"In the shadows of the Cold War, another war was being waged." "This one between spies." "It was a war of stealth, deception and betrayal." "The weapons were wit, daring, courage and the technology of espionage." "A shaving brush that hides microfilm." "A four millimeter pistol disguised as a tube of lipstick" "A hidden camera in a briefcase." "Simple, plain, unobtrusive." "The use of the items that a spy wants to have around." "Cleverly concealed listening devices." "Spies one step ahead of the spy catchers, relentless in pursuit." "The Cold War is over." "Now we can examine the technology of espionage in the drama of Spy versus Spy." "Who are you?" "Who are you?" "My name is Bond." "James Bond." "I am a spy." "For a generation of movie goers, espionage is defined by a secret agent code named Double-Oh-Seven." "In 1962, at the height of the Cold War," "James Bond bursts upon the screen." "In the fantasy world of Double-O-Seven, the technology seemed limitless." "Audiences and the KGB were especially fascinated by the workshop of the eccentric genius, Q, the toymaster who keeps Bond supplied with high-tech gadgetry." "An ordinary black, leather case with twenty rounds of ammunition here and here." "Press that button there and out she comes." "Without his inventions," "Bond would have long ago fallen victim to any number of villains." "You'll be using this Aston Martin DB-5, with modifications." "You'll find a little red button." "Whatever you do, don't touch it." "Like the fictional Q, Keith Melton is fascinated with/ the tools of espionage." "He is recognized internationally as the leading authority on the gadgets of clandestine intelligence." "He has amassed a collection of more than three thousand spy devices." "The most extensive of its kind in the world, unmatched by the CIA, FBI or even the Smithsonian." "Melton serves as an historical consultant to international intelligence agencies and has connections deep inside the CIA and the former KGB." "The collection is representative of major technological developments in many fronts, especially during the Cold War." "And by studying that, it provides an insight into the Cold War that is literally unavailable from any other perspective." "The Cold War." "An undeclared war... with nuclear weapons poised to launch." "The threat of instant annihilation." "The brutal suppression of freedom." "It was a time of suspicion and paranoia as the super powers prepared for war." "But it was more an armed truce." "Survival often depended on intelligence, knowledge of the enemy's strengths, weaknesses and intentions." "More than anyone else in the world, the Soviet and American intelligence services felt the essence, the impact of this Cold War." "Because operationally, we were involved." "We were at war all the days." "Twenty-four hours a day." "And we felt it, we felt it in the KGB headquarters, and I'm sure the CIA felt it at their headquarters in Langley." "The warriors of the Cold War were spies and in the shadowy world of espionage, most heroes remained anonymous." "Often the difference between success or failure, life and death, was their wit, their cunning and their technology." "Since the primary mission of a spy is to obtain information, often the most important tool is a camera." "It must be small, easily concealed and produce high quality pictures." "This camera, the Minox, was the workhorse of the Cold War." "It played a major role in the most dangerous confrontation in those turbulent years." "Espionage played a significant role in avoiding Cold War turning into a Hot War." "In 1962, the Cuban Missile Crisis really brought the humanity to the brink of a world conflict." "Summer, 1962." "Intelligence reports of a huge military build-up come seeping in from Cuba." "But more disturbing, there are unconfirmed reports that the Russians have placed missiles in Cuba." "Are they offensive missiles?" "Can they strike the United States?" "One man armed with a Minox camera provided the answer;" "Oleg Penkovsky, a colonel in Soviet military intelligence, the GRU." "Penkovsky began spying for the West one year earlier." "He was run by both British and American intelligence." "London, April 20th, 1961." "His first meeting with Western intelligence took place at a popular tourist hotel near Marbelage." "The senior American on the team was at the head of/ the CIA's Soviet Section." "A veteran who had spent several years in Moscow;" "Joseph Bulik" "My role in the Penkovsky operation besides communications inside, was to get to know the man when I met him." "Get inside his soul, what, what made him tick" "And it's probably because I have a Slavic soul myself, it was easier for me to do than it was for the Brits." "They gave Penkovsky a Minox camera to photograph top secret documents." "Joe Bulik took pictures of the meetings with his own camera." "This is a photograph of" "Colonel Penkovsky being trained in the use of the Minox camera." "He's taken ten thousand photographs and they all turned out to be perfect." "You couldn't ask for much more." "The camera was very small and concealable." "The film was nine and a half millimeters wide." "It had absolutely superb lenses." "The film speed was already set into the camera." "The exposure time had been predetermined." "You had to set the focal distance." "That's the distance that the camera should be above the document." "Minox cleverly designed this measuring chain." "It has a series of beads." "If you find the document and you have it at the correct distance, you then would make a simple adjustment so that the document was in focus." "Penkovsky despised the Soviet system." "He also feared that Khrushchev would trigger nuclear war." "He was an intense individual who wanted to produce/ and produce and produce." "And he knew the only way to weaken the Soviet Union was to keep on producing and to do Khrushchev in." "In May 1961," "Penkovsky returned to Moscow after lengthy meetings with his controllers." "Using his Minox camera, he photographed top secret reports of Soviet missile strength." "Thousands of pages of military data from the secret files of the Defense Ministry." "Penkovsky realized that the Soviets were not as strong in missiles as the West believed." "In fact, this missile gap that" "President Kennedy talked about did not exist." "In fact, it was reversed, it was the other way." "We were far superior in the" "United States in missiles than the Soviets were." "London, July 1 8th, 1961." "Penkovsky returned for another round of debriefings with his controllers." "The meetings took place at a secret location." "Penkovsky turned over photographs of documents describing Soviet missiles." "His information alerted the team that Khrushchev was installing offensive missiles in Cuba." "The CIA ordered U-2 flights to take pictures of the suspected missile sites." "The U-2 Spy Plane was a technological marvel for its time." "It's huge wingspan, seventy-nine feet, and extremely light weight, enabled it to fly at altitudes higher than seventy thousand feet." "It had a range of nearly five thousand miles and could stay aloft for eleven hours." "The U-2 carried one of the most remarkable cameras ever made." "It was designed by Edwin Land who invented the Polaroid camera." "From fourteen miles above the Earth, the camera could take panoramic views one hundred and twenty-five miles wide." "Or sharply focused close-ups of details as small as twelve inches across." "Loaded with twelve thousand feet of ultra thin Mylar film, the camera could take four thousand pictures during a single mission." "Penkovsky's information enabled CIA photo analysts to confirm the worst." "The Soviets had installed offensive missiles in Cuba." "He provided us with a layout of what the ground installation looked like for particular types of missiles and we had drawings of them." "In fact, we had at one point when we were driving to London to Birmingham, we were translating the specifications of a missile, down to the last millimeter." "So that when the Air Force reconnaissance planes photographed these installations for the missiles, then it was proof positive that the Soviets had intermediate missiles inside of Cuba." "Missiles that could attack the United States." "The President favored a cautious approach, but the Joint Chiefs of Staff recommended bombing the missile sites and invading Cuba." "What he didn't realize was that the Soviet general in charge of the missiles was given carte blanche that if the United States ever attacked Cuba, to let the missiles go against the United States and you can imagine what that would have done." "In Moscow, Penkovsky seemed more driven than ever." "His British controllers pushed him to steal more secrets and to take more risks." "During the Summer of 1962, Oleg Penkovsky stepped up his activity and had more than a dozen meetings with his courier, Janet Chisolm, the wife of the Moscow Station Chief of British intelligence, MI-6." "They met here at Number 21 Marlow, Suceresky Perilock" "Penkovsky first checked for surveillance then entered the doorway of the apartment building." "Inside he delivered films and notes." "There was no conversation, this is a brush contact." "Chisolm gave new instructions from the West." "At their next meeting the KGB was watching." "These KGB surveillance photographs captured Penkovsky entering an apartment house on Arbot Lane." "The frequency of meets got to be pretty horrendous." "They were just about every week for about fourteen or fifteen weeks, and that operationally, is not good common sense from an intelligence point of view." "The KGB identified Penkovsky and secretly installed listening devices and cameras in his apartment on the Maxine Gorky Embankment." "Penkovsky was now under twenty-four hour surveillance." "Because of my job as Head of Soviet Operations inside the Soviet Union," "I got to know the KGB better than he did and I had a higher regard for the KGB." "I think he was a little too self confident." "Counterintelligence officers searched Penkovsky's apartment and discovered his Minox camera, his radio and code books." "Penkovsky seemed unaware of the danger he was in." "I think he didn't realize what a huge force they were and how thorough they were." "October 22nd, 1962." "The moment of crisis." "Penkovsky's information gave" "President Kennedy a clear picture of the Soviet's inferior nuclear capability." "JFK ordered a naval blockade of Cuba." "It was the largest mobilization of American forces since the Korean War." "Moscow." "That same day," "Colonel Oleg Penkovsky was secretly arrested by the KGB." "He was actually burned by Western intelligence services." "I tried to get the Brits to close down, slow it up, but they refused." "But still they kept on using him." "That's very bad, That's very bad." "This was poor operational planning, as far I was concerned." "October 28th, 1962." "Soviet freighters headed for Cuba turned around." "Khrushchev backed down." "The crisis was over." "Nuclear war was averted." "Moscow, six months later." "The trial of Oleg Penkovsky began." "In the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union, he was charged with treason and espionage." "The evidence was overwhelming." "It included his Minox camera and other spy tools found in his apartment." "The court ordered him to demonstrate his espionage techniques." "I realize he must have been through hell and torture, given the drawn, awful look on his face and how old he's gotten in such a short time." "After five days, the verdict was pronounced; guilty as charged." "Penkovsky was sentenced to death." "He was taken to Lubianca Prison." "May 1 7th, 1963." "The Soviet Union announced Oleg Penkovsky's execution." "The information Penkovsky passed to the West was staggering in sheer volume." "He spoke to debriefers for one hundred and forty hours, producing twelve hundred pages of transcripts." "He delivered one hundred and eleven rolls of film." "His services to the United States were invaluable." "He did, he provided the initial information on Russian missiles." "And in that sense, it shows how important intelligence may be in the time of crisis." "Oleg Penkovsky was no match for spy catchers." "The Russian counterintelligence was very active in trying to ferret out oh, spies, potential spies." "It was arguably the most effective counterintelligence service in the world." "Masters of surveillance, the KGB excelled at concealing listening devices in every day, ordinary objects called "quick plants"." "Like this cigarette lighter, designed for one-time use." "Inside was a small transmitter." "It's battery powered." "Until the battery runs down, it would effectively pick up every sound in a room and transmit it out." "This is a common desk set." "But even this isn't what it appears." "If I remove this small pin," "I then activated a sensitive listening device that is picking up, through this microphone, every sound that's said in the room and transmitting it away." "This is a common house plug." "This is a tiny microphone that's hidden inside and it transmits on about one hundred and thirty megahertz." "It draws its power from the household circuit." "This still looks like a normal pen." "But inside, it's a complete hidden transmitter with a microphone and every word that's said is being received at a receiver nearby with a tape recorder, so the information is recorded." "What appears to be just a standard executive wristwatch is actually a hidden microphone." "And this wire goes to a small microcassette recorder concealed in my clothing." "The KGB was extremely skilled." "They had some of the best watchers or surveillance people in the world." "It would be nearly fifteen years before the West would again have the deep access to Soviet secrets that Oleg Penkovsky had supplied." "This time the spy was a Foreign Service diplomat stationed inside the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Moscow." "His name, Alexander Ogarovnik, code named, Trigon." "A spy who passed vital secrets to the CIA on Soviet foreign policy." "His reports were so valuable the CIA distributed them to the highest levels of the US Government, including the White House." "In March, 1977," "KGB counterintelligence observed" "Ogarovnik in a suspicious rendezvous with an American woman." "The KGB put him under a twenty-four hour surveillance." "The KGB used many types of surveillance devices." "Among them, this sophisticated briefcase camera." "It appears to be a standard briefcase that you'd normally see that any type of a businessman could carry." "But some interesting parts about it." "Number one; this is a master switch that turns the case on and off." "Now concealed in this handle is a remote trigger that is part of this trim." "When it's pressed, a tiny trapdoor right here will open." "On a busy street, the sound would never be heard." "Inside the case is a complete Zorky camera that's been modified with a periscope mounting on the top view finder." "The motor, transformer and of course, wires go around to the master switch." "A very functional case and a beautifully modified camera." "KGB counterintelligence intensified its investigation to build a case against Alexander Ogarovnik" "Ogarovnik was really covered in a hundred percent way and they finally detected." "They found out that he was taking pictures of classified cables which the Foreign Ministry would receive from its foreign posts." "And he would eventually hand over these classified documents to the CIA." "July 1 5th, 1977. 1 0:40 PM." "A young woman carefully approached this railroad bridge across the Moscow River." "She was being observed by four KGB counterintelligence officers." "The woman quickly took what appeared to be a large piece of coal from her purse and left it on the ledge." "As she crossed the bridge to leave, she was grabbed by the KGB." "The woman was Martha Peterson, an American who was vice consul at the American Embassy in Moscow." "But this was just her cover." "In reality, Peterson was a CIA officer and Ogarovnik's controller." "The piece of coal was a dead drop container Peterson used to pass instructions, money and the tools of espionage to her spy." "These CIA spy devices are now in the possession of the KGB." "They have never been seen in the West." "A tear gas gun disguised as a pen." "A small pistol." "Flashlight batteries designed to hide film cassettes." "And a pen that concealed a camera." "Protected by diplomatic immunity..." "Martha Peterson was expelled from the Soviet Union the next day." "Alexander Ogarovnik had been arrested three weeks earlier, accused of espionage and treason." "When he was confronted with evidence, he said "Well okay, okay, give me a piece of, give me a piece of paper," "I'll, I'll sign the document of", you know, admitting his crime." "So, he was given a piece of paper." "He took out a pen from his pocket." "The pen contained an L or lethal pill for spies to use when they are captured." "He took off the cap and he swallowed poison and died within seconds." "And while the Secret Police, you know, the squad, which came to arrest him, tried frantically to open his mouth and to, you know, and force him, you know, force him to vomit or something." "Was no there, I mean he just died instantaneously." "So that's how this case ended." "Berlin Germany, during the Cold War, was a haven for spies, double agents, moles and assassins." "It was known a spy city." "Berlin was the front line of the Cold War." "There was a combat going on in the clandestine world between eastern the STASI and the western services, CIA, MI6, the French Intelligence Service." "They were actively recruiting each other's citizens." "They were actively trying to plant key individuals in each other's government and industries as well as gathering information the fastest way they could." "By the end of June, 1961, the steady stream of refugees leaving east Germany for work as of a pay and new life in the west swelled to over 4 thousands a week" "Sunday, August 13th, 1961, the east German sealed up all exit points to the west." "Soldiers and polices rolled huge coils of barbwire across the main roads." "Soon the barricades were replaced by a concrete wall." "It became the lasting symbol of the Cold War." "The keeper of the gate , the STASI, the ministry of a state security." "One of the most efficient , technically advanced and feared intelligence agency in the world." "The relationship between east German" "STASI and Soviet KGB was that of a senior brother with a junior brother." "We were relatives, friends, ideological companions." "I was particularly impressed by the east German because the east German State managed better than everyone else to make great enrolls inside the west German society." "I would say that practically no institution of west German government was not penetrated by the STASI." "During the Cold War, Berlin was a divided city." "Today, the barriers are gone." "The former Cold War adversaries are now colleagues." "Espionage expert Keith Melton has built up a network of former intelligence officers." "Among them Ralf Beyer, an ex-STASI officer who specialized in electronic eavesdropping, clandestine communications and surveillance." "Beyer, like many ex-STASI officers, is now a private detective." "He agreed to demonstrate the secrets of his former trade." "Ralf, I'm very interested in SW, secret writing." "Can you show me?" "This is a postcard." "Spies often need to send written messages that can not be read by the enemy." "The STASI developed several techniques of secret writing to communicate with its agents." "One method is called the Wet System, writing in invisible ink" "The STASI developed a different ink for each of its agents." "Why are you using a felt tip as opposed to a regular pen?" "When I write with a regular pen I have to use pressure." "This leaves a visible imprint." "A felt tip pen does not." "Okay, I want to see if I can see anything." "I, I can't see anything." "It is a two step process to make the writing visible." "First, a re-agent is applied to the paper and allowed to dry." "Then the paper is put under an ultraviolet light designed for this particular ink" "That's very good." "That's very clever." "So if I took a normal ultraviolet light, I couldn't see that?" "Yeah." "Yeah." "This ultraviolet light is calibrated to a wavelength of three hundred sixteen nanometers." "The invisible ink only reacted to this specific wavelength." "During the Cold War the Berlin Wall made it extremely difficult for STASI agents working in West Berlin to communicate with their controllers in East Berlin." "The STASI solved the problem by developing an ingenious device called the Infrared Voice Maker." "It transmits and receives voice messages on an invisible beam of infrared light." "A direct line of sight between the agent and his STASI controller is needed for the infrared beam to link the transceivers." "Seen here with an infrared camera, the light beam is now visible in the left lens as it transmits the controller's message to his agent on the other side of the wall." "The lens on the right receives the agent's reply." "These clandestine conversations are extremely difficult to detect." "After the Berlin Wall was put up, it was more difficult for the STASI and for the Soviets to smuggle weapons to, into and out of Berlin and West Germany." "So at the border crossings, they developed very close checks." "And one of the weapons that was discovered was a special rectal concealment for a tiny four millimeter pistol." "And this is the pistol." "And it was fired by being twisted." "And it was a single shot, non-reloadable." "And in this concealment, it would not be carried in the rectum, but only at the point of passing a security check" "And it was completely sealed, very effective." "You would have to have a invasive body search to detect something like this." "The STASI found that women were searched less intensively than men." "So they developed a method to hide the weapon inside a lipstick tube." "And they even went to the extent of painting the front of it red." "And it's the same single shot, non-reloadable four millimeter weapon." "And it's fired by holding the front nerling and then twisting the barrel." "If it was very close to the target, such as next to the head or close to the body, the single shot fired at a vulnerable point, would induce a fatal wound." "August 19th, 1985." "The 2:02 PM train from West Berlin arrived in East Berlin." "On board, an unusual passenger." "The highest ranking West German intelligence agent to defect;" "Hans Joaquin Tika, an alcoholic who was heavily in debt." "Tika was in charge of running spies in East Germany." "He personally handled more than eight hundred cases and was still involved in one hundred when he fled." "He lived in this modest house with his wife who died under mysterious circumstances." "Tika frequented this local pub." "He often used the telephone to conduct intelligence activities." "He was last seen playing cards here the day before he disappeared." "Shortly after his defection, Tika was brought here, thirty miles outside of Berlin where the STASI operated a remote safe house." "An isolated country estate, sealed off from the outside world except for its sophisticated link to headquarters." "Its trails and walkways disguised a labyrinth of cables that controlled state-of-the-art cameras, microphones and recorders all hidden from sight." "The perfect setting for a thorough interrogation." "This is the first time" "I have ever seen the existence of this type of a house." "This is a glimpse into the most inner secrets of the STASI." "Because the house had total surveillance." "What they did was strategically arrange cameras in every point of the room." "Whether you were walking in a hallway, looking in a mirror orjust standing for a moment of quiet, you really couldn't tell who was watching you." "What appears to be just the normal clock in the dining room is actually a special infrared glass and concealed behind here were two cameras." "And the cameras are a special infrared video that would give them complete motion of the room, as well as, the practica loaded with infrared film that could be remotely triggered." "This appears to be nothing but a hallway, but inside was a complete hidden room." "And from this vantage point they were able to secretly monitor both visually and with audio, occupants in two different rooms." "So it was imperative that every room be wired." "In order to keep it secret however, they had to go in and build in false walls to conceal the cables and the wiring." "Actually within the house were several miles of hidden cable." "The STASI realized that the occupant of the house may retreat to the bathroom thinking it would be refuge and there'd be some privacy." "Nothing could have been further from the truth." "The STASI had, in this wall, mounted a pinhole camera with a wide angle lens to give total coverage of the occupant in the toilet." "And the idea was, of course if they came in here for a meeting, they'd be photographed." "And in the ceiling, they had a small pinhole microphone." "But more important to the STASI, if they had information or a message or something that they wanted to destroy, how better than to literally flush it down the toilet?" "Now if this was observed by the watchers in the safe house, in the control house, they would immediately hit an alarm and cut off the sewage flow." "The house was designed with a special sewage terminator." "The water flow would stop." "All sewage was filtered and the guards would immediately go and could retrieve any paper pieces that had been flushed away." "During marathon debriefing sessions," "Tika revealed the names of his agents and disclosed details of eight hundred operations against East Germany." "The STASI were surprised to learn that" "Tika was suspected of murdering his wife and may have been trying to escape prosecution." "But his information proved valuable." "The STASI was able to roll back every" "West German double agents working in the East." "The people of East Germany were prisoners in a total surveillance state for forty-five years." "The military took care of external threats to the state." "The STASI took care of internal threats, real or imagined." "From this awesome complex, the STASI spent billions of" "Deutschmarks, a budget almost the size of the CIA's spying on its Cold War enemies and on its own citizens." "The STASI had an empire of almost one hundred thousand staff members and one hundred and fifty thousand informers." "East Germany was blanketed with two hundred and thirty-three STASI field officers, all used to closely monitor sixteen million people." "The East German domestic counterintelligence was modeled on the Soviet KGB." "But I think it was even better than the Soviet KGB because of the German thoroughness precision and totality of coverage, so to speak" "According to the figures now released," "East German counterintelligence or the STASI domestic, recruited almost a third of the nation." "They were used as informers." "Something inconceivable for any other country." "This reminds me of the old Soviet Union under Stalin." "The STASI bugged the telephone lines of all its citizens and listened to every long distance call." "Certain keywords automatically triggered tape recorders." "Every day in a special control center, a staff of one thousand six hundred monitored five thousand conversations." "It was as close to George Orwell's vision of 1984." "It was absolutely a surveillance state." "They gathered information from telephone taps, from mail taps, from street surveillance, from video photography, still photography." "Ultimately, they were so successful that they swamped themselves in a sea of information." "The STASI developed some of the best surveillance technology in the world and a dedicated cadre of experts trained in clandestine surveillance." "This miniature listening device can be attached to a specific radiator or water pipe in an apartment building to pick up a conversation several floors above." "The highly sensitive microphone is able to electronically read voice vibrations through the pipes." "Colonel James Atwood served in" "US Army Intelligence in Berlin during the Cold War." "They took this German dedication, this German ability to make things function, to make things work and I think in their photographic devices, in their monitoring devices, in their surveillance techniques and equipment, they were probably as good as anybody." "At a Berlin camera show," "Keith Melton is on the look out for rare STASI technology to add his collection." "STASI technology is amazing and they deploy their state resources with few bounds to make sure that the STASI had whatever they wanted." "The standard robot camera, it makes the loud noise." "See, this one makes noise." "But this one, is total silent." "This is a modification using nylon gears." "When it's in a brief case, it makes no noise." "This one, has a solenoid." "So that with a battery pack, you can trigger it remotely." "To fit a camera in a brief case , it's necessary for it to be flush." "This lens has been beveled, you can see where the brass is showing, and then it would fit flush into the plate of concealment." "They're both very special cameras." "They were only made for an intelligence or police use." "The STASI were masters at the creation of beautifully designed ultra miniature cameras." "And in the 1980's they produced what would be their masterpiece." "And this is the first time it's ever been publicly seen on television." "The optics were designed by Zeiss Yayna, which was one of the finest manufacturers of beautiful optics in, in Europe." "The camera was designed without any eyepiece." "There was no focusing." "The operator when they trained, learned to manipulate it totally with one hand." "The operator would lean their elbows on the document and touch the camera to the center of their forehead." "And ideally, the camera should be pointed down in the center of the document." "And with one hand, they cock it, and I just took the photograph." "Miniature surveillance cameras are often concealed in everyday items." "A packet of cigarettes, an umbrella," "a necktie." "Simple, plain, unobtrusive." "These are the items that a spy wants to have around." "Inside these gloves, there's a small, tiny opening." "And inside of this glove, there's a special Minox model B camera." "It's been modified for one single operation." "In, held in this manner, and utilized, it provided the opportunity for an near non-detectable surveillance photo." "STASI surveillance was total." "This can be seen in this official film documenting the investigation and arrest of a citizen suspected of writing anti-government literature." "The citizen called the reviser." "In reality, he was an inspiring poet and novelist." "On January 5, 1984." "He left his apartment as usual with a brown briefcase at 6:28 A.M." "A specialist opened the lock at 9: 1 0 A.M." "The agent searched the living room and produce surveillance photos with a Polaroid camera." "On the table in the living room were manuscripts and hand-written notes." "The quick survey of the poems and novels written by reviser indicated that they were critical of social order of the German Democratic Republic." "Many of the documents were photographed in the catching." "At 9:08 A.M., reviser left subway stop Stadtmitte and headed for the office of the magazine which he hope would publish his works in the west." "Two STASI employees pretended to do repair work on the front door." "They asked reviser to use the back door." "Reviser agreed and was arrested." "Reviser and thousands like him were victims of east German repressive system." "A system it developed to the most sophisticated clandestine technology in the world" "and used it against its own people." "1989." "The Communist world began to unravel." "In the West it was called The Year of Miracles." "In December, the Berlin Wall, the symbol that divided East from West was torn down." "One month later, the last bastion of East Berlin came under assault." "Outside the Norman Strasser Gate of the Ministry of State Security, several thousand irate East Germans stormed the building, ransacking the offices." "In this innocuous looking building, once only reachable by a hidden passageway, they discovered a huge and frightening repository; the STASI Central Archives." "Here, the STASI kept its top secret documents." "Millions of individual dossiers, copies of all telephone taps and mail surveillance left in disarray." "STASI kept a staggering forty million names on file." "Of those, six and one half million people were suspects." "Enemies of the system, accused of questioning or criticizing the state." "Many times just a causal remark turns against them or an adolescent display against authority." "In these endless rows of files are microfilms of all letters the STASI considered suspicious." "The uneducated STASI clerks were particularly suspicious of poetry." "The STASI examined and copied the mail of three hundred thousand households." "Today, government officials of the Unified Germany are sifting through piles of documents, shredded by fleeing STASI officers." "They are trying to make sense of the enormous amount of information gathered in the name of state security." "And to make sense of this, hundreds of airtight jars containing actual samples of saliva and odors of citizens suspected of subversion or undermining the state." "In what could be called "the Technology of Paranoia,"" "the STASI collected saliva samples from drinking glasses or used a cloth to pickup a body odor or scent from a car seat or a chair." "A sterile piece of cloth is placed where a suspect had been standing." "The cloth is covered with a piece of aluminum foil to lock in the scent and prevent it from being contaminated." "The cloth is left for thirty minutes then returned to the airtight jar." "The jars were heated and sterilized to kill the bacteria." "Human scent conserved this way actually grows stronger over the years." "The STASI even developed a technique to extract a person's odor or scent through a keyhole." "The scent is unique, like a fingerprint." "Odors could be preserved for twenty to thirty years." "At this special school in the Ministry of the Interior, the STASI trained dogs to track citizens, usually suspected traitors or critics of the regime." "This dog is being trained to identify the scent of a particular person." "The training took six months." "The STASI worked at perfecting the technology of what it called Scent Differentiation for twenty years." "In another technique, the STASI tracked suspects by spraying them with the hormones of a female dog in heat." "This method was used by" "STASI counterintelligence to track an enemy agent on his way to a clandestine meeting with his controller." "The dog's sense of smell was so acute that it could trail the suspect several hours after he had been sprayed." "The suspect enters a crowded East Berlin apartment building." "Goes into the elevator then doubles back to confuse any surveillance." "The dog has picked up the scent and follows the agent up the stairs." "The agent again enters the elevator." "When the dog loses the scent on the stairs, he checks the elevator doors on every floor." "The dog has tracked down and cornered its prey." "The technique was used with deadly accuracy." "I think they picked up from what the Gestapo did and learned and improved it and carried it a step further." "This was the end of the line;" "STASI's main prison in Berlin." "The STASI's relentless determination to stifle dissent inevitably led to imprisonment for anyone who was even remotely critical of the regime." "To raise money for its intelligence service, the STASI sold prisoners to West Germany for hard currency." "The West German government thought it was buying freedom for the prisoners." "It did not know that the money would be used to buy technology." "I was sold to the Federal Republic in September 197 6." "They used the money to buy technology that was necessary to work against the West." "Photographic equipment, computer technology, spy technology which was bought in the West to be later used against the West." "During the Cold War the STASI sold thirty-three thousand political prisoners to West Germany for a total of three point four billion Deutschmarks." "Such was the importance of technology during the Cold War." "In the struggle between Super Powers, the arms race in full swing, a parallel race was underway." "It was a race to steal information and its contestants were spies." "Their weapons were both unique and ordinary." "Throughout the Cold War, each side was protecting their secrets while trying to steal the secrets of the enemy." "For nearly forty years, spies and the technology of espionage helped keep an uneasy peace in the Cold War drama of spy versus spy."