevening." "Jew!" "Play something for us." "We've been instructed to go home." "I instruct you now." "Play something." "You." "Play something." "Kazik, grab the guns." "I'm sorry about your friend." "What were you doing?" "Avenging a murder." "They'll retaliate!" "They do what they want anyway." "This isn't a responsible organization!" "Then we're not one." "No, you!" "You mustn't act impulsively!" "We must plan every action!" "I'm sick of watching, waiting, of standing by, being passive!" "I won't do it anymore!" "We are not passive!" "Prudent in our actions." "We need to get weapons from the Polish underground." "Arie needs help." "You'll look after my sister?" "I will look after Gina." "Go." "Five, six, seven" "Move!" "What is this?" "You are Czerniakow, chairman of the council?" "I'm Dr. Fritz Hippler, with the Public Information Office." "Under Goebbels, we're documenting Ghetto life." "We wish you to participate." "What do you wish me to do?" "Conduct business as you would." "What is this?" "This makes the picture look good." "I would not have that." "Good." "Now, I want you people..." "... totalkandconductbusiness as you would on any normal day." "Have a seat." "Are we ready?" "Yeah." "And roll camera." "And begin." "Begin talking." "Adam." "Yes, Nathan." "Are you aware there's a rather large candelabra on your desk?" "Yes, I'm aware." "Keep talking." "And that wax is dripping on your work?" "Yes, I see that." "Then why would you have it on your desk..." "... ifitdripsonyour work ?" "I have it, Nathan, because it is good for the picture." "Stop." "Stop." "Stop." "Just a moment, please." "Excuse me." "The lighting is all wrong." "Look." "He has a good Hebrew nose, and I can't see it." "Commissar Auerswald, there is talk about deportations..." "... andtheputtingtodeath of people in the camps." "Just talk." "Rumors." "I can assure you, no truth to them whatsoever." "Places, people!" "Please?" "Would you sit down, please, in your chair?" "Can we see that?" "Yes, that's much better." "There's one thing, though." "You're all being very still." "Too still." "Jews move their hands when they talk." "So move your hands more, yes?" "Let me see that." "Like this." "Bigger." "And you?" "Very good." "Yes, that's... ." "Something like that." "Good." "All right." "Roll camera and begin talking." "And use your hands." "Adam." "What?" "Are you aware there's a candelabra on your desk?" "Yes, Nathan." "You can rest assured I am fully aware..." "... ofallthatistranspiring." "An essential trait of the Jew is that he always tries  to hide his origin when among non-Jews." "People!" "I want you to work faster." "Wherever rats turn up  they carry destruction to the land and spread diseases just as the Jews do among mankind." "This is a conspiracy against all non-Jews by a sick, deceitful, poisoned race against the Aryan peoples and their moral laws." "Thank you, Marek." "Enjoy your work, but do it faster!" "Remember:" ""Work will make you free. "" "Come on, Sarah." "For you, two work permits." "Listen to me." "These two cards right here, they will save your life." "All Jews, regardless of sex and age, with some exceptions..." "... aretobe deportedtowork camps in the East by 4 p.m." "Today, we expect you to provide a contingent of 6000 people." "This will be the minimum daily quota." "The children in orphanages" "Regardless of sex and age." "Perhaps" "Regardless of sex and age." "Lieutenant, I am Adam Czerniakow." "Chairman of the Jewish Council." "I've been given assurances..." "... atthehighestlevel, concerning the treatment of children." "I fully expect those assurances to be honored." "Kindly sign this proclamation." "I will not." "Mr. Czerniakow..." "... ifthedeportationisimpeded in any way by you or your people..." "... theconsequenceswillbedire ." "This is an assault on our existence as a people!" "What do we do in this horror?" "Do we sit and wait..." "... forthenextslapintheface from the enemy?" "Or do we hide within ourselves so the blows don't hurt us so much?" "Or do we look to God and pray for the Messiah to come?" "Messiah, are you coming?" "I don't think he is." "So what do we do?" "We use our hands and arms..." "... ourlives,ourdeaths, and we fight back, we resist." "If you can't fight, run or hide." "But you must resist." "You must." "Rachel!" "Mama!" "Mama, show them the permits!" "Show them!" "I did but they didn't care!" "I want to go with you!" "I want to go with you!" "Those willing to resist must work together." "We must share arms, information and-- What?" "We must leave for Warsaw." "What is it?" "We must leave." "Now." "They've asked me to kill children with my own hands." "This I cannot do." "Signed, Adam  Czerniakow." "Don't forget your diaries." "There'll be time to record your thoughts." "You said we had 1 5 minutes!" "And we will take our 1 5 minutes!" "And when we get to the camp we will all get to see..." "... themostbeautiful..." "... pinetreesandbirchtrees." "And if there are beautiful trees, what else will we see?" "Birds!" "Birds." "Yes." "That's right." "And what else?" "Rabbits?" "Rabbits, yes." "Very good." "And?" "Squirrels." "Squirrels." "Very good, Leon." "Many, many squirrels." "Don't forget the flag." "There'll be many adventures here One, two, three" "One, two, three" "One, two, three One, two, three" "Don't let them know you're afraid." "Don't let them know." "Children are marching down the road One, two, three" "Do your Bund friends have contacts with rail workers?" "Yes." "Can you make it out again?" "I can try." "Go, Z ygmunt, follow the trains." "Tell us definitively where they are going." "Above the road the sun is shining Smiling at the children" "One, two, three One, two, three" "Forward, forward There'll be many adventures here" "I'm separated from my wife and children." "Can I find them so we can board together?" "On the train." "No, sir, please." "Take these." "They are worth a lot." "Give me a minute!" "I beg you!" "On the train!" "On the train!" "Dr. Korczak." "Why are you here?" "You are exempt from this order." "What about the children?" "The children must board." "Then I will do as well." "You mustn't do this." "I won't allow you on the train." "Then kill me here and now in front of the children." "Let me stay with you!" "Don't let me go with my parents!" "I'll be safe with you!" "Don't let them take me away!" "Don't let them take me away!" "What is it?" "Where are we going?" "Marek said they want workers, but they're not taking cripples." "It's your only chance." "Quickly now!" "Before the guard returns!" "It's your only chance." "But I am a dancer." "Clara, hold your breath." "Gina was taken to the camps." "Z ygmunt is back from Treblinka." "Z ygmunt..." "... it'sMordechai." "Can you tell us what you saw?" "Collect yourself..." "... andtellus ." "Children, women..." "... bythethousands..." "... gassedtodeathinshowers." "They can hide everything..." "... butnotthestenchofthedead." "This is the map of a camp of death." "This is the map of Treblinka." "And the people pleading for their lives with this scum!" "This scum!" "I want their blood on my hands." "We know that Adam Czerniakow has committed suicide." "We now know that 300,000 Warsaw Jews..." "... havebeensenttoTreblinka, a death camp, or simply murdered." "For now, deportations have ceased." "When they resume, we will no longer submit." "We're going to respond with armed resistance!" "We must use this time to root out traitors..." "... acquireweapons, prepare our plan..." "... andtoletall  who remain in the Ghetto know..." "... thatwecanand will fight our enemy now!" "With all Jewish groups finally under one banner, with one purpose!" "Perhaps we can save some lives or remove a few Germans." "But this much I promise you." "We will live with honor!" "And we will die with honor." "Jewish honor." "I am ashamed..." "... ofwhatIhavebeen partyto." "I am a lawyer by training." "I just wanted to save my family, to survive, like everyone else." "Now I am..." "... ashamedtowearmyuniform." "You should be ashamed." "And stop crying like a child." "I don't trust him." "Send him on a mission." "I don't trust him!" "We'll see which side he's on." "Zachariah will observe." "If he fails, we'll execute him..." "... liketheotherswho have been cruel to their own people." "If not, keep him in uniform." "A policeman working for us is useful." "We want you to go to the Aryan side to smuggle weapons." "Are you willing to do that?" "Yes." "Good." "She has no family anymore." "This is a map of Treblinka." "Get it to one of our couriers." "It must get to England." "Do you see your name?" "Viatia." "Viatia Savitska." "Viatia Savitska." "You are to hide this map inside your shoe." "I say we go out in broad daylight and shoot as many as we can." "Forget dying in a blaze of glory!" "Why give them the satisfaction?" "We should wait so we can acquire more weapons and train." "No, we have to escape to the woods..." "... createa largerorganization and fight from outside the Ghetto." "We'll never make it!" "We'll be informed on and slaughtered!" "Let's take them hostage and make them listen to German folk music..." "... untiltheylosetheirminds." "This is serious!" "Every day of peace is another day..." "... toprepareforanorganizedattack." "We need to send messages to the Jewish police and council..." "... toourownpeopleandtothe Nazis." "We need to do it now." "We can't wait." "They have to know we mean business." "Even if it means using up" "All the weapons?" "Then we pray." "For what?" "For Tosia to get the map out." "And for she and Arie to smuggle more weapons back in." "Go in the shack." "Come on, go in the shack." "Place of work?" "The Schmidt foundry." "Location?" "Chmielna 2." "Give me your coat and dress." "Now the rest." "Want these too?" "Shoes." "I said shoes." "Do you want me to use this?" "Another one." "Another one!" "A Jew has escaped." "We must capture him!" "Quickly." "Get dressed and get out of here." "Quickly." "Where are you going?" "To work." "I just passed my inspection." "Hey, Jew, what are you selling today?" "Viatia." "It's Kazik." "I couldn't get close to the gate." "It wasn't safe." "I followed your wagon." "Come, walk." "Blackmailers up ahead." "We need to laugh." "Laugh?" "Yes." "Jews look down." "Jews look sad." "Jews avert their eyes." "Blackmailers can smell fear." "So can you laugh?" "Try again." "No." "If you do it, you do it big." "Like this." "I said sleep, not sheep." "Sleep!" "Not bad." "Keep practicing." "So he was good." "I want to arrange a meeting with your boss, Szerynski." "You can accomplish this?" "Yes." "Good." "I'm sorry." "It's been in my shoe for a couple days." "Gives it character." "Do you realize this map of Treblinka will travel by special courier..." "... alltheway to Prime Minister Churchill?" "With the other documents, it should persuade the Allies..." "... togetus weapons to bomb the German trains..." "... andhopefullyeventhe deathcamps." "Do you understand now?" "Yes." "Come on." "Z ygmunt, let's go!" "Captain, I have a message from the Jewish Fighting Organization." "For traitorous activities and collaboration..." "... youhavebeentried and condemned to death." "Goodbye." "Goodbye?" "Papa!" "Is it too heavy?" "No, I can carry it." "But what if it gets dropped?" "You wouldn't want to drop dynamite." "I know, but what if something falls?" "You wouldn't want that." "What if it gets bumped?" "Bumped could be okay." "Good work." "Good job, Calel." "Calel, welcome." "Welcome to the family." "Now the Germans will come to us." "Hey, lady, wait!" "Hold on." "Remember: one round, one German." "No wasted rounds." "Okay, front row kneels." "All right." "Steady." "Tosia." "Viatia." "You're with friends here." "Steady and fire!" "Good." "And steady... ." "Mordechai, Tosia has brought us gifts." "Perfect timing." "When can we expect more?" "Arie said momentarily." "He'll smuggle them personally." "Good." "Steady..." "... andfire!" "Devorah, I said aim." "It's very important to aim." "Almost as important as firing itself." "Frania." "Marek, look what Tosia has brought us." "Good rule of thumb: never pat the bomb-maker on the back..." "... whilehe'sworking." "What's this?" "Dynamite." "Excellent." "I also need..." "... potassiumchlorate." "I also need..." "... bottles.Canyouget those?" "I'll try." "I also need new lungs." "He worked in the hospital lab." "This is more fun." "Anything else, Mr. Engineer?" "More." "Just more of everything." "More." "You're under arrest!" "Put down your bombs and return to the Umschlagplatz!" "Heil Shitler!" "Heil Hitler!" "Intelligence estimates there are only 40,000 left, Reichsführer Himmler." "I'm disappointed, Colonel von Sammern." "There are so many." "They sabotaged our factories, attacked our soldiers." "There." "Look." "You see?" "And another." "We have an understanding?" "Absolutely." "So that would bring us here, right?" "Who's that girl with the pistol?" "Devorah Baron." "She's with Marek and Gutman at the brushmakers." "Such a coincidence." "I was thinking I should be stationed at the brushmakers." "Don't you agree, boss?" "It's a blockade." "We are surrounded." "Mordechai!" "It's a blockade." "We are surrounded." "All right." "Let's go!" "Guns up here, ammo up here!" "You know what to do!" "We've been waiting for this!" "Get the guns out!" "Don't forget your ammo!" "Clara, let's go!" "Come on!" "Out!" "Out!" "Get in line!" "Get in line, I said!" "Up here!" "There are Jews inside!" "They're inside." "Here!" "Look out!" "Move!" "Look out!" "Get down!" "Look out!" "Come and get me!" "Come and get me!" "That's enough!" "Get out of here!" "Come on, it's enough." "Let's go!" "No!" "Let's go!" "Now!" "We'll fight later." "Come on!" "Now!" "Yitzhak, he's dead." "Please!" "Get him off." "Enough!" "Tosia, Arie, let's go." "Grab the guns and ammunition." "Hurry, grab the guns!" "For the first time we've stopped deportations." "For the first time, the enemy knows who we are as a people." "They know we'll resist." "That we'll fight." "That they'll pay for their murder." "What they don't know is how long and how successfully we'll battle." "We'll light a torch of resistance and it will burn so brightly..." "... thatotherseverywhere will be inspired to resist as well." "For Stoshe..." "... forMichael,forLeon..." "... forAriel,forZee ..." "... andforClara..." "... whosacrificedtheirlives for our dignity..." "... amoment,please, of reflection and of silence." "I have good news to report." "Faced with ferocious Jewish resistance, the Germans have surrendered." "Hitler has apologized for the inconvenience." "The Jews have won." "I'll notify the Allies." "What for?" "What have they done for us?" "My favorite thing about the zoo is the animals." "They won't turn you in." "What about that Polish monkey there?" "No, he's okay." "He used to date my cousin, Ida." "This letter goes to Klepfisch as soon as you leave." "Follow my lead." "Sorry." "I was just being protective." "Arie..." "... ifyou'dliketobemy boyfriend, that's all right with me." "I'll be going on missions." "If I don't come back..." "... Iwantsomeonetoknow  I didn't come back." "Stop." "Sir, this man died on the Aryan side." "I have orders to take him to the Jewish cemetery." "What's in the box?" "A Jew named Izzy." "Good work, lzzy." "You really are a very good stinker." "Did Arie say anything?" "He said there are more are on the way." "But for now, 50 pistols and two rifles." "My father always said:" ""Study hard, get a degree so you won't have to dig ditches. "" "The home army is impressed with our actions." "It's just a start." "I hope." "Throw it quickly!" "Look!" "You both want to stay here to fight." "Fine." "Arie's sources are hiding, terrified he'll talk." "Arie won't talk." "Arie will not talk." "We know." "They don't." "Can we get him out?" "It'll be difficult." "What'll it cost?" "It's not a matter of money." "We must focus on his sources." "Come on, decide." "You know Aryan culture." "Your face is better." "Listen" "I'll be recognized." "My language is foreign." "What if they ask where I'm from?" "What if someone denounces me?" "You want to flip a coin?" "Come on, Yitzhak." "Bring us back the weapons." "Look at this." "You look like a Polish businessman." "If anyone asks, you came to buy shirts, okay?" "The guards have been greased." "Look, this suit." "It's all we found on short notice." "It's ridiculous." "You look fine." "Really." "Nice ankles." "Your documents." "Your new identity." "Witold." "It's good work." "I know." "Frania will take you to Tosia, who'll arrange your contact with the Poles." "Where's Frania?" "There with Julian." "She's one of our best." "Good." "I'll be watching your back." "That makes me feel much better." "Well." "I'm just across the street." "How is he?" "He won't win any beauty contests." "Welcome back." "You all right?" "I've been better." "Conserve your strength." "Just rest." "You'll fight later, just get better." "I need to ask you" "I didn't tell them anything." "Rest." "Kazik, how did you get him out?" "We did nothing." "The Gestapo made a mistake and accepted our bribe." "Even when I believe you, I think you're making it up." "There's a vote of confidence for you." "1 929 Lafite Rothschild." "Flawless." "Its bouquet will last a century." "Have yourself a sip, Dr. Fritz Hippler." "You won't regret it." "Do I lie?" "Is it not flawless?" "Yes, it's very good." "Good?" "It's not good." "This is exquisite." "I liked your movie The Eternal Jew." "It was relentless." "As the French would say:" ""Without pity. "" "The Eternal Jew." "What a terrifying title." "A big nose." "Fruity." "What do you think?" "I agree." "You're not a wine aficionado, are you?" "No, not really." "It's a Jewish wine, made by Jewish viticulture." "Rothschild." "Surprising, isn't it?" "Enough about wine." "In confidence..." "... you'vespenttimearound Colonel von Sammern, yes?" "Tell me about him." "Where should I start?" "With the engagement when his troops were first fired upon..." "... bythesubhumans of the Jewish sector." "German soldiers are massing outside the Ghetto by the hundreds." "Caliber?" "9 millimeter." "One German, two Germans, three Germans." "Caliber?" "7.62." "7.92 carbine." "Julian, how did you get the rifle?" "My eyesight." "Julian?" "I don't miss." "One German platoon." "Z ygmunt?" "7.92." "Everyone's in place." "They're singing." "The bastards are singing." "Go, get down!" "Isaac, Sarah, move!" "Good shot!" "Treblinka!" "Bring Dr. Hippler here." "Hit the open tank hatch!" "Why are you filming?" "I was assigned by Goebbels to film." "He says the film will outlast us all." "Victory will last!" "This is not it." "Depends where you put the camera." "Did he think he could waltz his army in like sightseers on holiday?" "All is lost." "We've retreated." "Many are dead or wounded." "I know." "I was there." "We must respond with force." "From the reichsführer." "Reichsführer Himmler..." "... promisedHitleraWarsawfree  of Jews by his birthday, tomorrow." "And if other Jews are emboldened..." "... ifothersectorsinitiate uprisings, it spreads to the Poles--?" "You see the implications?" "The cause for concern?" "Under orders of high command, you're relieved of your post forthwith." "And to avoid any unnecessary strain..." "... betweenGerman-Austrianfactions in the SS ranks..." "... theorderforyourexecution has been withdrawn." "You are dismissed." "We're still here, who would've bet?" "Now with real weapons to fight with." "Julian, well done." "Look!" "Our little nation." "Did you ever think in your lifetime you would see this?" "What is he doing?" "Either he's showing his troops he's not afraid or he likes his table." "Give those out to the officers." "Good for their nerves." "Dr. Hippler." "Yes, sir?" "I don't care where you put the camera, just don't film the flags." "But it makes for a better story." "They show what our soldiers overcame to achieve victory." "General Krüger was explicit" "Do not shoot the flags." "Unless he shows up personally and instructs you." "Is that clear?" "Crystal clear." "I should wake Marek." "Marek, wake up!" "Now?" "Not yet." "Now?" "Six more." "Now." "Dozens of our men were killed, more wounded at the brushmakers." "Pull the tank out!" "Pull the tank out!" "Further." "No." "Further." "Hold your positions!" "It's not safe for you here!" "Hold your positions!" "Quickly." "Far enough?" "Dear Yitzhak, I don 't know what to write." "Let's dispense with personal details this time." "I've only one expression to describe our feelings:" "Things have surpassed our dreams." ""The Germans ran away twice." "One unit held out for 40 minutes, one for six hours." "Now that the pistol has no value we practically don't use it." "We need grenades, rifles, machine guns and explosives." "Your friend in arms, Mordechai. "" "I did say that, Reichsführer Himmler." "They are crafty, but we will put an immediate end to this uprising." "Not today." "Two or three days, perhaps." "Excuse me." "Yes, of course." "Yes, reichsführer." "Now they're serious." "Go!" "Get in the basement!" "Bring everybody in from the roof!" "Get Calel in!" "Pull back, bring everybody in!" "Pull back!" "Fire!" "Get out of here!" "Hold your breath!" "Hurry!" "To the right!" "Who are these people?" "Civilians." "Assemble the fighters right away." "I have corrected your mistake." "There were no casualties today." "There are no mistakes" "There are no mistakes now!" "Have you apprehended the leaders yet?" "Not yet, sir." "I'm not looking for an explanation." "I want an answer." "That would be, "We've captured and destroyed the leadership. "" "Heil Hitler!" "I have a message from Himmler." "I've begun to get us out of a disgrace." "Do you wish to hear what the reichsführer has to say?" "Of course." "As a lover of Wagner, he said you've conducted the overture..." "... tothisoperationmagnificently." "Particularly compared to von Sammern." "He went on to say, "Play on, maestro." "The führer and I won't forget you. "" "We in London have information concerning the mass murder of the Jews in Poland, committed by Germany." "The courier got through." "No other way they could've gotten those details." "If the Allies bomb the railroads, or camps or Warsaw, we'll have a chance." "Do you really think?" "Sure." "Scum!" "Jewish police scum!" "What's he doing here?" "Leave him!" "He made my children go to the trains!" "I'll kill you with my hands!" "He's a fighter now!" "He's fighting for you now." "You took my mother!" "They're right." "What they said, I did." "I know, and you know I know." "Listen to me." "We don't have time to dwell on the past." "There's only time to plan for our immediate future." "The weapons didn't make it." "Our weapons were intercepted." "And they discovered the tunnel at Muranowska." "It was no longer safe." "Today is Easter, right?" "Tosia, you're going out for fresh air." "Take these explosives to Mordechai." "You must get them to the fighters!" "Get back, everybody!" "Out for a Sunday stroll, Jew bitch?" "We won't follow you all day." "3000 zlotys or we introduce you to the Gestapo." "Okay, let's go." "Let's go." "I want to see the little room." "What little room?" "The room the Gestapo reserves for pathetic crooks..." "... whowastetheirtime turning in fellow Poles." "I understand those thugs are given the full treatment." "So, let's go." "Let's go!" "I'll create a diversion!" "A fine marksman." "They call them "parachutists" or "balloonists. "" "They've devised a game." "The winner delivers the most bullets to the jumper before he lands." "Photographs of this will be invaluable to historians of the Third Reich." "It'll be useful as training material for the SS..." "... andasalivingdocument of the sacrifices..." "... theNordicracesmadetorid the world of the Jews." "All the exits are blocked." "We have to leave." "If there's no way out, we'll be easy targets." "I'll go out first." "I'll get their attention." "What are you talking about?" "You once asked me:" ""Can a moral man maintain his moral code in an immoral world?"" "Here's my answer." "Rot in hell, you bastards!" "Paradise." "Lost." "Follow me." "Julian, guard the rear." "It's Kazik!" "Quick, follow me." "Devorah, Zachariah!" "This way." "The relativity Jew, Albert Einstein." "Who masked his hatred of Germans behind his obscure pseudo-sciences." "The art of propaganda is not well understood, is it?" "Keep it simple, repeat it until it takes on a life of its own." "Becomes the truth, in effect." "We're not the only ones fighting the war on film." "The Allies have hired Frank Capra." "Should I know that name?" "He's a successful Hollywood filmmaker." "A little sappy for my taste, but at the top of his game." "Americans weren't interested in going to war..." "... sohewasbroughtin to popularize the notion." "Worse, he stole footage I commissioned and used it for ridicule." "As I say, it all depends on where you put the camera..." "... andwhois tellingthe story." "These are not the Aryan women from my hometown of Detmold." "They are acrobatic sharpshooters, fighting demons, Amazons." "I don't buy this business about Jewish women bewitching Aryans." "She is expressive, though." "Careful with the basket!" "Is she all right?" "Hurt yourself?" "I'm all right." "What have you brought us?" "Dynamite." "Excellent." "You understand, the considerations we face today are extremely complex?" "Of course." "There are those in the home army, here and in London..." "... thatfeelthetransferofweapons to untrained Jewish street fighters..." "... isa futileandwastefuluse of our limited resources." "And what if this Jewish uprising were to spread?" "The Polish underground is not equipped to fight Germany." "Thousands would be slaughtered." "We cannot allow that." "May I remind you we are Polish citizens?" "Perhaps these influences..." "... aresecretlygrateful for ridding the country of Jews." "I pray to God you can rise above those influences." "The considerations are complex." "That may be, but the considerations my people face are simple." "In fact, I'd have to say..." "... theconsiderationsmy peopleface are positively elemental." "We must have arms." "We must have explosives!" "We must have something other than our fists and bricks..." "... andourunbreakablewill." "Immediately!" "You take no risk!" "And if you fail to act..." "... ourbloodwillbeonyourhands." "Mommy!" "Mommy!" "Hands up!" "Hands up!" "Check the holes!" "Take your clothes off!" "Right now, hands up!" "Your plan sounds reasonable." "Your reports to Himmler make it seem as if things were going well." "But they aren't now." "General Krüger, in a short while, the Jewish sector will be no more." "Every building will be razed." "Then we'll bring these vermin to the surface or bury them." "A short while?" "This group has held off the German military longer than all of Poland." "Is that a short while?" "It would make your job and mine easier if your reports weren 't so optimistic and our casualties were..." "Get the guns and ammo!" "... shallwesay,less." "To be perfectly blunt." "The others are secure." "Follow me." "There's a bunker at Mila 1 8." "These are your fighters, Kazik?" "Okay, go." "Schmuel Asher, Mordechai Anielewicz." "Hello." "Hi." "I've heard about you and your group." "Now let me show you around my basement empire." "Auschwitz." "Treblinka." "Sobibor." "And there is Mauthausen." "We have running water." "We have electricity." "But it's too hot..." "... andthedustishorrible for my allergies." "Good to see you." "Come on, I'll show you something." "There are five entrances and five exits." "They come in handy in my line of work." "This way." "Who's winning?" "Whatever is ours is yours." "Well, not really everything." "The Poles won't give us weapons." "Any word from Tosia?" "None." "Tuvia was unable to get to Yitzhak." "I'll go." "Not until your ankle heals." "Kazik, I want you to go." "Bring Z ygmunt with you." "Tuvia couldn't make it, so send Kazik." "What makes you think we can succeed?" "You're going through the tunnel." "What tunnel?" "At Muranowska." "It's there for special occasions." "The question is, how safe is it?" "Yes, that is a good question." "It's risky, but worth it." "If Yitzhak's found guns and supplies, we can hold out." "Even if he hasn't, it's critical we find a way out." "We're playing cat and mouse with Stroop." "We can't hold out forever." "Yesterday, we were seeking safe passage to Palestine." "Today, we seek safe passage across the street." "Our world has gotten pretty small." "Luck." "Luck." "Go." "Make me proud." "Make yourself proud." "I'm instructing Zivia and Marek to assemble a small squad." "They are to find an exit out of the Ghetto through the sewer canals." "This will be difficult, if not impossible, as we know." "The maze of canals is vast and confusing." "Those who wish to leave will be given the opportunity." "Those who wish to stay will do so." "Perhaps it'll be possible..." "... toconnectwiththe partisans in the forest to continue our fight." "Perhaps not." "But throughout our difficult struggle..." "... wehavebeendetermined to preserve one choice:" "How we die." "Whether it be here, in an airless bunker, or elsewhere." "I don't know." "But I can assure you of one thing:" "The spirit of our deaths... ." "The spirit of our deaths..." "... willshapethesoul of a new generation." "A new nation of Jews." "All right." "Let's wish Zivia and Marek luck." "Luck!" "And we continue." "You're a sight for sore eyes." "So are you." "And..." "... Julian?" "He's our best marksman." "No!" "Kazik, it's all right!" "Tell me." "Something is not right." "What?" "The fighting has decreased." "They only attack at night." "They are playing possum." "The informer's told us where the command bunker is." "I think it's accurate." "That is good news, isn't it?" "Too good." "Too easy." "Is your ankle better?" "Yes." "If you want to go with the others, you can." "I'd rather stay and fight with you, if that's all right." "It's all right." "Where are the sewer workers?" "I don't know what happened." "They were paid to guide us." "But they haven't shown up." "We need to go." "It's too dangerous." "We're going into the Ghetto." "If not the sewers, over the wall." "Are you crazy?" "We have no chance without a plan!" "Nor do they if we don't get them out!" "And if we get shot?" "I'm going." "How will you get them out?" "Are you with me or not?" "We have no chance without the guide to take us in the sewers and out." "Do you see a guide?" "Do you?" "There is no sewer worker!" "Are you with me or not?" "I will go with you, Yitzhak." "Make your own funeral arrangements." "I will not carry your coffin." "I will accompany you, but he makes sense." "Maybe we should try again tomorrow with the Poles." "We can't rely on the Poles." "We can't rely on anyone else to get us in!" "Zivia, when you get to the sewer, go left." "And let's hope for the best." "I will cover your escape." "Go, before you forget why you're leaving." "We'll be back." "Goodbye, Zachariah." "Be good, Zach." "Come on, you're already a day late." "Let's go!" "Follow me." "Tell our friends to keep their spirits up." "This way." "What is it?" "I just had..." "... themostridiculousdream." "It was so vivid." "I was sleeping..." "... andyoursister,Gina, came and woke me up." "She took me outside..." "... tothisbeautifulgarden." "There were..." "... grapesandnutsand figs." "It's very biblical, huh?" "Then she took me..." "... toa basket." "And there was a baby inside it." "And she said..." "... thathewasmine." "My child." "I took him..." "... andI heldhiminmyarms." "Tell me the history of The Eternal Jew." "How did your film come to be?" "Goebbels commissioned it." "It was his idea..." "... hispetproject." "He felt Germans weren't anti-Semitic enough." "It didn't come as easy to them as the Poles or French or even the English." "The film was the underpinning of the führer's plan for racial purity." "Halt!" "Quiet!" "Check that tunnel." "See if it's passable, Mira." "Tosia, down there." "Devorah?" "Down there, Julian." "They can't have found all five exits." "Hurry!" "Completely blocked." "No." "Mira!" "No." "It's not safe." "Julian?" "It's clear." "We can make it out with a small group." "Maybe there's a way to the sewers through the sewer wall." "That way?" "Yeah." "Tosia, go with Maya, see if it's possible." "Mira, hurry!" "As many as can go." "We need reinforcements!" "Try to outflank them!" "Spread out!" "Create a diversion." "Hurry up, Julian." "Die!" "The Ghetto is through this." "Good, lead me." "No, I go no further." "You've been paid to lead me." "I show you." "That's all." "As a member of the home army, it's my mission..." "... torescueChristianPoles trapped in the Ghetto." "If you do not wish to cooperate, then I'll give you a simple choice." "Lead me or die." "That is your choice." "Follow me." "Good decision." "The exits are sealed." "The fighters are all dead." "Okay, we stay." "We fight here." "Yeah, let's go!" "This way." "Quickly, come on." "How much further until the Ghetto?" "Everything's sealed." "Get into position." "lf you don't have a gun, hide!" "One person over here!" "Come on, move!" "Every exit!" "Go see if they've made any progress!" "Move!" "Another wall." "Tosia, have you found an entrance to the sewer canals?" "Not yet." "Hurry." "We are." "I don't think they'll make it through soon enough." "All right." "Take your position." "You've done well." "I wonder if Zivia's group made it." "Zivia will find a way out." "I would've bet Kazik found a way back." "He won't disappoint you." "Let me ask you, how do you manage to always be so positive..." "... sooptimistic,so supportive?" "I'm lucky." "To luck, huh?" "To luck." "Go through right now." "I'll go get Mordechai." "This way." "If you sense gas..." "... coveryourfaceswithawet cloth  and stay low to the ground!" "I found a way out!" "I found a way out through the sewer!" "Stay low!" "Low to the ground!" "Keep low!" "Come on, Mira!" "Save a bullet for yourself!" "Has anyone seen Mordechai?" "Everyone follow me this way!" "I found a way out!" "Let's give them a greeting they'll remember." "Mordechai!" "Zivia!" "Devorah!" "Tosia... ." "Kazik?" "Tosia." "You're alive." "Tosia?" "Where are the others?" "A few of us made it out to the sewers..." "... butMordechai,Mira,almostall the rest, died here in the bunker." "How did you get in?" "I thought..." "... IwasthelastJewinthe Ghetto ." "The last one." "How did you get in?" "Paradise." "Run!" "Run!" "In the tunnel!" "All right." "Stay back." "Back!" "Paradise." "Paradise." "Lost." "It's a miracle!" "We were lost." "Walking in circles." "A miracle!" "Have you been to the other side?" "Yes, he has." "Then he is our leader." "All right." "Heil Hitler." "An SS informant says some of the leaders are still alive." "They took the sewers to the Aryan side..." "... tojointhepartisans and continue the fight." "The major wanted me to inform you as soon as possible." "You need a truck." "We have a truck." "We need it for two nights." "Trucks are expensive." "Drivers are expensive." "I thought you might say this." "Wait!" "All right, under here." "Stick with your gun." "Watch your head." "Come under here." "All right, Zivia." "Is it safe?" "Come through." "You must be quick, the water's rising." "Come through." "Where's the boy and the girl?" "She's coming through." "Sarah." "Isaac, come here." "I'll go through." "Everybody through?" "We have to get through quickly!" "Look out!" "Where's my baby?" "The children!" "Baby!" "Come on!" "It's welded shut." "It's closed!" "A little further, it opens to a canal." "The beginning of the Aryan side." "We are at Prosta Street on the Aryan side..." "... butthereis no one waiting for us up above." "We cannot hold on." "There's no way to take all of us out on the street without a truck." "Kazik, you must go by yourself." "Meet Yitzhak, find an exit." "Yes, tonight." "Where is it?" "I don't know, they're late." "We can't afford late." "There's been a delay." "They'll try again later." "We must keep everyone calm." "I'll let them know." "Office furniture." "Cabinets." "Just the driver, we have our own laborers." "You can?" "We must have water and food." "It's coming." "We're doing all we can." "I'd rather die with a German bullet." "You'll do as instructed." "Be quiet!" "There's another landing." "Get out of the water!" "We can't take anymore!" "Silence." "You think I'll let you jeopardize these people's lives?" "Have you any idea the sacrifices they've made so you can be here alive?" "Alive, on the verge of freedom!" "I want out!" "Don't think I'll hesitate to put a bullet in your skull..." "... fulfillyourwish, if you keep this foolishness up." "Where's the office?" "I don't see it." "In the basement." "What is this?" "Your chance to be a hero before God." "Drive." "Pull over there." "Come quickly and quietly." "Do as Kazik instructs." "Marek, why are we doing this in broad daylight?" "Because we are." "You're mad." "You all right?" "Are there many more?" "Yes." "How many?" "About a dozen on another landing." "We can't wait." "They'll come." "We can't wait!" "I promised them!" "One more minute." "One minute, then we leave." "I'll get them." "But we have no time." "Quickly." "Twenty more." "Come, come, come!" "It's an operation of the Polish underground." "And I believe in Santa Claus." "Well, Santa, this is a pistol I'm pointing at you." "Do you believe that?" "Yes." "Stay there." "Into the truck, quickly." "Ten more." "Hurry, now!" "They're Jews!" "That's everyone on this landing." "Come!" "That's it!" "I'm not leaving without them!" "We're all at risk!" "I'm not asking you." "I'm telling you." "Get on the truck!" "Zivia, get on the truck." "We'll come back for them." "Come." "Go!" "Go!" "They've escaped." "It seems to be so." "I'll have you communicate to Himmler..." "... thatWarsaw will be free of Jews tomorrow." "My engineers have prepared dynamiting the Jewish synagogue." "I have informed Himmler that the remainder of our work here..." "... willbecarriedout  by local police under my control." "Now, you may even receive a commendation for your efforts." "But between you and me, you let the bandits get away." "Enough!" "Mordechai sent this shortly before his last battle." "I want to read a part of it to you." ""Our fighters have endured conditions beyond description." "Yet they have persevered." "No, more than persevered." "They have conquered these conditions and fought on bravely..." "... overandoverand overagain." "Perhaps we shall meet again. "" "Perhaps." ""But the main thing is, the dream of my life has come true." "I've lived to see a Jewish defense in the Ghetto..." "... inallitsgreatnessandglory ."" "Let us remember Mordechai..." "... andalltheothers." "And let us continue." "Let us continue to fight on." "Look, Kazik." "Look how deeply they breathe." "Each breath..." "... sopeaceful,so rhythmic." "Yes." "One after another, after another..." "... afteranother." "Subtitles by SDI Media Group" "[ENGLISH]" "On September 1, 1939, Germany invades Poland." "The ill-equipped, undermanned Polish army surrenders in less than a month." "Soon the Germans discover an unexpected consequence of victory." "After devoting themselves to making Germany's territories free of Jews  they suddenly have two million new Jews under their control." "In October of 1940, the Jews of Warsaw are told  they'll be forced into a ghetto dubbed the Jewish Residential Quarter." "In November, the quarter is sealed." "A wall is built." "And soon, more than 400,000 people are confined in an area less than one square mile." "The question that has often been asked is, "Why didn 't the Jews resist?"" "As I've studied the history, the thing that surprises me most is..." "... infact,howmuch resistance there was." "Which takes us to the issue of, what is resistance?" "It's easier for us to see a man holding a gun, firing at an enemy..." "... butisit reallymorecourageous than a woman, a mother..." "... marchingwithhertwo children, with dignity..." "... togetaloafofbread  and a kilo of jam..." "... tokeepthemaliveforanotherday." "All this was going on in the ghetto." "Illegal soup kitchens, education, health care..." "... allthiswastakingplace." "And all this was resistance." "Life in the ghetto is one of hunger, squalor and disease." "Dead bodies, victims of starvation or typhus are often left on the street." "And ghetto residents never know what tomorrow will bring." "The first instinct of the Jewish community was to accommodate." "To find a way of preserving life amidst that terrible situation." "Jews tried to have theaters, social evenings." "They tried to sustain their lives as though they were an intact community." "Let's take our neighbor." "They were very poor people." "This woman did not think that she's a hero..." "... andherdaughterdidn'tthink she's a hero..." "... buttheywereconducting illegal classes for children..." "... knowingthatif aGermanpatrol catches them..." "... they'llbenotonlyarrested, but also killed." "It may have been passing on traditions, a bar mitzvah..." "... orkidssmugglingfood,where 1 87 calories was the allotment..." "... perperson,perday ." "Not enough to survive." "Adam Czerniakow is in an impossible situation." "As head of the Judenrat..." "...a council established by the Nazis to run the ghetto he is responsible for both Jewish needs and Nazi decrees." "Fearing greater harm to his community he actively opposes any acts of armed resistance." "Czerniakow's view was that resistance..." "... wasa pathto disaster." "He had no doubt the Germans were murderous and he thought..." "... itmightprovoke more vindictive action." "They had a doctrine of collective responsibility." "They'd find the 1 00 closest Jews and execute or imprison them." "For any one act, many would pay." "They were anything but passive." "They were as active as they could be." "Korczak was a Polish-Jewish pediatrician." "He was very famous, especially as a children's writer." "He wrote King Matt the First." "It was as famous in Poland as Alice in Wonderland is." "It's about a child who becomes king, and his decisions." "He saw poor children on the streets of Warsaw..." "... andwasdeterminedtohelp them ." "He set up progressive orphanages in Warsaw." "This orphanage of Jewish children was ordered to go into the ghetto." "And everybody expected that Korczak, who was Jewish..." "... butwasso renownedand such a treasure to the Polish nation..." "... andregardedevenbytheGermans..." "... thathewouldn'thavetogo ." "They'd find a way to get him off." "But he was determined to go." "The children ran the orphanage." "Had their own newspapers and parliaments..." "... becausehewanted to teach them justice." "Even though all they knew was injustice." "He told them they would continue life as it was." "He was not going to let the Germans defeat all his lifework." "It was almost like his life was a continuous challenge..." "... toanswerthemost hideous circumstances with dignity." "Recognizing the precarious situation Emanuel Ringelblum, a prominent historian begins to document what is happening." "Memory is part of resistance." "They figured, even if they were going to die, memory can outlive death." "And the Jews wanted to make sure their role was preserved." "The records are sealed in milk containers and buried  with the hope that someday they'll be found." "One reason these Ringelblum archives are so important..." "... istheygiveustheJewish narrative about the Warsaw ghetto." "The vast majority of documents that exist are German propaganda documents." "The films and still photographs." "The thing that Marek taught me was that those photos are propaganda." "None of those photos depict what real life in Warsaw was." "The purpose of his propaganda was to inflame latent anti-Semitism..." "... andmakeit functionalsothey  could get away with what they wanted." "The power of film is so strong." "And Goebbels was the first person to recognize it." "Or the first to recognize and use it." "In essence, we're talking about..." "... HitlerbeingabletorallyGermany behind the extermination of the Jew." "To get them to rally behind that, you had to have an effective tool." "Hitler and Goebbels were aware of that." "Between the two of them..." "... theyusedit veryeffectively." "They're cunning, cowardly and cruel and usually appear in massive hordes." "They represent the elements of sneakiness and subterranean destruction among animals just as the Jews do among mankind." "I mean, to compare Jews to rats-- We all know what we do with rats." "We had the first news about gassing" "They took Jews in buses and closed them up and were gassing them." "In July 1942, rumors begin circulating in the ghetto  that Jews will be deported by the Germans and resettled in the East." "People are afraid, but they don 't know what this means." "We were told..." "... thatweweregoing to the east of Poland..." "... tobetransported to another place..." "... whereyouaregoingto live and work and so on." "They never told the Jews what they would do." "They deceived by language." "Even the word "deportation" doesn't obviously signify..." "... thatmurder is at the end of the tracks." "Many don 't perceive the danger." "Among them is Adam Czerniakow." "The council said, that's Czerniakow, they know such things are happening..." "... butthisconcernsonlysmalltowns ." "It is impossible such a thing could happen in Warsaw." "He was trying to care for the sick..." "... andmakesureschoolskept going." "Honorable things in his mind." "But he wasn't able to see the imminent danger..." "... thateveryonewasin." "On July 22, 1942, German authorities give Czerniakow the dreaded word  that all Jews will be deported." "This will include the children whom he desperately hoped to protect." "No exemptions." "Men, women and children." "The old and the young." "When he heard "all" ..." "... herefusedto sign the final order of deportation..." "... andthat'sthemoment he took his own life." "When Czerniakow committed suicide, Antek hated him." "He felt it an act of a coward." "If you're going to take your life, take a few Germans with you." "Czerniakow, who was in a position of authority... ." "Had he said, "People, you are going to your death." "Don't surrender." "Defend yourselves with whatever you have, against the deportation. "" "This would have had a colossal importance." "The moment he knew what was going on..." "... whatwasreallythe intention of the Germans, that's what he did." "What could he do more than that?" "From July 23 to September 1 2, deportations continue block by block, neighborhood by neighborhood." "Yet many still do not realize the truth." "Hunger was terrible." "So at the Umschlagplatz..." "... Germanshandedoutthreekilos of bread and one kilo of marmalade..." "... toanyone who showed up voluntarily." "And Jews were saying:" ""See?" "If they were to take us to our deaths..." "... theywouldn'tgiveus bread and marmalade. "" "So how can you believe?" "It's unbelievable, by the way." "It's so unbelievable..." "... thatoutof theblue...." "How can you believe that somebody is going to kill you..." "... justbecauseyouare aJew?" "So people don't believe in it." "You don't want to, and you can't." "Sometimes the truth can be..." "... notemotionallyinvolving or dramatic or plausible." "If I were to say I'd crash a plane into the World Trade Center..." "... andbothcenters,hit bytwo planes, were going to collapse..." "... noonein Americawho 'snot  judged mentally deficient..." "... wouldhavebelievedit." "Even in the ghetto, people had trouble believing..." "... Treblinkawasakillingcenter..." "... justaswe 'restilldealinginour own country in late September 2001 ..." "... tryingtocometoterms with, how could this happen?" "The biggest obstacle that Zuckerman and Anielewicz faced..." "... asleadersof the Jewish fighting organization..." "... wastryingto convincethe rest of the Jews within the ghetto..." "... thattheirlifewas indanger." "When the first action started..." "... wesentoutZygmunt to follow the train." "Near Treblinka, railroad workers told him..." "... therearetrainswithpeoplecoming but they're returning empty." "There are no transports of food, no wells are being dug..." "... andthecampsare silent." "What the Germans couldn't hide was the smell." "This couldn't be done." "They could hide everything but not the smell." "This was impossible." "So, what he saw..." "... weretrainsgoingin,  going out empty..." "... andthesmellofburntflesh ." "In just 7 weeks 265,000 people are deported to their deaths at Treblinka." "The 60,000 who remained in the ghetto are without illusions as to what the Germans have in store." "I didn't see for me any chance" "Not for me, for the Jews in general..." "... thepossibilityto survive." "That means that what you can do..." "... ischoosetheway  you are going to die." "Instead of going to the concentration camp..." "... andbeputinthegaschambers..." "... thewayto do it ,howtodie,  is to fight." "For me, the fighting organization was a difficult job..." "... becauseitincludedall parties." "Zionists of one sort, Zionists of another sort." "Religious Jews, Bund, communists." "There was so many factions of resistance groups..." "... thatorganizingthem was impossible." "Only when deportation started did they decide to work together..." "... becausetheyunderstood the gravity of the situation." "The resistance had to then overthrow the order of the Jewish councils." "It had to get rid of traitors within their midst." "The first resistance attacks were on the Jewish police." "What remained was to stand and fight..." "... withwhateverresources one could muster." "It is better to die being hit by a bullet than in a gas chamber." "And that was my decision." "To remain there, stay there..." "... andtakeit as it willbe." "If you're talking about armed resistance, what do you resist with?" "It was almost impossible to get weapons." "In order for them to acquire arms, it was such a complex process." "It wasn't, "We'll fight back. " They had no weapons." "They had to create a whole network outside of the ghetto..." "... withcouriers who'd pass as Aryans..." "... inorderto hopefullybuy weapons from German soldiers, from Poles..." "... andgetlimitedsupport from the underground." "I did smuggle into the ghetto all kinds of things." "Sometimes dynamite." "It was not easy, especially for me." "I didn't have any idea how a revolver looked or how dynamite looked." "Even to get in contact with Polish people was not easy." "The Poles were reluctant to help out..." "... becausetheywere pretty anti-Semitic..." "... becausetheydidn'thave a lot of weapons to spare..." "... andtheydidn'tknow that Jews could fight effectively." "I remember the first revolver I bought from a smuggler." "I didn't have any idea how it's supposed to work..." "... ifit'sgoodorifit 's bad." "It turned out to be okay." "I paid a large amount of money." "The underground issued weapons to us from their arsenals..." "... whichwereverymodest." "It was a small thing." "55 guns, 50 grenades, 1 0 or 1 5 kilos of powder." "Out of this sprang to life the Jewish fighting organization." "On January 1 8, 1943, German patrols enter the ghetto  to begin more deportations." "For the first time, they are met by armed Jewish resistance." "The first day they came in..." "... andtheystillthought they were going to do like usual..." "It turns out that it isn't a parade." "This was the first resistance in Poland, one has to say." "Military, organized resistance." "Not the killing of one person, some informer or stool pigeon..." "... butmilitaryresistance." "The word you keep hearing in every one of the memoirs..." "... isthatenormousact ofdignity." ""We have forced the supermen to flee. "" ""They are running for their lives. "" "There was a pistol in his hand and he used it for the first time..." "... andrealized that the Germans were human." "They could be killed." "So from that time on..." "... theatmospherein theghetto changed." "And I would say that the uprising..." "... andtheroleofthe Jewish fighters' organization..." "... intheWarsawghetto..." "... wassucceedingonlybecause they had the cooperation..." "... oftheremnantofthe Jewish population in the ghetto." "The resistance knows victory is temporary  that the Germans will return." "They do their best to prepare for the next assault." "Under the direction of General Jürgen Stroop it begins in force." "He was one of Himmler's favorites." "Himmler knew he'd carry through." "He was a butcher brought in to destroy the remnants of the ghetto." "We didn't think..." "... thatweweregoingtofight  the German army." "From a military point of view..." "... ouruprisingwaszero." "Maybe less than that." "He wrote about it as if it was this great military activity." "When it really was this destruction of a town..." "... withalltheweaponryhehad at his disposal." "The most telling image is this little boy with his hands up." "I look at that image today..." "... anditjustmakesyoushudder." "It's so frightening." "He accelerated everything until he blew up everything..." "... thenburnedit ,thengassedit." "And tried to prevent any life from escaping this ghetto." "I saw the flames of the ghetto..." "... andI sawalsocertainpictures which were seared in my mind." "Some Jews running from one place to another." "Some Jews jumping from buildings." "The Germans couldn't take over the streets." "They start putting block after block on fire." "It was also the Polish holiday." "It was Easter." "And children were riding around and around..." "... andmusicwasplaying." "Not far from them the ghetto was burning..." "... andyouheardthe shooting and you saw the smoke." "And people outside were staring..." "... someadmiring, some saying, "Take a look." "Jews are frying now in the ghetto. "" "What we thought was, we are going to fight and we will die." "As it turns out, after the first, two, three, four days..." "... wefightandmostofus ..." "... wearestillalive." "And we thought, "What are we going to do?"" "You were burnt alive inside or you find a way out." "And this was the main mission." "This life with Kazik begins from the moment I realize..." "... thatheis fromPowisle." "He can go to the Aryan side..." "... andorganizeourwithdrawal from the ghetto." "I was young." "I was naive." "I thought the moment that I will succeed..." "... ingoingoutfromtheghetto..." "... mostofthemissionisdone." "Somehow I will find people." "It was he who organized our withdrawal from the ghetto." "Nobody even knew exactly what he was doing..." "... becausehewassuchanurchin from Powisle." "As it turned out..." "... Iimmediatelyunderstood that nobody was waiting for me." "Nothing was ready." "Nothing was prepared." "We have to do it by ourselves from the beginning." "I have to say that nobody believed, especially Antek..." "... thatitwaspossible." "But it happened and here you are." "You're sitting here healthy." "Such is the impudence of Powisle guys." "The other thing that really touched me about the story..." "... wasthehonorofthesepeople." "In particular, that it was Jewish honor." "They said, "We will live with honor or we will die with honor." "Jewish honor. "" "The Germans had taken a role call, 1 92 children and 1 0 adults." "Korczak was at the head of this army." "The remnants of the moral soldiers he had raised in his republic." "The story is, Korczak was offered permission to return home..." "... butnotthechildren." "He was making a statement." ""lf they go, I go. "" ""The orphans walked with quiet dignity." "I shall never forget this scene." "This was no march to the train..." "... butratheramuteprotest against this murderous regime." "A procession the like of which no human eye has ever witnessed. "" "The ghetto resistance lasted almost a month." "Which is longer than some major armies held out against the Germans." "Longer than the army of France, longer than the army of Poland." "I think it's a symbol of immense courage..." "... oftheimportanceofseeing that there are some things..." "... thataremoreimportant than life itself." "Mordechai Anielewicz was a man who was aware..." "... thathislifeand death..." "... wasgonnahaveameaning beyond the mundane." "It was very important to him..." "... thathefoughtand died in the ghetto..." "... sohisdeathwouldhave meaning as defending where he lived." "He and his wife remarkably both made it out." "You think it's a happy ending, that he and his wife made it to Palestine." "And they raised a family." "He had a family." "And they started a kibbutz." "But the sad part of the story for me..." "... andwhatbreaksmyheart..." "... isthathe neverreally escaped the effects..." "... ofwhathappenedduringthewar." "He was ravaged by survivor guilt." ""Why me?"" "On one hand, they lived these incredible, fulfilling lives..." "... andhavebeenabletoappreciate, maybe more than most of us..." "... whatlifehastooffer." "On the other hand, they have this" "I don't know how to describe it." "Almost like steel ingot, hot guilt..." "... thatjustlancesthem." "And they have to live with that." "General Stroop was standing in front of me..." "... withouta belt,withoutsuspenders." "He already had one death sentence and came to Poland to get a second." "He stood in front of me at attention, clicked his heels." "For a soldier, this is victory, no doubt." "The loser has surrendered." "He will be punished." "Everything is in order." "After a few years, the German chancellor, Willy Brandt..." "... cametoWarsaw and knelt in front of a monument." "Big thing, which moved the whole world, especially Germans." "It showed the Germans their place." "I won, but at what price?" "Can you win with 6 million people sacrificed on the altar of justice?" "You're not able to live on Mars." "You are a part of what is going on around you." "And I do like people and I still want to believe in people." "But to be alert to the evil." "The great thing he left behind with his wife..." "... wastheyhadcreated the Ghetto Fighters' House." "A museum dedicated to the memory of those who fought and resisted." "I'm talking about a new spirit." "The spirit of "We will not allow ourselves to be killed. "" "This is the heritage of a ghetto." "In his final letter to Yitzhak Zuckerman Mordechai Anielewicz wrote:" ""Keep well, my dear friend." "Perhaps we shall meet again." "But what truly matters is that the dream of my life has come true." "Jewish self-defense in the Warsaw ghetto has become a fact." "Jewish armed resistance and retaliation have become a reality." "I have been witness to the magnificent, heroic struggle of the Jewish fighters. "" "The bread is for Poles on the Aryan side." "Not Jews!" ""On the authority of the commissar's office..." "... 23prisonerswereexecuted at 1 0 this morning. "" "These were innocent people." "I'm sick of it!" "Watching, waiting, and standing by being passive." "I won't do it anymore!" "The largest armies in the world have not been able to defeat the Nazis." "What makes you think..." "... ahandfulof untrainedJewish citizens with pistols will prevail?" "We can and will fight our enemy now!" "And action." "The biggest difference between Uprising and every film about the Holocaust..." "... isthatin Uprising,Jewsresist." "It's a story of armed resistance." "And that was a story that I had never seen." "That interested me from the beginning." "It interests me today." "It led me to examine a long period, seven years now, from when I started..." "... theissueof resistanceingeneral." "I'm a veteran of the Polish armed services." "Then you are a fighter, huh?" "It created an interesting question:" "why were the Jews labeled as passive..." "... whenothervictimsofgenocide were never so labeled?" "I don't think anybody's heard the Rwandans described as passive..." "... ortheCambodianswho weremurdered by the Khmer Rouge as passive." "Or what happened in Bosnia-Serbia, "passive" was not attached." "I kept thinking, "Why were Jews considered passive?"" "When you take the example of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising, the largest..." "... singleexampleof resistanceon every level." "And you walk backwards..." "... asyougettoknow thepeople, you experience that they all resisted." "They resisted in the means they had at their disposal." "Take off your hat." "No, thank you." "I said take off your hat." "People wondered why more Jews didn't rebel." "That's a big question." "How can they just go so passively into concentration camps?" "Why not fight?" "There's an anecdote I heard about thousands of Russian army officers..." "... whoweremarchedtotheirdeath ." "You know how many people were guarding them?" "Two armed Germans." "These are professional soldiers." "Why didn't they attack?" "They could've killed them." "Forty people would die, maybe 50, 1 0?" "Why didn't they do it?" "You're dealing with a very interesting psychological situation." "It's an unfair moniker on the Jews." "The final indignity of the Holocaust." "That was something that over time became..." "... aforcebehind getting this movie made." "We know that 300,000 Warsaw Jews..." "... havebeensenttoTreblinka, a death camp, or simply murdered." "For now, deportations have ceased." "When they resume, we will no longer submit." "We're going to respond with armed resistance!" "Mordechai Anielewicz, and his friends..." "... foundedthisresistance, an underground movement to undermine..." "... deportationstothedeathcampsand to pester and kill Nazis in any way." "It was an idealistic organization..." "... witha socialistbent." "It was a true collective." "The emphasis was on the group, and not the individual." "Here." "In case you run into trouble again." "We'll put a stop to this, yes?" "What moved me when I learned about the story..." "... wasthatthesepeople fought for honor." "I felt it was so devoid from most of our lives." "Recently with the tragedy at the World Trade Center..." "... yousawpeopletherebehave with great honor and great valor." "From the firefighters, to policemen, to ordinary citizens." "Part of what's coming out of the ashes, if there is a phoenix rising out..." "... it'sa senseof sacrificeand of recognition of honor on all levels." "From the most mundane, to the most obviously heroic." "That moved me, that these kids decided to fight knowing they would die." "Once they organized and decided, "We're going to fight to the death" ..." "... theyneverthoughtany ofthem  would live." "They thought..." "... they'dgooutwithabang." "Mordechai said there's one thing we can control..." "... inthisterribleNazisituation, and that's how we die." "And so their deaths were all they had." "And how to use it..." "... wasalltheyhad ." "The spirit of our deaths... ." "The spirit of our deaths..." "... willshapethesoul of a new generation." "A new nation of Jews." "They held them out of the Ghetto for over a month..." "... forquiteawhile." "Some fought for a very long time." "What's incredible is that this young Jewish youth..." "... foughttheGermanarmy,theNazis , longer than the entire Polish army did." "And if other Jews are emboldened..." "... ifothersectorsinitiateuprisings, it spreads to the Poles--?" "You see the implications?" "The cause for concern?" "An unwritten rule we followed was:" "don't dramatize the Holocaust..." "... justtellthestory." "Let the story tell itself." "The difficult thing was finding where the real characters intersected." "And taking a narrative out of these historical characters and events." "Paul Brickman's interpretation of Adam Czerniakow, the Jewish Council head..." "... theJudenrat,whichislike being the mayor of New York, if you will..." "... hisinterpretationwasthat this man did everything..." "... tomitigatedamagesbeinginflicted upon his people by the Germans." "In his hopefulness, Czerniakow tried to create a negotiating position..." "... wherehecouldbargaintomake the life easier until it was over." "His mistake was that he thought the people he was bargaining with..." "... exchangingpleasantries, were people." "They weren't." "Strip the women naked." "This won't happen again." "One of the interesting things was the character Dr. Fritz Hippler..." "... whowasafilmmaker who did The Eternal Jew  andwhowasone ofthepets of Goebbels..." "... becauseasIdid thisresearch, almost all of the photos that exist..." "... areactuallyGermanpropaganda photos created by Hippler's people." "It was incredible." "Like I was watching a Saturday Night Live skit gone awry." "But I thought portraying it would be chilling." "I was assigned by Goebbels to film." "He says the film will outlast us all." "Victory will last!" "This is not it." "Depends where you put the camera." "His debate with General Stroop, who is played by Jon Voight..." "... especiallyStroophimself in his diary wrote..." "... onMay16th ,heblew up the Tlomackie Street temple and said:" ""Warsaw is judenrein." "Warsaw is free of Jews. " Which was not the case." "The Jews were living underground and fought up to December." "My interpretation is that Stroop lost." "If there were a Warsaw Ghetto battle..." "... thepurposewasnot only to eradicate it, but get rid of leaders." "And many did escape and continue to fight." "That was an interesting opportunity to interpret that I think..." "... willshedaslightlynewlight , or at least offer..." "... anopportunityfordiscussionamong experts about what happened there." "Enough!" "The problems you have to create a movie are infinite." "I had to get enough knowledge to be able to ask people questions..." "... thatwouldn'tbe insulting, and be able to listen." "And after all the information I got, I had to..." "... passthaton to differentpeople making a movie." "I met survivors in Europe, L.A., Poland, Israel, all over..." "... justscoresandscoresofthem." "And I became quite knowledgeable." "Kazik was very helpful." "His influence was details, factual things... ." "There were kids running, people starving, feathers floating... ." "You say, "This looks incredible." "So real." "All these buildings. "" "Then you see this man standing there and he's laughing, smiling or staring." "And you realize, wow, he was here." "He looked around and he pointed to a third floor in the square and said:" ""That was my apartment. " I think we all had chills down our spine." "I thought for a second or a minute..." "... thatI ambackin the Warsaw Ghetto." "It was something unbelievable." "Really, it was shocking." "And action!" "To create these bodies, these actors, these characters..." "... wasanenormouschallenge as a filmmaker." "Much of the cast wasn't Jewish." "It didn't even begin whatever it is..." "... thatbeingaJew is, justas being black is or being Spanish is." "I believe actors can play anything, PC or not..." "... that'swhatIfelt." "Jon Avnet was very persistent." "I said, "I'm not Jewish. "" "When I was in university, I wished I was Irish or Jewish." "I so regretted my wretched blue eyes." "He convinced me that I could play that character and that I was Jewish." "I'd say, "Let's do this scene. " And they had to be ready." "They had to be prepared." "They had to have their ideas." "If they wanted to say something, I'd say "Let's try that, or do this. "" "It was a loose feeling." "All I had to do was start them and say go, because we did the improvs." "They got that movement that just feels real." "That was so important to me because I knew from early on..." "... Iwouldshootthisin a quasi-documentary style." "It was a little frustrating to my ads because I wouldn't rehearse." "I wouldn't rehearse for the camera department." "I'd say, "You have to hit this." "Get in focus. "" "Denis Lenoir, my French cinematographer, did a fantastic job." "This story hadn't been told, partly because it was physically difficult." "Raffaella De Laurentiis is the genius that put all the people together." "It wasn't a set." "They built the Ghetto." "They built acres of buildings and cobblestone streets." "Like they were there for centuries." "It had to be designed." "The technical drawings." "And was it feasible?" "I came up with the idea of not building where Raffaella wanted." "I wanted to build it in Bratislava." "It was created for the movie..." "... becausetheGhetto wasn't this layout." "We took one and a half months to draw the proper building drawings." "And it took three months to build, paint and dress the set." "It was an extraordinary set." "It was living." "It was vital." "You saw children marching." "They have no idea even, really, that they're making a film." "And that innocence..." "... ofthembeingoblivioustowhat they're doing, where they're led..." "... wastheinnocenceand naiveté of the children..." "... beingleadhappilyalmost, to their death." "Dr. Korczak." "Why are you here?" "You're exempt from this order." "What about the children?" "The children must board." "Then I will do as well." "Action!" "There's nothing to indicate that it isn't 1 939 in here..." "... includingthewayI'm dressed." "When you do a period film, costumes give you your period." "Along with production design and set dressing." "They're very important." "But we want them to look real, not like costumes." "It's sometimes harder to accomplish than anything." "Every cobblestone you see, which we built..." "... 300meterslong,fourstorieshigh,  was laid by hand." "There aren't a lot of cobblestones in most places." "It's important for me." "We worked under a tight budget." "We had 73 or 74 days to shoot the film." "I came around a corner and saw hundreds of people in wardrobe and..." "... horsesanddogs." "I was just completely overwhelmed." "The whole set came to life." "It's incredible." "To figure out the signage and what the buildings look like... ." "They had to be practical enough to put fighters in the windows." "I also wanted to design tie-ins..." "... whereyoucouldbeinMordechai's lookout and see the Germans marching." "The way that they built this set is amazing." "It's absolutely amazing." "Some stunt guys getting lit on fire." "The camera's on him, goes to Radha, to the kids, back to Radha, to Hank." "They're all firing at once." "And that's one piece." "There are four other things going on at the same time." "It's insane." "You want to be tight." "Lose that one." "Get that camera over there." "Also tight, like on a hundred, on a flamethrower over here." "I was having some vodka with Kazik and Marek." "Kazik said, "Do you think the Holocaust could happen again?"" "I said in my typical, hopeful way, "I hope not. "" "He said he thought it could." "Having seen a film or documentary about it..." "... nothingcancompare to being present at it." "It's just overwhelming to know that this actually happened." "Mordechai was a teacher interested in philosophy and history." "He asked, "How can a moral man maintain his moral code in an immoral world?"" "Which is a relevant question in occupied Poland." "In the Jewish Ghetto, especially." "What do you do?" "This film must overcome to show what is impossible to describe..." "... inthehumanlanguageand in the human situation." "Impossible." "I'm not going to give up my hope." "But I feel, unfortunately, that..." "... thequestionabouthow you live morally in an immoral world is..." "... morepresentthan I anticipated it to be." "To remind people to remember what they have not experienced." "To force them to remember." "Jon Avnet's picture is running parallel to that." "To force you to remember..." "... man'sinhumanityto man." "In rehearsal..." "... whenI sawthelevel of commitment..." "... theemotionalconnectionofactors to the material and characters..." "... andtooneanother..." "... Irealizedwe hadsomething that was really just special." "No matter what, we'd never have that experience in our lives again." "Confidence is something that's not carried with you." "It's something that you think you ought to have." "And when you get into rehearsal, you think, huh?" "And when I did go into rehearsal..." "... IknewIhad achance for a great movie." "That's what I cared to do." "In the simplest terms, my goal was to..." "... bea messengerformillions of people who had no voices."