"A spacecraft from another solar system invades the night sky." "But this is not our sky." "And we are the invaders." "The search for alien life has begun." "We think that other worlds, perhaps other earths, if you will, exist" "We know of hundreds of other planetary systems right now and that may be the tip of the iceberg" "It is not conceivable, really, that there would not be life" "Is it intelligent?" "I don't know." "That is a whole other issue" "Within a few decades, unmanned probes equipped with artificial intelligence may find life on planets beyond our solar system." "2014, that's the magic year." "That's the magic year where the terrestrial planet finder goes up into orbit." "And its explicit mission is to find evidence of up to perhaps 500, 500 earth-like planets orbiting other star systems." "There is no reason not to think that on some of them, somewhere, you would find multicellular organisms like ourselves" "The life we have on Earth must have spontaneously generated itself" "It must therefore be possible for life to be generated spontaneously elsewhere in the Universe" "We now take a simulated journey, scientifically verified by leading experts to a planet called Darwin IV." "The life it supports test the limits of technology and the intellects of the greatest minds of our generation" "Because here on Darwin, life is truly full of surprises" "An interstellar spacecraft named Von Braun leaves earth orbit for a planet some 6.5 light-years away" "Are we ready to confront the technical challenges of a mission that will take decades to complete?" "To find out, a team of top scientists, engineers and artists create a virtual mission to Darwin IV" "Fourth planet in a binary system called Darwin." "It seemed utterly important to me that the foundation to create a world was to make sure that the world was acceptable to the science community" "Then we put together a team of scientists to have a look at that concept and to make sure that the laws of physics and chemistry were all represented in that model" "Today, we search for planets like Earth through telescopes." "The Darwin IV mission simulates the next giant step." "The unmanned quest to find life beyond our solar system." "The Von Braun is roughly the size of a nuclear attack submarine." "and travels at 37,000 miles per second." "20% the speed of light." "According to Einstein, there is an ultimate speed limit in the Universe" "Mother-nature is like a cop." "A cop that says you cannot break the light barrier" "Now the nearest star is four light-years away" "And Darwin traveling at 20% the speed of light will take 42 years to make that journey" "The metal-composite nose shield that protects the ship is cratered by collisions with space debris accumulated during the 42-year journey to Darwin IV." "The planet orbits the largest sun of a binary solar system." "In a zone just close enough to its own star for comfort" "A sweet spot, astronomers call, "the Goldilock Zone"" "Not too close and not too far away" "But just at the right distance that the planet can support liquid water on its surface." "The Von Braun's first priority is to call home." "A digital message will be sent through a laser beam." "but the limits of time and space, impose a roaming charge for long distance." "Even at the speed of light, Von Braun's transmissions to earth take 6.5 years, making it impractical for engineers to correct problems" "So Von Braun and its probes will have to think on their own." "The first phase in the mission is to deploy the Darwin Reconnaissance Orbiter" "Or D.R.O." "It's going to spend months monitoring weather, looking for geology, looking for signs of life" "It's going to map the entire planet." "And it's going to rotate around the planet and it's going to give us some detail on its topography." "We learned a little bit about the planet via the space-based telescopes that went around Earth But now that we are actually there." "We are gonna look down and confirm that ours guesses were correct" "So that when we put these probes down which can only explore a small fraction of the planet." "We get the most out of it" "Images surge through the D.R.O's camera lens" "Infrared, radar, invisible light pictures reveal an equatorial mountain range." "And vast plains swirling with weather systems." "Darwin IV has no oceans." "Just a small blue sea." "Von Braun's computers see through thousands of destinations before selecting the one landing site with the most to offer" "The Von Braun launches a probe about the size of a dump trunk named Balboa after the famous explorer." "Balboa enters Darwin's airspace as ours first ambassador to a pristine alien planet." "The first contact between Earth and Darwin literally falls to pieces" "But the planners of the Darwin mission have prepared for just such a scenario" "The Von Braun vehicle carries two additional probes." "Probe Leonardo Da Vinci is nicknamed Leo." "Leo is followed by a twin probe, the Isaac Newton, AKA, Ike." "The probes enter the atmosphere just like the spaceshuttles do on Earth" "The final approach is a lazy S pattern to burn off excess the speed before landing" "Temperature on the surface:" "70 degrees Fahrenheit" "Leo is first to land and emerge from its vehicle" "Leo's bird-like head is crammed with sensors" "Driven by protocols embedded in the software" "Leo confirms that Ike's landing is on track and sends a status report to the Von Braun." "The news that Leo and Ike have landed is beamed to Earth." "Perhaps it's fitting that scientists who were babies when the Von Braun left Earth" "Now announce the birth of interstellar space travel" "Watching these probes from back on Earth would be much like sitting in the back of an auditorium watching your child, at a spelling bee where you know the answer, and you're sitting there hoping that they're going to make the right decision and come forth with the right answer," "but also knowing that you can't do a thing to help them at this moment" "Darwin IV has a denser atmosphere than the Earth's" "And the probes would've been designed to cope with that." "Now, we would have known that the atmosphere was in fact denser before we got there" "The way we would've known that is by looking at the spectrum of this planet and looking at the signature from oxygen in the planet." "That oxygen signature would be so broad" "We would have known there was much more oxygen there in the atmosphere than we have on Earth" "Well, today our awareness of the Universe has expanded, you know, exponentially, really" "We've gotten smart." "We've learned." "We've done our homework." "The first wave of space telescopes showed us one thing." "earth based telescopes showed us another." "Physics, computers, Mathematics has come together in a beautiful confluence that has allowed us to recognize what before was unmeasurable" "Next, the probe called Da Vinci explores a puddle and discovers a micro universe." "But life forms on Darwin come in many sizes." "And some of them are lethal." "On Darwin IV, probes Da Vinci and Newton are backed up by a menagerie of mini-probes." "Within minutes, their sensors detect a mysterious presence." "Recently, some astronomers have said:" ""Bah, humbug!" "The conditions for a life are extremely rare."" "For example, you need a large moon to stabilize the orbit of the Earth." "Or else the Earth tumbles in its orbit." "You need a large Jupiter to clean up the comets and meteors of the solar system." "You have to have so many "Goldilock Zones", the Earth has to be just right for this, just right for that..." "That perhaps we are alone." "Well, I don't think so." "Because if you look at the number of stars in the heavens perhaps ten billion trillion stars that are within the range of our telescopes and you realize that half of them, perhaps half of them have solar systems around them" "And if you play the odds, you come up with the realization that perhaps there are billions, billions of planets in our Universe that have conditions that are compatible with life as we know it" "Leo's first assignment is to recon a region studded by tall mysterious gourd-like structures" "Before he can take them on, he's got to get them self together" "Darwin IV's atmosphere is drenched in water vapor a free source of hydrogen which Leo converts to inflate a large bag on his back" "It's covered with photosynthetic solar panels" "The array turns a green hue, as an algae-like material, within the cells, generates energy from Darwin IV's two suns." "Leo's bird-like head contains two sensitive camera eyes" "His arms are simulated plastic muscle tipped with sensors and a manipulator that can pluck a petal off an alien daisy." "Thrusters on pivots push him along at a top speed of 30 miles an hour" "Leo senses movement in his side scanning radar." "But he can't investigate the source of the movement" "His artificial intelligence isn't programmed for it at this point" "Leo's first priority is finding his yellow-tailed brother" "While physically identical, Ike and Leo were created with complementary personalities." "Ike is safety conscious, Leo is inquisitive and programmed to take risks." "Their artificial IQs are roughly those of 4-year-old children." "Their missions can be redirected by the Von Braun's super computers at any time" "Assisting them are mini-probes like this "spider."" "It's designed to explore places too tight or dangerous for Leo and Ike." "The data they collect is transmitted to the Von Braun for analysis." "Camera disks serve as high speed scout" "The saucers can be retrieved and recharged." "Radical changes in Darwin IV's weather could tear the probes to shreds" "So, Ike and Leo deploy an early warning system." "Small weather balloons monitor the atmosphere." "It's now time for the last diagnostic check" "Should Ike or Leo confront intelligent life they'll present a calling card in the form of a hologram." "Number comprehension, images of our galaxy, solar system, the Earth and the human species, are offered as an interstellar handshake" "Leo has sensed something again." "Von Braun determines that Leo and Ike are fully prepared to explore the bizarre structures that surround them." "Scientists will name them gourd trees 15 stories high, they stand on a matrix of root-like stilts" "Von Braun's computers determine the stilts could only support such a huge mass if the gourds were hollow or filled with some type of spongy material." "But Leo and Ike are not programmed to immediately study objects like the gourd trees" "Some astrobiologists predict the only alien life forms we may stumble upon are microorganisms." "And the probes are designed to study them" "Leo is programmed to search for them in the first puddle of water he finds" "A microcosmos of single and multiple cell life forms fill his sensors." "But Leo is about to discover that life on Darwin IV comes in many sizes and many faces." "This life form is roughly the size of a T-Rex." "But instead of a roar it directs a single wave of sonar at Leo and Ike." "Darwin IV's dealt the mission a wildcard" "The probes are in the middle of an extraterrestrial Serengeti" "And it's a whole new game" "The discovery that Darwin IV is not just a planet capable of sustaining life or had life at a simple level on it in fact, had an entire complex interactive multicellular biosphere comparable to what we see on Earth," "is one of the greatest discoveries, the greatest discovery in the history of mankind" "We can almost be certain that life that we find on another planet will have evolved along lines differently from the life on Earth" "The Arrowtongue is a remarkable large predator." "As far as we can tell, in terms of the land living predators on Darwin IV, it's the largest one that we got a record of" "So when we look at Darwin IV and look at an organism like an Arrowtongue and then we look at Earth and organisms like Tyrannosaurus Rex, we've got two different evolutionary pathways" "Starting out with different raw materials and perhaps similar circumstances," "And we end up with these two organisms, that in some ways are very, very similar and in other ways are extremely different" "We really need to examine the entire food chain on this planet from the very smallest animals up to largest to get a sense of what is Earth and Darwin IV have in common." "When we left Earth we would not know anything really about Darwin IV." "We would know some very broad things that we wouldn't know of the surface was covered with water, we wouldn't know if the surface was very marshy or very strange." "And if you send a probe that can just fly over everything and fly very slowly, which a lot of your probe can do, then you can cover all the basis pretty well" "The intelligence of Ike and Leo is very much like a small child." "Intellectually, the child might know to do certain things, not to do others." "But, in some cases, may need to be reinforced." "A child doesn't know necessarily not to touch the burner of a stove" "And Ike and Leo may not be aware of all the possible threats in its environment and would have to learn from those" "Next, Leo and Ike enter the kill zone of a power predator on Darwin IV." "An alien hunter that pegs its prey with sonar." "A high-speed chase begins on Darwin IV." "An alien planet where life and death turn on a dime" "And as night falls, alien life forms create a bioluminescent light show" "If we realized that there's other life at a higher order of multicellular organization of even, you know, adaptation to environment" "I think that would rock profoundly our boat." "And, you know, in one sense it may, it may actually lead to a greater realization that we have to do more exploring" "Because our own little backyard is not as isolated and protected as we think it is" "And I think it will lead to amazing opportunities." "By learning about the other life we may better recognize our own limits, our own possibilities." "Its eyesight, may be less evolved than large life on Earth." "So, using sonar could be a more accurate means of locating objects around it like Leo and Ike." "Splotches of bioluminescence cover the creature's back" "Astrobiologists could call this creature the Arrowtongue" "The Arrowtongue determines the probes pose no threat and turns its attentions elsewhere" "The Gyrosprinter is a two-legged vegetarian, about twice the size of an African antelope." "Arrowtongue reveals itself as an ambush predator capable of great bursts of speed" "As predator and prey hit speeds of 40 miles per hour, the probes are left in the dust" "Ike lunches a camera-disk to follow the action" "The Arrowtongue commands the road like a semi-truck" "But the Gyrosprinter corners on a dime" "Night falls on Darwin IV." "Scattered bands of bioluminescence rake the surface like some kind of alien landscape lighting" "Possibly it's a form of communication on Darwin IV" "But Ike and Leo ignore the light show" "And push on towards their prime objective" "Their firs priority is to scour the landing side for Balboa, the lost probe, to confirm its fate" "The Darwin mission now depends on just two intrepid probes with the intelligence of preschoolers" "Images of the Balboa and of large life forms taken by Ike and Leo are evaluated by the Von Braun" "Its super computers now make important adjustments in the programming of the two probes" "The probes are directed to split up" "Leo will hunt for Darwin's larger creatures while Ike explores ecosystems and life forms that resemble plants" "As Leo's quest begins, he flies over a geothermal vent" "Here he'll top off his gasbag with some hydrogen from the mist" "But even during a pit stop a good probe keeps exploring" "Life on Darwin IV never stops either" "In the midst of this volcanic caldron Leo finds microorganisms that resemble some found in hot springs on Earth" "As Leo looks for big game his twin probe Ike explores a small isolated forest" "The floor is covered with stick-ball plants" "Part sponge, part virus" "Giant molds called Darwin tomatoes rise from the dense soil" "Then Ike's sensors suddenly direct him skyward" "Called Trunksuckers, they cling to these plaque bark trees, sucking nourishment from the nutrient rich layers just beneath the tough outer shingles" "It's here that the mission reaches another milestone" "After seeing life everywhere" "Ike gets its first glimpse of death on Darwin IV" "But death from what?" "The Arrowtongue is a very interesting organism" "It has a lot of similarities to some of our dinosaurs." "It doesn't have the maneuverability of some of its prey, I don't see it at all a formidable high-speed predator" "It's an ambush predator appears to sneak up on its prey and then take them down quickly." "It is a high efficiency predator." "very highly evolved, a very interesting animal." "Gyrosprinter is a very probable animal, when we look at animals on Earth" "This is an animal that needed to get away from predators who's running in a hoping manner, beat things 100 million years earlier it's better to get fast, it got faster." "until it developed this amazing sense of balance, the large feet for gripping and handling on the turf" "Looking at the shoulder girdle and the, the hip girdle" "It appears that this animal may have evolved from a four-legged animal" "It appears we have a fusion here in the forelimbs, fusion of the hindlimbs" "Truly extraordinary." "Something that we would never have predicted from life on earth" "One of the things about the plants on Darwin IV, is that, superficially they seemed kind of bizarre" "And yet when we look at the plants on earth, we find that there is a lot of really bizarre plants on Earth too" "It's just that they're not common" "One of the things that we might ask about a plaque bark trees is first of all, is transporting nutrients and water and we're guessing that it is" "We might also ask where does it transport them" "We didn't tell the probes to go checking" "But we can learn about this from looking at the behaviors of the Trunksuckers" "They are very similar to some sorts of birds." "the woodpeckers that we have here on earth They fly, they land on the trunk of tree" "They prop themselves up with their tail And they taking fluid from the tree" "This tells us somethings about the Trunksuckers where they're getting their energy but also is informative about the plants and what they're doing" "So Trunksuckers are informative about both plants and animals" "Next, a herd of phantoms stampede across Darwin IV" "And Leo attempts contact with a grouchy alien" "On an alien planet, Ike has discovered forest creatures death from unknown causes" "Meanwhile a sonic ping ends a conversation and Leo goes offline on Darwin IV" "If you look at the diversity of what species look like on this planet" "Nature's come up with better things than our best science fiction" "Artists and people try to conceive what a foreign species would look like" "Somebody thinks are come out of the deep ocean, just are absolutely amazing creatures just the diversity from the same starting materials of DNA and genes" "By mixing and matching these, almost any physical appearance is possible" "For the past three days, the Darwin Reconnaissance Orbiter's tracked a large object moving rapidly across the surface" "Leo's been ordered to investigate, what mission scientists call an object of interest" "As it turns out the object of interest is not an object at all" "It's a bunch of them." "Leo locks on to a herd of creatures called Unths" "The closer Leo gets to the herd the more his attention turns from motion to sound" "Unths have nostrils and lungs But they also inflate secondary air sacs on both sides of their bodies" "Unths are named after the sound they make when they exhale through their dorsal vents" "Like buffalos on Earth, the Unths are competitive" "Possibly fighting for domination of the herd" "Something spooks the herd." "Leo senses movement nearby, but can't get a fix" "His sensors are simultaneously scanning in all directions looking for the strongest signal" "The newest input comes through Leo's microphones" "A pair of Bladderhorns compete" "Bioluminescent antlers are displayed to scare off opponents" "The racket from this duel might've spooked the Unths" "Leo interprets the back and forth bellowing as a form of communication" "Perhaps this alien grump is smarter than it looks" "Leo deploys the Earth communication screen" "Like a greeting card, it's the best hallo we can offer" "But if the Bladderhorn is saying anything, it's probably telling Leo and get lost" "The Bladderhorn cuts and runs as Leo's sensors detect another disturbance" "For the next 24 hours, the Von Braun makes several attempts to communicate with Leo" "But gets no reply A grim dispatch rides a laser beam to Earth" "Probe Da Vinci has gone offline Cause, unknown" "Ike and Leo's programming would be different" "So that they would respond differently" "You have a chance of one of them responding in a situation that may not be the best response to that situation, may put the probe in danger" "By having the two probes carry separate software, you have a chance to have one survive while another one may fail" "The Unths are interesting in that they occurring in herds or groups" "This is one of the Darwin IV animals that we see where there is the evolution of sociality, social groups which is also very important and evolved evidently many times on Earth" "These animals are interacting each other in a number of sophisticated ways" "Probably both to establish pecking order within the herd" "And even though we're not sure what's a female what's a male in the Unths at this point Certainly the kind of interaction we're seeing in these animals are very similar to males fighting for females that we see on Earth among herding animals" "The Bladderhorn is a very interesting animal for variety reasons" "One thing that's a bit unexpected is that the Bladderhorn is the only animal we've seen so far that in fact appears to use sound as a major means of communication" "It's taking some of the features we would expect to see that is display features, that would be use in competition" "We see this animal interacting front to front" "Probably these, its horns with the bladders are fundamental in the way they interact with each other" "Next, Ike confronts a forest vampire and a living earthquake blocks the surface of Darwin IV" "On an alien planet a forest encounter's a near disaster for Ike" "When we do make contact with an intelligent life form They may be descended from predators" "Take a look at our animal kingdom We have foxes, lions and tigers with stereo eyes to the front" "And then we have rabbits and deer with eyes to the side" "That's because the predators have to zero in on the prey" "They are, they have cunning, they have stealth They know how to ambush, while if you're rabbit, all you have to do is know how to run" "So which is more intelligent, the fox or the rabbit?" "Well, obviously the fox is more intelligent than the rabbit" "So chances are when we meet intelligent life forms in outer space," "They're gonna be descended from predators" "Unless he resumes transmitting again Leo is virtually an invisible dot on a vast alien landscape" "Leo's twin probe Ike soldiers on" "He finds another pocket forest The living remains of woodlands that thrived until Darwin's oceans evaporated and the climate changed" "As Ike begins to scan the trees his sensors pick up something new lurking on a high branch of a plaque bark tree" "Scientists will call it the Daggerwrist for good reason" "When Ike launches a camera disk, the Daggerwrist is not interested in posing" "The Daggerwrist's forelimbs sink so deep, the nutrient rich sap bleeds to the surface" "Ike's not programmed to approach something this aggressive" "That was Leo's job" "The study of plant life is Ike's mission until Von Braun orders otherwise" "Finding water is statistically the most efficient method of finding vegetation" "Ike scans a carpet of moss at the edge of a deep water marsh" "But what lays beyond it is even more intriguing" "Ike surveys three odd mounds covered with saplings" "But appearances are deceiving on Darwin IV" "Rising five stories into the air is a massive paradox" "The Groveback" "Grovebacks bury themselves alive for long periods of time" "They're not hibernating, they're feeding" "Grovebacks absorb nutrients from the soil through the skin of their underbodies" "When the ground's depleted they move on in search of new feeding areas" "Groves of trees sprout from these immense creatures" "The Groveback provides them water from its spongy tissue" "The trees inject sugars into the Groveback" "Just enough juice to jump start these titanic walkabouts on Darwin IV" "A burst of data kicks Von Braun's computers into hyper drive" "Ike's brother Leo has come back online" "If Ike or Leo were to come back after having gone offline" "The first thing you'd wanna know is why They'd need to send you some information" "What caused the reboot, anything that can tell you" "As well as if possible they have saved some data from just before the problem" "So that you'd be able to see what was going on when the problem occurred" "And then their response to it So that you could start trying to figure out what had happened" "The Groveback is the most massive animal that we have a record of on Darwin IV" "Its tremendous size, supports, the own, my own theory that I've put together on these animals and I think shared by some other scientists" "They have a much lower body density The size of Groveback far exceeds the, the mass of any of our dinosaurs, that we've records of living on Earth" "My first impression on the Daggerwrist is that this is a very large Praying mantis" "It has limb configuration that is reminiscent of the forelimbs of the Praying mantis, although the Daggerwrist uses them to climb trees." "which was very interesting." "Moving by gliding is very interesting, this is a rather large animal The membranes involved in producing the lift, the gliding appeared rather small We have to remember that the gravity on Darwin IV is less then Earth's." "And we also have to remember we're gliding through a thicker atmosphere" "So the dynamics are gonna be different" "People ask me all the time" "Why should we care about discovering new things, if it is not applicable to us?" "If that doesn't put food on the table or gasoline in the car?" "Why should we care?" "All I can say is that, if you are not curious enough to want to know the answer to anything you can know, anything we can discover" "Then, you are not, you are not human" "Next, Ike solves a gruesome mystery in the forest" "And the wide wings of aerial hunters cast their shadows across Darwin IV" "The Von Braun has picked up a signal from the lost probe, Leo" "Ike is sent on a mission to find his twin" "But his search has barely begun when Ike encounters a pair of Darwin IV's greatest predators on this Alien planet" "I think statistics would say life is a cosmic imperative." "I personally believe, from all the observations that NASA has offered Humanity for the last 50 years suggest that environments could be, there, we now recognize, potential habitats on Mars today that you could insert earth life into, in habitat potentially be sustained" "This is amazing!" "25 years ago we might not have said that" "And then the question is:" "Why don't we see it all around us?" "And I think that begs a bigger question" "Do we really know what we see all around us?" "We are just taking those baby steps into that cosmic ocean, with a few elegant robots and a few human voyages We barely left the cradle." "As Von Braun tries to get a fix on Leo" "His twin probe Ike moves deeper into the foothills of Darwin IV" "Like groves of pine on Earth, the pocket forests of Darwin IV are covered with colonies of passive organisms that feed on the moist, spongy floor" "As Ike continues to explore, the Darwin Reconnaissance Orbiter detects a sudden atmosphere disturbance" "While Ike's sensors clock the wind at only 30 miles per hour" "The super dense atmosphere gives it a kinetic punch of a young hurricane" "Ike has no choice but to head for the ceiling to get out of the storm" "Ike fires a salvo of weather balloons to sample the currents of the unexplored upper atmosphere" "Unlike the Earth where storms are fed by great oceans" "Darwin IV's airspace is a shifting maze of thermals rising from hotspots created by the two suns" "The power of passing storms present a new and potentially lethal threat to the mission." "Ike is little more than a fragile sack of hydrogen on a planet where even the weather seems predatory" "But for now, it's back to the business of discovery" "Ike's motion sensors pick up activity within the grove" "Not on the ground, but in the air" "The link between a deadly hunter, its prey and the plaque bark trees suddenly unfolds" "The dark king of the pocket forest fills in the missing pieces of a predatory puzzle" "Trunksuckers feed on the sap from gashes made by climbing Diggerwrists" "Ike's data confirms that Diggerwrists extract the pre-digested material from the corpses of their prey" "A gruesome, but energy efficient survival strategy on Darwin IV" "The weather on Darwin IV is puzzling 130 days have past since Ike began its survey and never ones has it rained" "As far as Ike's sensors can determine" "Darwin's surface waters flow from underground aquifers and springs that might explain why forests can only exist in small pockets" "Ike takes his survey to a high meadow where his side scanning radar detects some new blips" "A sonar ping throws a herd of Littoralopes into a panic" "Like the Arrowtongue, these aerial killers hunt with sonar" "No creature on Darwin IV is safe from the lance of the flying Skewer" "The lance itself is hollow and as strong as titanium" "Running through its center is a razor spiked tongue that bores through the toughest hide" "Helpless prey are killed and drained of fluids" "Scavengers called Jetdarters feed on the rest" "The Skewers are remarkable, large animals of flight" "In the fact that they're not using their, their wings or airfoils in, in order to fly" "They seem to be jet propulsed" "Using the Skewer to impact the prey item and then lift it is highly unexpected" "The, the forces involved there're tremendous" "A, in a flying animal if you suddenly attach all that weight on the front, that shifts the center of the balance of the animal, which is very critical for flying which is almost certainly why they almost go straight up" "after they impale a prey item" "Because the center of gravity, the center of weight for the animal's shifted so far forward" "Dropping of the prey item and having another one swoop it and catch it in the air is again very unusual" "It's kind reminded me of what we see when we throw a large chunks of fish up to frigate bird when you out fishing in the way they fight, interact for" "We want to know is there competition here, or is this cooperative behavior are these related individuals?" "All sorts of interesting questions about Skewers" "Next, a giant takes its step in a wrong direction" "And Ike enters a deadly matrix"