"Welcome to Window on Britain 2." "In this programme we're going to look... at some important areas of British life." "We're going to find out what the British do on holiday... what kinds of animals are common in Britain... what people watch and read... and what they do in their free time." "We're also going to look at the environment... health, and law and order." "First, let's look at work in Britain." "Where do British people work?" "How many hours do they work?" "And what jobs do they do?" "The population of Great Britain is almost 59 million." "About 27 million people work ... 15 million men and 12 million women." "They can start work at the age of 16." "About 1.5 million people are unemployed." "They haven't got jobs." "Job Centres like this one help them to find work." "Most people work full-time." "On average, men in Britain work 44 hours a week." "Most men retire at the age of 65." "Women work about 31 hours a week and usually retire at the age of 60." "For women the average is less because many of them work part-time." "So what kinds of work do British people do?" "Over a million people work in the building industry." "In the past Britain was famous for manufacturing." "In the nineteenth century, factories and shipyards in Scotland..." "wales and the north of England... produced cotton, machines and ships... to make Britain the world's leading industrial nation." "Other industries developed in the twentieth century." "This is the Jaguar car factory in Coventry." "The first of the famous Jaguar cars appeared in 1935... and production started here in 1951." "The American car company Ford bought Jaguar in 1989." "Over 2,000 people work at this factory... and they produce about 200 cars a day." "Although manufacturing is still important... more and more people now work in offices... and spend a lot of the day working with computers." "One very big business in Britain today is finance ... money." "London's the number one financial centre in Europe... and number three in the world behind New York and Tokyo." "Retailing is important, too ... selling goods to people like you and me." "Eight of the top ten retail companies in Europe are British... and four of the top ten food retailers." "Do you know any of these British companies?" "Of course, we're now living in the twenty-first century... and hi-tech industries are very important." "This is Research Machines, a company near Oxford." "They make computers and software." "Most British people get 20 working days holiday every year." "There are also eight public holidays." "We call these Bank Holidays because they were days when banks closed." "What do you do?" "I'm a schoolteacher" "I'm a helicopter pilot." "I'm a bookseller." "I'm a sales rep." "I'm a lecturer." "I'm an airline pilot." "I'm an Oxford Walking Tour guide." "How many hours a week do you work?" "Sixty, eighty, it depends." "During school term about sixty." "I guess about thirty to forty." "I think it's thirty-seven and a half." "I actually fly for about twenty hours, but probably work for about fifty." "Round about twelve contact hours of teaching." "Anything from three days a week to seven days a week." "What do you like about your job?" "It's fun." "I love serving customers." "Freedom. lt's up to me to arrange it the way I like." "Oh, meeting young people." "What do you like about your job?" "I meet people from all round the world." "The long holidays." "I get home every night, and I don't have to think about anything else." "What don't you like about it?" "Getting up at five o'clock in the morning." "Administration, a lot of paperwork." "I don't like folding lots of shirts to go away on trips." "Working at weekends." "What don't I like?" "Rain!" "These days we can send information all over the world... at the touch of a button." "As more people go on-line, so more people are working from home." "well over half a million people work mainly from home." "It's easy, it's convenient... and you can have a cup of tea when you want one." "When do British people go on holiday?" "How much time do they take?" "And where do they go?" "Like millions of other British people, I go on holiday in the summer." "Although July and August are the most popular months... not everyone takes their holidays at the same time." "Lots of people take a two-week break, but they can choose when to take it." "Going abroad for a holiday is now very popular." "British people make almost 40 million holiday trips every year." "That's seven times more than in 1970." "Florida and the Caribbean are popular with some holidaymakers..." "I but 85 per cent of foreign I holidays are in Western Europe." "Spain is the number one choice for many people." "Over 25 per cent of all British holiday makers go there." "Why do so many British people go abroad for their holidays?" "Because of the British weather." "Sometimes there isn't very much sun!" "But not everyone goes abroad." "The traditional British seaside holiday is still very popular." "In the nineteenth century, there weren't any cars or planes." "People travelled by train from the big cities... to seaside towns such as Blackpool..." "Bournemouth... and here, Brighton, which is only 100 kilometres from London." "People come here to swim, windsurf, sunbathe or just sit in a deckchair." "Brighton is a place for family holidays... because there are lots of things to do." "They all have a good time... and it doesn't matter how old you are!" "People stay in hotels, guest houses and bed and breakfasts." "Some people camp in tents or stay in caravans." "This is a cheaper type of holiday." "Everyone hopes for a lot of sunshine and not too much rain!" "Over 2 million British people spend their holidays in Devon or Cornwall... in the south-west of England." "In the north, the Lake District and Scotland are both very popular." "Surprisingly, London isn't popular." "Very few British people go there." "How many?" "Only about a quarter of a million." "Not everyone wants to spend 2 weeks lying on a beach." "Many British people have activity holidays... doing things such as climbing, cycling, walking in the hills, or... sailing on a narrow boat along a canal." "You can travel gently through the countryside... and spend a little time visiting interesting places." "You don't have to book a hotel, because you sleep on the boat." "It's very different to everyday life, and very relaxing!" "Animals are very important to the British... at home, in the wild, and on the farm." "What are the most popular pets in Britain?" "What wild animals are there?" "What are the most common farm animals?" "well, there are more than 11 million cows." "We use them for milk and for beef." "There are also a lot of pigs ... 7 million, in fact." "But there are even more sheep than pigs and cows together." "There are about 44 and a half million sheep in Britain." "There are lots of birds on farms, too... such as, turkeys, ducks and chickens." "Altogether there are an amazing 172 million farm birds." "There are about 30,000 different kinds of animals in Britain." "The fallow deer is one of the most attractive wild animals." "It's also one of the easiest to see because they live all over Britain." "Fallow deer live in the countryside but you can see them in some parks too." "One of the smallest wild animals is the field mouse." "The largest wild animal is the red deer." "Many years ago they lived all over the countryside... but now red deer live mainly in the Scottish Highlands." "The badger, of course, is much smaller." "You can easily recognise a badger because of its black and white nose." "They usually come out at night so you'll be lucky to see one." "Rabbits are easier to see... especially early in the morning and in the evening." "This is a hedgehog, the only British animal with spines." "Foxes usually live in the countryside." "As more and more countryside is disappearing... some foxes are learning how to live in towns." "However, not all animals are so good at changing their habits... and some animals need protection from others." "This is a red squirrel." "Two hundred years ago red squirrels lived all over Britain." "Then in the 19th century the grey squirrel came to Britain from North America." "The grey squirrel is a little bit bigger than the red squirrel... and it's much better at finding food." "Nowadays you can only find red squirrels in Scotland... and some parts of england." "The golden eagle also needs protection... but from humans." "It's one the rarest British animals." "There are just over 800 golden eagles left in the wild." "They are one of the largest British birds and one of the most beautiful." "There are a total of 116 protected species of animal in Britain." "Horses are very important in Britain." "We ride them in sports such as racing and polo... or just for fun." "The police also use horses to control crowds." "This is Fred. lsn't he beautiful?" "Because they like animals... the British give money to two societies in particular." "One is the RSPCA... the Royal Society for the Prevention of cruelty to Animals." "It started in 1824 and was the first society in the world to protect animals." "The other is the RSPB... the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds." "This started in 1889." "And, of course, a lot of British people have pets." "In fact, over 50 per cent of British homes have a pet." "Cats, dogs and fish are the most popular." "There are 8 million cats in Britain, nearly 7 million dogs... and 28 million fish." "It's amazing, isn't it?" "Have you got any pets?" "I've got one dog" "What's its name?" "It's called Henry." "I've got one cat called Katy." "I have one kitten called Rasputin." "I've got a pet tortoise." "His name's Harry." "I've got a goldfish called Oxo." "Yes I have a pet and his name's Barney." "He's a rabbit." "When your pet gets ill, you'll have to come here to the vet's." "Vets are doctors for animals." "They usually look after farm animals and pets." "This is the Beaumont Veterinary Hospital in Oxford." "Five full-time and two part-time vets work here." "The majority of the animals that they treat are dogs, cats and rabbits." "... her knee here and that's what I can feel ... and that's what the vet who saw her yesterday said." "We've got two choices in terms of what to do with her:" "one is to have her in an x-ray tomorrow... and the other is to keep her on medication for a while, on pain killers... and see if ..." "The British really love their animals." "Walk on, Fred." "Hi." "We're going to look at the media in Britain." "We're going to find out about television, radio and the Internet." "But first, what do you know about British newspapers and magazines?" "The British love their newspapers." "Two out of three British people over the age of 15... read a newspaper every day." "That's about 26 million people." "Even more people read a paper on Sundays." "What do they read?" "The two most popular daily newspapers are tabloids... the Sun and the Mirror." "Over three and half million people buy the Sun every day... and over two and a quarter million buy the Mirror." "In tabloid papers you'll find more gossip... more human interest stories... more pictures ... and not very much serious news." "These newspapers are larger." "They're called broadsheets or quality papers." "About a million people buy the Daily Telegraph... and about 700,000 buy The Times." "There's also The Independent and The Guardian." "In these papers you'll find more news... more serious articles and fewer pictures." "Altogether there are about 130 daily and Sunday papers in Britain... some national, some local." "There are also over 6,500 different magazines!" "Of course, nowadays not everyone actually buys a newspaper." "Some people read their newspaper online." "Over 75,000 people visit this website every day." "The number of people in Britain who use the Internet... is increasing all the time." "A lot of people also listen to the news on the radio." "BBC Radio 4." "The news at seven o'clock." "The Chancellor, Gordon Brown ..." "The BBC is the British Broadcasting Corporation." "It has five national radio stations, 39 local stations... and two terrestrial television channels." "The BBC is not commercial ... there's no advertising during their programmes." "British people have to buy a television licence every year." "The BBC uses the money from this to make television and radio programmes." "Here they're filming Middlemarch, the classic novel by George Eliot." "There are three other terrestrial TV channels." "There's ITV, that's independent Television..." "Channel 4... and Channel 5." "These are all commercial and have advertising." "Of course, there's satellite and cable TV, too." "There are lots of satellite and cable channels." "On average British people watch almost 24 hours of television a week." "Most households have at least one television... and 46 per cent of British children have a television in their bedroom." "How often do you watch TV?" "Nearly every day." "Quite a lot, every night." "Usually, I watch television every night." "I watch it for about two hours a day." "Not very much." "Each day I watch an hour of television." "What's your favourite programme?" "My favourite programme is Neighbours." "My favourite programme is The Simpsons." "I like sport, mainly, on television: football, rugby." "My favourite programmes are the soap operas like EastEnders." "My favourite programmes are EastEnders, The Simpsons and Friends." "My favourite programme's MTV." "My favourite programmes are Friends and The Simpsons." "What are you going to watch tonight?" "Tonight I'm going to watch Neighbours and Friends." "Tonight I'lI probably watch Top of the Pops." "I'm going to watch Neighbours and Friends." "Tonight I'lI probably watch Top of the Pops and Friends." "Eighty-four percent of British homes have a video recorder... that's more than in any other European country." "What kind of videos do you watch?" "I watch action and sci-fi videos." "I like comedy films." "I like old films like CasabIanca and Citizen Kane." "I watch skateboarding and rollerblading videos." "I would normally watch comedy videos." "It's interesting that in Britain more people have a television... than a washing machine." "But my washing machine has a terrible picture!" "British people spend their free time in a lot of different ways." "They do sport, they watch sport, they visit interesting places... and they have hobbies." "Have you tried any of these?" "What do you do in your free time?" "I like to watch television and listen to music a lot." "But I do go on the Internet as well." "I like to skateboard and rollerblade in my free time." "I play rugby in my free time for Oxford Rugby Club." "And I also play tennis." "In my free time I usually play sport... which is usually tennis if the weather is nice or swimming." "I like playing rugby. I'm a member of a rugby team." "I like swimming, playing tennis and football." "I play football for a football team." "I play a lot of tennis as well." "I play rugby or cricket, or go sailing." "I play sport, go into town, see my friends." "In my free time I go to a drama group and a dance group." "So what are the top ten leisure activities in Britain?" "The most popular activity for British people outside their own home is... going to the pub." "Over the last ten or twenty years pubs have changed a lot." "People don't just go to the pub for a drink." "Almost all pubs serve meals nowadays... and many pubs have live music, karaoke competitions and quiz nights." "The second most popular activity is going to a restaurant." "And the third?" "Young people, especially, like going out for fast food." "The number of fast food restaurants in Britain... has increased about 10 times since 1982." "And after fast food?" "The fourth most popular activity is... going to the library." "Surprisingly, this is more popular than going to the cinema... although the number of people going to the cinema... has almost doubled since 1980... and the number of cinemas has more than doubled, too." "Many people visit historic buildings." "This is Kingston Lacey... a beautiful seventeenth century house with lovely gardens." "Nearby is Corfe Castle." "It's over one thousand years old and full of history." "Short break holidays both abroad and in Britain are very popular." "A lot of young people go to discos and nightclubs." "And, of course, watching sport is a big free time activity." "Favourite sports include football... horseracing... and cricket, a traditional English sport." "Art galleries and museums are popular too." "This is the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford." "The Ashmolean is the oldest museum in Britain... and has been part of the University of Oxford since 1683." "They have a wonderful collection here including these beautiful sculptures." "200,000 people visit this museum every year." "Like many museums in Britain, admission is free." "What other places do people like to visit?" "Almost 3 million people visit Alton Towers every year." "This ride is called Nemesis." "And this one is called Oblivion." "Then there's Madame Tussaud's... the Tower of London..." "Legoland... and the London Eye." "The London Eye opened in March 2000... and is one of London's most popular attractions." "But what to British do at home in their free time?" "well, listening to the radio or to CDs is popular." "So is reading." "And people spend a lot of time visiting or entertaining their friends and family." "But the most popular activity?" "You've guessed it. lt's watching TV." "This is the Peak District National Park." "It covers an area of about 1500 square kilometres in the centre of England." "The government created National Parks in 1949 to protect the environment." "Britain is a small country with a large population." "Nearly fifty-nine million people live here... seventy-five percent in towns and cities." "The Peak District lies between Manchester and Sheffield... and near several other large towns and cities." "A third of the population of Britain can get here in less than an hour." "In fact there are over 22 million visitors every year." "On the River Mersey near Liverpool, not far from the Peak District... we see what industry can do to the environment." "Here in the Midlands and the north of England... the industrial Revolution changed the face of the British countryside." "Factories create money and employment but they also bring problems." "Pollution has been a problem in Britain since the nineteenth century." "At that time London became famous for its smog... a mixture of smoke and fog." "Smog continued to be a big problem in the twentieth century, too." "In 1952, four thousand people died when the smog lasted for several days." "Since then the government has introduced laws to control pollution." "For example, people aren't allowed to burn coal in towns and cities." "But new threats to the environment have appeared." "There are now twenty-seven million cars, vans and lorries on the roads in Britain." "A quarter of families have two or more cars." "On average, the British use buses and trains for only one out of ten journeys." "Many cities have taken action to deal with increasing traffic." "This is the High Street in Oxford." "only buses, taxis and bicycles can use this street during the day." "Many other British cities now have traffic-free areas." "Looking after the environment has become an important part of British life." "In such a crowded country... it's essential to protect the countryside so that people can enjoy it." "Why do you come to the Peak District?" "well there's lovely areas around here and there's loads of walks." "There's nature walks all the way round as you can see." "And it's just a nice area for families to come." "It's absolutely beautiful. I love walking here... and there are certain parts that I come to quite often." "You get a lot of variation." "There's valleys, there's water, streams, rivers, lakes." "Fresh air, you have a good appetite when you've been here." "I love the countryside so I love to come for a walk." "And I like to look at the wildlife." "There are such lovely places to see and nice walks to do... and the people are very friendly." "There's just so much to do in the area." "It's a very nice area." "And when the weather's good, it's really beautiful, isn't it?" "In Britain today people are putting time, money, and energy... into keeping well and keeping fit." "Health care's important." "So is diet." "And so is fitness!" "If you're ill in Britain, you go to see your GP." "A GP is a general practitioner, or family doctor." "There are over 36,000 GPs in Britain... and about a third of them are women." "Each GP has nearly 2,000 patients." "If you need medicine, your GP will write a prescription for you... to take to a chemist's or pharmacy." "You don't have to pay to see your doctor... but you will probably have to pay part of the cost of your medicine... unless you belong to one of the groups of people who get their medicine free... for example, you're a student, or over 60, or expecting a baby." "Chemists prepare about 505 million prescriptions a year." "If you need to see a specialist doctor, or have medical tests or an operation... your doctor will send you to a hospital like this." "This is the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford." "In Britain most doctors and hospitals are part of the NHS ... the national Health Service." "All NHS hospital treatment and operations are free." "In fact, the NHS provides free medical care for everyone in Britain... from the very young ... to the very old." "When the NHS started in 1948... it provided free visits to doctors and dentists... free treatment, free prescriptions, free eye tests and free glasses." "But today many people have to pay for prescriptions... for eye tests and glasses... and for trips to the dentist." "Britain has one of the highest levels of heart disease in the western world." "It also has a very high level of cancer." "Nearly a million people work in the National Health Service in Britain... and it costs almost 40 billion a year." "It's a lot of money ... and there are still problems." "People sometimes have to wait a long time before they can see a specialist... or have an operation." "Because of this, many people see private doctors and use other kinds of treatment... or alternative medicine, like reflexology, homeopathy, and acupuncture." "It really doesn't hurt at all." "In fact, there are more alternative medical practitioners in Britain... than NHS doctors." "Medicine helps people get better, diet helps them stay healthy." "If you eat well, you'll probably have a longer and healthier life." "Nowadays British people eat less red meat... and more fresh fruit and vegetables than in the past." "New medicines and better diet have raised life expectancy." "On average British men live to the age of 7 4..." "British women to 79." "Many people live longer than that." "In 1952, only 271 people reached the age of 100." "Nowadays the total's about 3,000 a year." "I hope to see you on my hundredth birthday!" "Can you tell me when this happened, please?" "It was about half an hour ago, at one o'clock." "OK, and where were you, under what circumstances was it taken?" "We were in the park, and we were eating our lunch." "And then a man suddenly arrived and he stole my bag." "He was a tall man with fair hair." "And he grabbed my bag, and he ran away." "What I need to do is complete a report." "One important part of the work of the British police... is to help the local community." "Was there anybody else there?" "Did they see anything?" "Police officers are often seen on the streets of British towns and cities." "Unlike police in many other countries, these officers don't carry guns." "I've covered the city for a good ten years as a foot officer." "I've found that a pleasure to do that, and the locals have been very supportive." "I think the public's view of the police, and the police's view of the public... is very very similar." "And we work very hard with the community... to try and solve their problems." "I would say Oxford during the day, 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.... is like every city very beautiful... it's got a lot of nice places where the tourists and the locals can go." "And then on a night time, 7 at night onwards... it's like Manchester and London." "It becomes very busy, a lot of people out, socialising, drinking... and the drink then adds to the problems." "There are about one hundred and fifty thousand police officers in Britain." "Another important part of their work is the fight against crime." "In 1999, about five million crimes were recorded." "Two million of these crimes were theft." "Half of these involved cars." "Over a million cars were broken into or stolen." "And nearly a million burglaries were committed." "In Britain, five times more men than women commit crimes." "After people are arrested, they come to somewhere like this ... a court." "In Scotland the system is a little different... but in England and Wales there are two main types of court... the Magistrates' Court and the Crown Court." "Less important crimes are dealt with in Magistrates' Courts." "These make up 95 per cent of all criminal cases." "The Crown Court deals with more important crimes... for example armed robbery or murder." "This part of the court is called the dock." "The defendant sits here." "And the judge sits here." "twelve ordinary people decide if the defendant... is guilty or not guilty." "These twelve people are called the jury." "The judge decides what the sentence will be." "In the year 2000, the prison population in Britain was over 70,000." "That's the second highest proportion of the population... in any country in western Europe." "In Britain the death penalty for murder was abolished in 1969." "However, if necessary, a judge can send someone to prison... for the rest of their life." "This prison was closed two years ago." "Now it's going to become a hotel!" "But I don't think I'll stay here."