"You know, I grew up in a field like this." "My dad and I were riding   until these amazing lakes on top of the mountain." "We rode back to some pretty remote wilderness areas." "With incredible streams, and meadows, and wildlife." "I love this place." "Watch this canyon." "I remember the Grand Canyon." "It is this small stream, and these steep canyon walls." "How long do you think it would take   to remove this stream so small this large amount of material   and make this very deep canyon?" "This rock has a story, as you and I have." "He came from somewhere." "Many of these rocks have been dated to the 350,000 years old, reaching 2 million." "That is very old." "But it might surprise you to know   that all geological formations we see here, cannons, layers, and even plants," "They are younger than me." "When I was born, none of this was here, but there was a large forest hundreds of feet deep   of where we stand now." "In fact, before 1980, most people   I had never heard of Mount St. Helena." "It was on May 18 that year   molten rock that created a steam explosion   with the force of 20 million tons of dynamite." "Avalanche debris and other flows of the eruption were deposited   and all those layers quickly reached 600 feet thick." "A couple of years later there were more volcanic activity   which created a mudflow that separated this entire canyon." "step also opened through the bedrock, all in a couple of days." "Is not it amazing what a little information about the past   you can do to help change the way you watch this   and present world around you?" "Many people assume a lot about   in the history of the Earth around us." "The question is, how these assumptions affect   the way we see the story?" "But more importantly, what role they play in   the way we view science and the Bible?" "Did God create the world in a few days or thousands of millions of years?" "Is humanity descended from primates   or God created us instantly, his image?" "Was there a global flood that destroyed the Earth   or is that a myth?" "In other words, is Genesis story?" "When we think about the history of Earth," "There are many things to consider." "But one of the most fascinating is the story of the Flood." "¿It came over the whole Earth covered in water?" "Genesis says that the waters prevailed   on Earth to such an extent that the mountains   under the whole heaven they were covered." "So if the Flood was truly global," "Was not there much evidence?" "I had heard from a scientist that happened   more than 40 years studying this question." "When I spoke with him, he said there was an excellent place   where we could see evidence of global Flood." "Steve, I have to admit, I've been here several times   but every time I come it's amazing." "In addition to my home, the Grand Canyon is my favorite place on Earth." "So, Steve, tell me, what do you see here?" "When we see the Grand Canyon, we   the inside story of the earth beneath our feet." "And we have a kind of layered cake, right?" "Strata   that they have been eroded to our advantage to see   the inner structure of the Earth." "These same layers are in Colorado," "Also in Illinois, and Pennsylvania." "So when you say sedimentary strata," "Are you talking about the layers we see?" "Yes." "The lower layers are formed first." "These are grains of sediment were mixed, separated, and flowed here from different directions   and they piled one on another." "And then, of course, become naturally in rock." "So you're saying that the solid Earth   on which we stand right now   if we went in its history, would it be liquid?" "Yes." "The ocean is doing amazing things   and water with incredible power is deposited   the layers we see in the canyon." "And there are fossils in all those layers?" "There are marine fossils at all layers." "But the standard explanation is that there were 17 advances and retreats   different ocean on American continental crust, and that spread over hundreds of millions of years." "And what is the evidence you see here   you'd say that does not seem to make sense?" "4,000 feet flat layers   in the canyon they are flat and relative to one another, we see between the layers of strata   and we see the passage of time between the layers." "You mean to erosion?" "Erosion, especially and channeling   not visible on a large scale." "And then we see strata as such   and they provide evidence of rapid sedimentation, very fast." "Just minutes or hours is what it takes to make the layers." "Well, tell me about the history of these layers." "How did they get here?" ""The six hundredth year of Noah's life, in the second month   on the seventeenth day of the month, the same day were all the fountains of the great deep, and the windows of heaven were opened ... "" "My understanding is that the rupture occurred ocean floor, some kind of magma or earthquake prompted   the oceans on continental crust." "So that's the reason why   we have these marine fossils in these layers?" "Yes." "And we have six months   where the waters prevailed upon the earth." "Approximately seven months for the water to subside." "4,000 feet of strata probably represent   early and middle stage of global Flood   right there in the Grand Canyon." "We have other local strata in this region of the Grand Canyon." "It is called the Grand Staircase." "We have about 10,000 feet, strata two miles thick   above the Grand Canyon." "Higher than where we are." "Higher than where we are, and that represents the later stages of the Flood   and the return of the flood water." "This surface was chamfered by the withdrawal of flood waters   and while the flood retreated to the newly formed ocean basins   then probably they emerged continental crust   and the ark, of course, was perched on the high ground in the Middle East." "Well, there are some people who say   that record is a local flood." "I think it's a global flood and high mountains all   or the whole sky was covered, a universal declaration, but mountains have risen since." "And we should not measure the depth of the floodwaters   by the mountains that are present on Earth, which they were largely created during and after the Flood." "Well, the fact that we have all these layers would be   unknown to us if we were   standing on them somewhere else ... but we know that they have been separated." "How did that happen?" "Well, it's the story that we all learned   at school, yes?" "The Colorado River separated the Grand Canyon   for tens of millions of years." "Most geologists have scrapped that idea." "It's hard to keep a gun like this   for tens of millions of years." "You can not imagine a cannon remain so long with erosion." "Is it because eventually the sides   they had collapsed and collapsed?" "Yes." "So how is that carved all this?" "Well, there are many theories, and personally   I like the idea of ​​catastrophic erosion drainage lakes." "So after the flood we have these large bodies of water, some lakes that are trapped." "There is evidence of the great lake   in the Painted Desert, a place called Hope Buttes, about 500 cubic miles of water in this huge lake." "And then the dam breaks   and that massive amount of water   he is now pouring and carving it." "Yes." "And how long would erode the Grand Canyon?" "Maybe weeks, but not millions of years." "Time is not a magic wand that solves   all geological problems in the world." "Rejects that thinking about the millions of years   and then start thinking about catastrophic processes   as you see in the Mount St. Helens   and that will help you understand the Grand Canyon ..." "Every place we looked, Steve showed me evidence   the incredible power of moving water." "They quickly settled those huge layers, and then quickly they eroded." "Steve wanted to show   where in the floodwaters struck first continental crust, so he took me to a deeper place in the canyon." "Steve, when you said to me   would you take to the bottom, you were kidding, right?" "We are in the bottom, right?" "We are in a great side canyon of the Grand Canyon main   and we are seeing the granite base, which is the core of the continental crust, so to speak, and then we see the strata above planes." "The boundary between granite rock below   and Tapeats sandstone above is   this area we call the Great nonconformity." "Why does it seem to be such a definite line?" "I mean, it is very clear." "I think it is an erosional limit colossal scale." "We are seeing something that shows the magnitude   flood flow over a surface." "And you're just here?" "Great Dissatisfaction extends continentally." "I've seen, I think, in the Middle East." "It is in Europe." "It is in Africa." "And it is here under the North American continental crust." "So we have this layer." "How thick is this layer?" "What follows from this?" "Well, here we have the megasequence Sauk   thousand feet of sandstone, shale, limestone covering the entire continental crust." "There are four other large packages sequences   strata that are on it." "These are also continuous as this." "What we are seeing here is fairly representative   the rest of the world." "Makes one really question the notion   that all this happened for a small local flooding." "We're talking about something huge." "The power of moving water was beveling   and pulverizing rock, depositing a thick layer   and leading us to think in a global flood." "However, the conventional story is completely different." "He says there is a long time   between each of the layers." "Some people have said that the limit of the Great Dissatisfaction   it represents five hundred million years." "You mean between the granite we see   and that first layer of sedimentary rock?" "Yes." "They say there could be five hundred million years, and that's what his explanation   in the history of the Earth I would ask them to consider, and yet, when you come here and look at this   it is almost a regular flat surface." "Not exactly a flat surface, but it is a surface that undulates gently." "Would that be the product of thousands of millions of years   or the product of the power of water   brushing a surface?" "Here time is alien for a good explanation, so we want to explain what we see." "A wherever we look we see the power of water." "And it's water on a colossal scale." "And that's the story here at the Grand Canyon." "Not a bit of water for a long time." "It's a lot of water for a short time." "Time is really the central problem   when we talk about the history of Earth." "How long did form what we see around us?" "To me it seemed clear that the global Flood would   transformed the Earth quickly, and yet I know that many people think   that the world is slowly formed over thousands of millions of years." "What was the real difference between these two ways of seeing the time?" "I needed to talk to someone who could tell me   more about science and history and time." "Since my background is in computer science, we are in a place where I   he had personally experienced something of this story." "As we watched the exhibition," "I was reminded of how small   and that they have become powerful computers   since I used them for the first time." "Paul said that changing our assumptions about computers   really it was a series of paradigm shifts." "When I was 19 I read Thomas Kuhn's classic," ""The Structure of Scientific Revolutions"," "He is describing the notion of paradigms." "A paradigm is a framework in which you interpret the evidence." "So science not only is the evidence;" "This is how you interpret the evidence." "So, this room for example, we have here called "minicomputers"" "but really they are not mini at all   in terms of our current paradigm." "Today, right?" "Yes this." "So to really understand this question of origins   you really need to start watching   the ruling paradigms, the two main points of view we have now   about the history of the life and history of the Universe." "And which are they?" "On the one hand, we have the conventional paradigm." "In the conventional paradigm you have a profound time, 13.7 billion years together with this gradual process   starting with the primitive simplicity   and ending with what we see today." "All the complexity of life has to be built from below   for purely physical processes where no mind, no creator, no design is present." "The second point of view we can call, say, the paradigm of historical Genesis." "Everything starts with a divine mind, a creator, an intelligence that plans and directs   and it brings reality into existence." "Events are happening at a much more recent time scale." "The universe, the solar system, our planet, life itself, all starts fully formed as a functional system." "It is not difficult to see that there is a radical difference   between these two in terms of time." "When we see the history of life   on this planet, we have a body of data   but depending on the paradigm one adopts, the data will be interpreted in very different ways." "It seems that a paradigm is   drawing on a story that was given to us   and the other paradigm is building this story." "Is that how you see it?" "We have a witness to these events and that witness is us   I am saying this is what happened   and we have to take that into consideration   and then evaluate the data." "Well, Paul, why this becomes something serious is   we're not talking about a story about boiling water   a certain temperature." "We're talking about a story that is   with the origin of the universe." "Deals with the origin of life;" "The origin of humanity;" "The origin of sin and why there is evil in the world;" "The origin of geological formations   we have around us;" "The origin of language." "I mean, this is not just any story." "He's dealing with very, very large elements of humanity   and where we are today." "Yes." "You're talking about the origins of literally everything." "And I think if we turn away from all this and say, well," "What it is really the difference between these two paradigms ?" "," "It is not a question of science on one hand   against religion on the other because both are scientific in the sense   they are observing a common set of data." "The most profound difference is really   Two historical views competing ..." "What is the true history of our cosmos?" "This seems to be the real question." "What is our true story?" "What really happened?" "The conflict is not between two views of science, but between two views of history." "Since Genesis was written in Hebrew," "I wanted to talk to an expert in Hebrew." "What really was the original text?" "The first word in Genesis is Braichit ..." "Genesis 1: 1 is Braichit." "This is the beginning of Toledot Noah." "That word Toledot, is a very interesting word." "Sometimes it translated as "pedigrees"." "Sometimes it translated as "history"." "And what follows is the record of the Flood." "Steve, it seems that there is much history in the Bible." "Is that how you see it?" "Oh, absolutely." "In fact, the first thing is that it is an accurate historical account." "The presentation is such in the perspective of writers   they thought they were talking about real events." "It is very obvious from the way they insisted   that the next generation learn its history." "When you see those early chapters in Genesis," "What do you see?" "Can you give us show?" "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth ..." "No Hebrew word for the Universe." "This means that He created everything." "And the next thing we find in Genesis 1: 2   it is a water ball in space." "In the coming days, God will fill the universe." "Well, here you are talking about days." "Do you see this as literal days?" "Is this what the text is telling us?" "Or, you know, what other people think, this is just a poetic way of a different point of view?" "Well, first of all, is not poetry." "All major Hebraists the world say   this is fiction." "And they say that one of the unique features   the Genesis account of creation   and the Deluge is that they are narratives, because in the ancient East that was done in epic poetry, which is very different." "And here we have a narrative to indicate that this is historic." "What this means is that you understand the words   in the normal way these Hebrew words were understood." "The word "yom" means day." "The rationale for their use is what we refer to as day." "It is a 24-hour day." "The only way you'd want   means a longer period of time is   if you impose an alien concept to the text and say," "Well, I think these are ages   so yom, it must mean ages." "What you have to do is start with the text." "If we start with the text, yom, it means day." "So when we got to the passage   talking about the creation of Adam and Eve," "You're seeing is a clear historical event   that would stand in direct opposition   the conventional paradigm that man evolved   from a long, long process." "The biblical text is not compatible   with the conventional standard paradigm." "The Bible teaches that the Lord God formed man, artfully blowing in the breath of life;" "created in His image." "And then of course the woman is created." "We marriage." "We fall." "And then in the genealogy of Noah we have the complete account of the Flood." "And the Deluge, is a global flood?" "Well, I do not know how many times, 35 times or so, the word "kol", which means "everything"" "It appears in the narrative of the Deluge." "If this is a judgment on humanity, then it must be global." "And as we go through these first eleven chapters of Genesis   we come to chapter ten, which is called the table of nations, who are the sons of Noah." "It is mentioned in that chapter that people   they are in different nations and languages." "So Moses returned in Genesis 11: 1-9   and explains how languages ​​develop." "So we arrived at Toledot of Terah   y el Toledot of Terah no va a ser acerca of Terah." "It will be about his famous son, Abraham." "It just seems so apparent that no   disconnect between all of these things   and everything we see in the beginning." "It's just a long historical narrative." "¿No?" "So is." "In fact, pedigrees form the structure, not only for Genesis, but the narratives are   embedded in the genealogies." "Genealogies are taken and calls the Toledot   in the book of Ruth to establish that David is   a descendant of Judah, something required by the prophecy of Jacob." "And then we come to the New Testament." "How the pedigree of Jesus set?" "With two genealogies, one that crosses the line of Mary   until Adam." "Steve, in the light of all this we have seen, how important is the historical narrative   we found through Genesis, including all generations shown," "How important is it for Christianity?" "This shows that Christianity   it has a historical basis." "It is what the Scriptures say   and the scriptures represent actual historical data." "So Christianity is not a leap in the dark." "It is an understanding that has very strong historical bases, and that our Savior is our Creator." "These genealogies are incredibly important." "If Jesus is descended from Adam, and if Adam was created on the sixth day of creation, then the Earth can not be very old." "So where do the millions of years?" "I met a geologist in a place where he said   we could understand this better." "You see the stillness, the plain, nothing to bother." "And yet you have the reminder that in the past was explosive." "There was a volcano here behind a cinder cone volcano   and the volcano spewed lava flow   that spilled through the field." "A lot of basaltic lava." "Yes, but it is actually small compared   with lava flows we see in many places." "And there are a thousand volcanoes around here   and the little that is behind us   we call cinder cone volcano." "You call that small." "Yeah, well, it is." "These volcanoes are small." "Mount St. Helens in 1980 when it erupted, well, 2,500 feet from the summit of the volcano flew, but that was small compared with historical eruptions." "We can go a little further back   to the great eruption of Yellowstone   and a part of the volcanic ash ended up in Texas." "It reached that distance." "Think lava flows in India   where you have an accumulation of up to one thousand feet   over an area measuring one third of the subcontinent of India." "What we see in this is really just tiny   compared to what we have seen in the past   and that is saying something about the historical past." "We can not use the present rhythms of these processes to understand   how fast and how majestically in terms of scale   the accumulated geological record." "Well, that's the point that brought me to you   because how we determine the age of these rocks?" "Well, the important thing is to first recognize   This lava flow is in a sense a moment in time." "It is an event." "And when it is melted, you have all the different elements   leaving the volcano all mixed   and the rock begins to crystallize." "Any of the atoms are radioactive   begin to accumulate in what we call   products son, the decay products." "Now, the point is that the decay rate is so slow   where we measure in this   it takes millions of years   so that the atoms decay into atoms father son." "And it is that where are the millions of years, the fact that the decay rate at present is slow." "But we would say that this is not   really the key to the past   because obviously the past contains some events   catastrophic mass that are not happening today." "In fact, the Bible would say   the past is the key to the present." "If you want to understand why the world is as it is today   you have to understand what happened in the past." "So we have many clues that geological processes   they have not been in constant rates over time   and now we have other clues that decay rates   it could not have been constant." "So we've taken rock samples from a variety of places." "Many signs in the Grand Canyon   each of those layers of rock." "I have done in New Zealand." "We have done elsewhere in the world." "And what we have done is to submit the same samples   more than one of these dating methods." "And what we found is that in the same samples   with more than one method, we are getting dates   which they differ by hundreds of millions of years   and even billions of dollars in some cases." "We are seeing big differences using different methods." "Well, if there is that kind of difference   among all dating methods   then that it seems to confirm that in fact we   an open system here, no one closed." "Right." "And if we have an open system, then we can not trust him   to give us reliable dates for these rocks." "And that changes the whole way of thinking   about the history of the Earth because suddenly   now these radioactive clocks are unreliable." "We have evidence that the rate was faster in the past." "Of suddenly we could not be thinking in terms of millions of years." "We might be thinking in terms of a story that is much shorter." "You were saying that this kind of evidence is   in the literature now." "Yes Yes." "Why you are not making an impact?" "Well, I've been wondering that   when I've spoken in geology departments of the universities   and the answer is that there is a commitment   with the millions of years." "And so when people clung to that approach   anything outside his field of vision that conflicts   with that approach it is marginalized." "And the reason why   the millions of years are important," "If we go back in history of scientific thought," "Charles Lyell in England proposed the millions of years   and they multiplied ages for rocks." "And that was the foundation on which Charles Darwin built." "In fact, he read Charles Lyell's book and became convinced   of millions of years of geological evolution   so now he could say that given enough time   what we see not happen in the present." "Could see only small changes in the present." "But if we have millions of years, small changes   they can accumulate to become big changes." "So if you want to have a new way of looking at history   that says we arrived here by chance, random processes over millions of years, then you have to have rocks that are millions of years old." "Otherwise you've undermined the whole foundation   that way of seeing the history of the Earth." "So time becomes the critical element   for the conventional paradigm   and that time has to be a deep time." "Andrew said that when studying the rock formations," "One shows evidence of a young earth transformed   by a global catastrophe." "So he took me south of Sedona for him to see with my own eyes." "The important thing to note here is that   This landscape is really very stable." "There was a lot of erosion in the past   to till this whole field, but those cliffs and valley floor are very stable, why we vegetation." "Today everything is much, much quieter." "Current processes are extremely slow   but they can not explain how we got this erosion, how do we get these layers, how do we get these cliffs." "Okay, you wanted to come here because you saw the evidence   of a young Earth by what we found here." "What do you see?" "Yes." "Well, the first thing we noticed   it is the extension of these layers." "It's like a stack of pancakes." "For example, the red unit that crosses all   our view, that is the formation Schnebly Hill." "And on it you can see it first white unit," "Coconino Sandstone." "And on the horizon you have the Kaibab limestone, which it is the rock on the surface of the Grand Canyon." "And we are, 70 miles from the Grand Canyon here   and these layers are still here." "It is hard to imagine the volume of material it represents." "Yes." "For instance, sandstone Coconino." "We can trace it from here right through New Mexico," "Colorado, up to Kansas   and Oklahoma, or even in Texas." "We're talking about at least 200,000 square miles   consisting of a rocky drive for miles and miles and miles." "That's not the scale we see today, with localized sedimentation." "And to get this way is lying in such a large area, it's like having to do a pancake   at the same time very quickly." "So these layers show evidence of rapid sedimentation, the extension of these layers." "Well, Andrew, you were talking about that red training   but that does not sound familiar." "No, that's the Schnebly Hill formation." "Not in the Grand Canyon." "At the Grand Canyon we Coconino formation Hermit." "And that limit is sharp edge   and there is no evidence of erosion here, which means that the formation was deposited quickly Hermit   and then immediately Coconino was deposited thereon." "But here we are 70 miles from the Grand Canyon   and we have this training Schnebly Hill   between Coconino and Hermit." "And this training Schnebly Hill, 800-1,000 feet thick in an area of ​​over 1,000 square miles   it must have been formed very quickly." "If that took millions of years, we should see millions of years of evidence   of millions of years of erosion in the Grand Canyon   in that same limit." "We not see it." "So that means that this training Schnebly Hill   in this area it had to be formed in a matter of hours." "So that tells you it's not just the lack of erosion   but there is no time between these limits." "So the whole layer sequence was deposited very quickly." "So we have this large expanse of layers." "We have a lack of erosion between the layers." "What other evidence do you see?" "Well, if you look carefully, for example," "Coconino Sandstone to, we stratification   there are bands in which they are inclined." "We call cross-stratification." "What they indicate is that you had   waves of sand under the water moved." "The comparison is a desert." "It is important to recognize that there is a difference   in the corner on a dune in the desert." "It is usually from 30 to 34 degrees these inclined layers." "Under water, it is usually 25 degrees or less." "And Dr. John Whitmore has combed the hills   about their students   hundreds and hundreds of measurements of these cross stratifications   and all are in the range of 15-25 degrees." "So it was a tank underwater." "And so these layers are accumulating in hours, weeks   and in a few months, you have this whole lot   layers of pancakes on such broad areas." "So the difference is not   it is to believe in these layers that exist." "Not at all." "The difference is in time, right?" "Right." "It is not a matter of science against the Bible." "When we are talking about the paradigm of the Flood   and the conventional paradigm, we are actually talking about   two different ways to see the history of the Earth." "These views are very different." "Of course, I thought being taught the conventional view   with their long periods and slow and uniform changes." "But what is the history of the world according to Genesis?" "Kurt Wise took me a fascinating place to another   fossil evidence showing me forests, explaining the rapid formation of coal   and speaking of the complex design of biological systems." "Wherever we looked, he taught me something new   about the Earth and its history." "We ended up at the entrance of an old abandoned coal mine." "This is what is   Company Dayton Coal and Iron, built   about 100-110 years ago." "What is surprising is that if you did not know that story   and you looked at these rocks   you think they are very old." "In fact, if we were in Greece you might think   that they are thousands of years old." "It's hard to tell just by looking at the structure as such." "Well, Kurt, then I need you to do something   because I know the conventional paradigm   look at the history of the Earth as a straight line." "Many uniforms and other processes." "But the story of Genesis tells us   that is not so uniform." "Yes, that's a good point." "In 2 Peter chapter 3 talks about people in the last days   they would say, "Where is the promise of His coming is?"" ""Ever since our fathers died in   all things continue as they were from the beginning of creation "." "This concept of what you see in the present, what is happening now, what is happening in the creek down there, what is happening everywhere on Earth   it is the way it has always been." "It has always been throughout the history of Earth." "The passage continues," ""But they deliberately ..."." "They are not only ignorant of these truths, they are rejecting these truths by the way, and lists Creation and the Flood." "These are events that apparently, according to the Bible, are not as in the present." "And how great is that's what we see here." "That cliff is not really in place." "That cliff is about 1,000 feet higher." "He slid to where he is now." "That's a big rock." "It is immense." "Huge." "Now, what kind of process in this   slides down blocks as big as this?" "This thing still by a mile." "But within these rocks there is more evidence of an event   before that it is even bigger, even more different than the present." "And then you play within those there are fossils of a period of time   which is very different to the present." "So according to the statements of Scripture   and according to my own experience   you can not use this to judge the past, to understand the past." "But if you return to the beginning, you will realize that the Bible presents   what I would call periods in Earth history." "Got big periods of time?" "Just different things going on   for each of those times." "But if you live in any of those times never   would understand the previous time, because they are very different." "The first is the creation itself." "In six days God created the whole universe." "He created the planets and the stars   and he unfolded the Universe   with his arm extended." "That obviously is not happening today." "He is not creating planets." "In fact, at the end of that passage," "He says he has finished his creative work." "Then we move to what I call the Edenic period, the period of time that Adam and Eve are  in the garden of Eden." "And it's very different than in the present." "That passage, for example, gives us the impression   that if Adam and Eve had not sinned   they would have lived forever ..." "It is difficult to even conceive of humans living forever." "So it's a different world." "Completely different." "But how long it did?" "We do not know." "He ended suddenly   when Adam and Eve ate from the tree   the knowledge of good and evil   And God cursed creation." "He changed the rules of the universe." "The sun no longer be able to shine forever." "We would no longer be able to live forever." "So it's hard for us to even imagine what that would be   because we only see the laws that are present." "And we would not have come to that conclusion   if we had the Word of God." "That's true." "And I think that that's what the Word of God   we have been given." "And then we slid into the third period in time, what I call the antediluvian period, the period before the flood and after the fall of man." "It is a world that is different than the present." "They work the same natural laws, but it is a different set of creatures, a different set of plants." "It's a little warmer Earth." "The continents are in different positions   of which they are now." "It is significantly different." "And that's what we see in Peter, where he talks about   the world being destroyed." "So the Flood not only wet everything." "This was a really radical change, right?" "Yes, if we are right about what we have understood so far, we continents moving, bumping into each other, creating mountains." "Mountains rising up to tens of thousands of feet high." "You have water rinsing entire continents." "We are tearing tens of thousands of feet of sediment   of the old continent and then depositing   hundreds of feet of sediment over again." "It's ..." "We're seeing earthquakes   amazing power." "So that changed what you call   At the time of antediluvian to after the flood." "Basically, the Earth has to   recover from the global Flood." "The atmosphere has to recover." "Geology, rocks, have to be recovered." "Plants and animals have to spread around the Earth." "Have plenty of water, huge earthquakes, huge volcanoes." "And about that period of recovery it is a slow decline   in the intensity and frequency of these things." "So it would be in this period in which we would see   the Ice Age, for example?" "Yes." "Ironically, the Ice Age   turns out to be, in our model, a consequence of the heating of water during the flood." "The water is evaporating from the oceans." "That cools the ocean." "The water then moves over the continental crust   leaving huge volumes of water fall." "Now in some places the rain will fall like snow   but down so quickly and relentlessly   that can not melt and collects   sequences in thick ice until they reach the miles thick." "And then when the oceans have cooled enough   generation system that rain has stopped, then these glaciers collapse on its own weight, melt at its current position, and they continue melting." "This global warming is recovery." "Earth is still recovering from the flood." "So that was a pretty tumultuous era   but then you have a final time." "Then the modern era, you can study the current processes   and understand things pretty easily   until after a couple of centuries the Flood." "So that could make someone think that these processes, if you wear them all the way back ..." "Precisely." "If you take the current processes and extend it to the past, and that's what 2 Peter says." "That's the mistake that people." "It is reasonable." "Take this and spread it to the past." "It is not unreasonable." "So you have to go to the Bible   to find the information needed to reconstruct it." "And, looking at it from the other side, if you start from the Bible, just the beginning of the story." "God has given us the ability to read the rocks   and fill the rest of the story, and we need to fully understand the Flood." "We start with the Bible, but then go to the rocks." "Talk to the rocks and they will tell   what has happened in the past." "Kurt had a point." "The Bible records historical events   but it does not tell us how these events happened." "That's what these scientists were doing." "They were trying to interpret the evidence   in the light of biblical history." "But Kurt said there was evidence within the rocks." "What was that evidence?" "I love coming to the museums of natural history." "For me as a paleontologist, it is like the opportunity to go to a zoo." "They are all animals that lived before the Flood." "It is an opportunity to travel in time." "It's like a zoo, but they are not alive." "They're all dead." "And not stink, so that's very good." "And the Museum of Natural History   not only he is telling us what was in there." "It is also trying to give us a narrative line." "And we have two possibilities, we have two paradigms   between a naturalistic vision and a biblical view." "And all natural history museums in the country, most of which there are around the world, you only get one of those views," "They only give you a naturalistic way of seeing the world, an old Earth." "But the same data, this dinosaur is capable   to be understood in an alternative paradigm." "So when I'm thinking about this kind of creatures   I'm thinking of a world just before the Flood." "I mean, this is a real image of a violent world." "Yes." "This is why God said, behold, the end of all." "It was not just humanity." "Man and all the animals on which they were judged govern   at the time of the Flood." "Well, Marcus, could you give us an overall picture   fossil and how all this fits in with the other?" "Yes." "Fossils tend to be in different layers   where numbers are very, very large   that they have been destroyed, thousands of millions anonymous." "So every time we see a layer of rock   it's so thick, we're thinking about   an event that probably took minutes to complete, not thousands of years." "Minutes only for this unique package of rock, sometimes even seconds." "Now, where these pulses Flood water are   moving on continental crust, taking ecosystems, or dragging up marine ecosystems from deep ocean   and pushing them toward Earth, and while one is deposited   the waves again, and they begin to push   and stack additional things about it." "And it's cemetery on Cemetery on cemetery." "It's one thing to talk about catastrophe, not a kind of thing where the fossil record   gradually builds bone by bone, shell by shell, slowly through countless eons of time." "So you're saying we have   these marine fossils everywhere, even in the mountains." "Yes." "Further back in the Museum, they have sections   with things like mosasaurs, some large reptiles swimmers." "Mosasaurs are distributed globally   and are distributed across continents." "So you are seeing those things, you're saying   what has the power, what has the ability to make the marine world   and throw him on the continents of so violent and destructive way." "And the Deluge fits perfectly here." "When we were in the Grand Canyon," "Great Dissatisfaction saw   and there were no fossils actually below that   and suddenly we started having many." "What does that tell you as paleontologists?" "Well, the Great Dissatisfaction tells me   that there is some kind of massive erosion   and a course change is happening across the continent." "And then when we started to get those beautiful sedimentary rocks   they have all the wonderful fossils in them, patterns begin to emerge." "The ecosystem has the first animals on it   it comes very suddenly." "In conventional Paleontology, they call the Cambrian Explosion." "It is the first appearance of a wide variety   different marine animals." "Suddenly you have this complex and complete ecosystem   that basically comes out of nowhere." "This makes perfect sense   from a perspective of Creation and the Flood   because the Flood is destroying ecosystems, while in the evolutionary view, these ecosystems have to   a little more gradually emerge   as organisms evolve and diversify   and they meet each other in their environment." "But that's not what you see." "Instead you see an explosion of life that is complex, full, the ecosystem is integrated with each other." "You can see where all the different bodies fit each other." "And that's only the first time that happens." "Each time you gain a level in the geologic column, in the fossil record, you start to see screenshots   more and more ecosystems." "You have an ecosystem is destroyed and then have another." "Has slightly different creatures, there are interactions." "And as the floodwaters rise and rise   They are coming closer and closer to the coast   destroying more and more organisms in the coastline   and eventually on Earth." "I think I see what you're saying ..." "And is that the paradigm that all teach us, this conventional paradigm is trying to tell us   that the fossil record is an evolutionary picture of life   as is being developed in the opposite way to the paradigm of Genesis   he is saying no, all that life," "the complexity of life was already there   and we are now seeing the cemetery of all that life." "Exactly." "Well, what other data   you can see that you are convinced this paradigm?" "Well, very curious situation with the fossil record   vertically thinking about these things   are not the rigid parts of the animal, but the set of footprints." "They are the footprints." "There is a pattern we see in several different groups   where the tracks are first and bodies are later." "For trilobites, amphibians, for dinosaurs, the first time they encounter evidence in the fossil record   it is of his footprints, not the rigid parts." "From the perspective of old Earth that's very strange   and difficult to sustain because you have millions of years   between production set of footprints and animal he made them." "But that obviously does not make much sense   because if there are footprints, there are animals, and these animals have bones and teeth, and shells on them." "Why they are not fossilized?" "Instead, the pattern is telling us something different." "No time between when someone leaves a trail   and when someone is buried." "But the fact that these sets of footprints are still there," "That should tell us something too, right?" "First, it tells us that the deposit   or the positioning of the next layer above   it must have happened very, very quickly because, again, you go to a beach, and you walk in the sand, your fingerprints are destroyed very, very fast." "But the fossil record is showing us   something very different from the present." "This is death at a time." "This is death in an instant." "And we're talking about a world that was   complex, comprehensive, integrated   and the Flood is destroying the world sequentially   and burying vertically." "So I think looking at the fossil record   as a record of life is partially correct   but not about the development of life." "It is about the attempt of life to survive an event   that ultimately he consumed completely." "Well, that would make sense then   because when God spoke   to destroy the Earth with the flood, was not only the destruction of human life," "It was the destruction of all life." "And now the world in which we live is, as you said, radically different than it was before." "Yes." "When we look at the T-Rex, when we look at Mosasaur," "When we look at all these animals like wild carnivores, and really are ..." "I mean, they are terrifying   but that's not what we were created to be." "So those sharp teeth, claws such devastating   and behaviors that accompany them, everything seems to be part of the curse, and part of that is genetic." "Part of it could also be some modifications." "But these agencies, by the time we see them, and it is important to remember this   when you come to a Museum of Natural History, you're not seeing the world in the creation week." "You're seeing the world as it existed in the Flood, and that was a world full of violence, and it was a really terrible place to live." "I realized that the thousands of millions of creatures   buried in these layers are silent testimony   the overall judgment of God." "I decided I wanted to see   one of those layers of fossils with my own eyes." "If dinosaurs died suddenly in the Flood," "Would not it be obvious?" "What we are dealing with here," "This is the Lance Formation, is an Upper Cretaceous sedimentary deposit." "And what we have here is what is called a deposit of bones." "A bone accumulation having about one meter thick, less than a meter, and in this meter bones are present, as a stratum graduate with small up bones   and the larger bones in the background." "And here you can see that Erline is   working with other vertebrate." "This is a cervical vertebra of a duckbill dinosaur." "This is where the spinal cord is." "When I see these bones in the quarry, often I imagine being inside the live animal   and I imagine what it would be   seeing these bones for the first time." "So this is full of bones, and it's not like   we have to go find where the bones are." "We just have to sit down and start digging." "What is the main difference between sites   you're digging here and, say, general dinosaur excavation somewhere?" "Well, the dinosaurs are found throughout the world, but this particular site is unique because it probably   it is one of the largest collections of bones worldwide." "And here are the remains   of, I would say, between 5,000 and 10,000 animals   every 20-40 feet in this tank." "These are large animals, and there are many of them." "Let's stop for a second." "Okay, then we have a duckbill dinosaur wandering   the Earth, and suddenly dies." "Does it become a fossil?" "Fossilization requires very special circumstances." "Normally we know that, for example, if a coyote dies in the desert, your body quickly disappears." "And yet these bones are perfectly preserved." "They have never been exposed to the weather." "They are all there." "Today it would be hard to imagine how you could get this." "To some extent we could really say   to find a fossil is rare." "Although we have many, many fossils   in terms of things that die," "It is uncommon to become fossils." "It's not Common." "It requires special circumstances, one of which is the rapid burial." "These animals had to be killed and then their bodies   needed time to decompose." "So we're talking about days or weeks or months   where the bones and tissues   or were eaten or decomposed   and then the bones were deposited instantly   in this environment because they are in a graded layer   down with big bones and small bones up." "And you can see this here." "Large bones are way down   and when they start to dig here," "They begin to find small bones." "So those conditions require a classification process   which can only take place during a catastrophic replacement." "So when we see dinosaur fossils, instead of seeing them from the perspective   that we have early dinosaurs, then dinosaurs means, then later dinosaurs, you watch them from the perspective   that all these dinosaurs existed," "all were living, and then there was a huge catastrophe   that led to an end." "Dinosaurs dinosaurs were already   when they first appeared." "They look like you'd think a dinosaur looks." "And this is a conundrum for those   who they believe in the evolution of dinosaurs." "But we hear a lot about transitional forms." "What is the real story here?" "Scientists have been able to expose some ways   they think they are transitional, and some of them are   very interesting and some even challenging, but they are the exception to the rule." "The rule is that no transitional fossils." "What we find in the fossil record   and contrary to the hopes of Darwin, this is the rule   it is that a way exists in the fossil record," "It remains basically unchanged   and disappears from the fossil record   without being changed." "That has to mean more than evolution   because we never see changes in a way   another way rocks as such." "So it comes from elsewhere." "It is a paradigm that has been imposed on the data   rather than data provide the paradigm." "So I think it's very easy for me to be a creationist   simply based on my understanding   the complexity of life forms." "And when we look at the fossil record, we can see that the complexity is there from the beginning   and this makes us wonder:" "Where did all this complexity?" "Una cosa es tener fe." "I have faith that God was the creator, but that is sustained by what I see around me." "Say I have faith that evolution produced this   when I can not even see how it could have happened, that's blind faith." "That is a leap in the dark." "It seemed that everywhere we looked was growing evidence   that fits with the historical record of Genesis." "It was not just one thing:" "There were many things pointing in the same direction." "When I was with Art, he told me about some recent discoveries   on the material inside the bones of dinosaurs, so I went to a lab in Arizona to talk to a scientist   he's doing some of that research." "This is a fragment Triceratops horn." "When we took him out of the earth, fragmented   and then obviously we had to keep fragmenting   for analysis." "In 2012, the Society of Creationist Research sponsored Mark Armitage   and me to go to Hell Creek formation in Montana, a place famous for finding dinosaur bones, and instead we dug up   a horn of nearly four feet in length of the eye socket of a Triceratops." "It is now shattered   so we can not really put it together and show a horn, but still you have to recognize that in pieces like this, we found tissue cells." "Oh, that's amazing." "And potentially proteins like collagen." "It is very difficult to understand how this material could have   still in a dinosaur fossil that was supposed to   65, 75, 80 million years old ... because the tissue, cells, proteins are degraded." "They are not concrete." "They do not exist for eons of time." "Decompose and, in fact, tend to break down very fast   depending on conditions, and certainly in Hell Creek conditions would be   heated, cooled, heated, cooled." "And any biochemist can tell you   this is the easiest way to destroy material." "It's hard enough to imagine that survive   4 or 5000 years" "But did 60 million years?" "¿70 million years?" "That really becomes very difficult to present   any kind of biochemical basis for how he could have survived." "Okay, then, once you find a show like this, what do you do next?" "What we do is dip the fossil material   in a solution called EDTA." "And then you'll have after dissolving the fossil   it is that the tissue remains   that the EDTA will not dissolve the fabric." "So we took this to   what we call a dissecting microscope." "This is essentially a dissolved Triceratops horn and increased   so you can see how it looks." "Just like small pieces of rock." "Well Kevin, what did you find when you were   watching the shows and find some tissue?" "Well, this is what we found." "This is really Triceratops tissue." "It is stretchable." "It is flexible." "There is an impression of dinosaur soft tissue." "It's really soft." "It is soft." "It is stretchable." "It is tissue." "So you really wonder, right?" "Absolutely." "And if you see a greater increase   then you can see, using scanning electron microscopy," "You can see the extreme detail of cells   in this picture and this picture   and in particular, look at this picture." "We not expect, nor would think even see   such a large and elaborate detail." "I mean that these structures are incredibly small." "This is our bar 20 microns   and look how small these structures are still intact." "It would take very little break them down." "So you expect the best of cases all that   it was broken and disappeared long ago." "This must have shaken   the scientific community." "What has been the response to this?" "The initial response when Dr. Schweitzer   he published his first work," "What was it that was very popular in 2005," "He generated much response." "So initially something of response was rejection." "Oh, it is contamination." "That's not really dinosaur." "It is bacteria, because bacteria can be   a little weird sometimes." "So there were many proposals for what could be." "And to his credit, Dr. Schweitzer did more research." "They started to find protein." "Pop them some of these cells, observe the matrix to which the cells are attached   and it is protein." "Okay, so once we understand this, what happens?" "That really shook everything I guess." "That becomes part of the controversy   because now clearly you face   how can you explain the survival of this ?" ", the complete survival of this not only for long, but not immaculate condition." "And so the controversy has been," ""How do you explain it?"." "And if you read some of the literature, there is almost desperation because they recognize   what could be the implications of this." "Now some people might say that this means nothing   because we know how old you are   and then it just seems that somehow survived." "It's not so bad." "But how do you know how old are they?" "You use these methods, assumptions dating methods." "Well, this is a dating method." "The fabric itself can not be ruled   as part of a dating method." "So, why they say this when they do not have an account?" "Well, it's because the paradigm takes you to your conclusions." "The paradigm is that it has to be old, so we choose the methods that give us an old fossil." "Something that does not give us an old fossil, such as weaving, we must reject it or explain it otherwise." "At least for me, and of course, I'm not a microbiologist, but I think most people would say   it seems reasonable to think   maybe they are not so old." "This clearly violates the dating process." "Reta whole dating process." "If dinosaur fossils have been dated incorrectly and I would say this is clear evidence that they have been, then it is very likely that fossils of any organism   han been incorrectly dated and then the same geological eras are incorrect." "What you're saying is that if you take the notion   a long period of time, you are drawing a great foundation of the conventional paradigm." "Absolutely." "In fact, time is the critical component of evolution." "If you're going to say a simple cellular system   it became a multicellular system, which then turned into fish, and then the fish jumped to Earth   and they grew legs and started breathing air," "and then that creature he grew feathers   and wings and he began to fly." "So if you give us time, we realize   all these massive changes in organisms, but we need time." "Everything seemed to return to the question of time." "I remembered that Andrew said Charles Darwin   he accepted the millions of years first, and then he adjusted his theory of evolution that assumption." "But why time is such an important element for evolution?" "Rob Carter is a marine biologist   so he took me to dive   to give a glimpse into a world that most people do not see." "His specialty is the coral   and he knew a lot about the amazing creatures   that inhabit the reefs around St. Thomas." "Oh man, we have sharks here." "Look how they move   and it's almost as effortless glide." "I wish I could swim well." "Engineers wanted we could do boats like that." "Submarines they could move as efficiently as a shark, but simply can not." "So from your perspective as a marine biologist, and I know you've studied a lot about the area of ​​genetics, when people talk about evolution, what is it?" "How do you define evolution?" "The word means change over time   but I believe in change over time, but I'm not an evolutionist." "So how do we solve it?" "In fact, evolution is a belief   that enough changes over time, through sufficient time," "They can lead to the common ancestor of all species on Earth." "So that's the part that rejection." "Of course species change." "I mean, look at these sharks here." "We have different species of sharks." "When God created, he put into these bodies   the ability to change, adapt, to respond dynamically to the environment." "But they are still sharks." "And when we look at the fossil record, they are still sharks." "People have heard the phrase the "missing link"" "and usually they think of the link between man and monkey." "No, no missing links   among almost all major groups of animals   and almost every other major groups of plants and animals   and bacteria through the entire fossil record," "It is indicating very strong so that these are   different creatures actually." "So we do not see a type or family becoming another species?" "No." "The theory of evolution requires small, random changes can explain everything we see, but can not." "Because they can not?" "Because life is so complex   that small changes can not explain it." "Just like you can not have an operating system of a computer   and watch it and say, oh right, this was built   one digit at a time over a long period of time." "No, it required an intelligent person to sit   and build it." "Well, I can guarantee you as someone who was in that world   that if anyone in the area of ​​computer science   said that if we change some things random   on this operating system will improve." "I mean, nobody would agree with that." "No, we will not get a shark evolve into a bird." "The number of changes and exchange rates   they are not something you can make one change at a time." "This is a sea urchin." "Luce thorny." "It is pointed." "You must be careful." "Will I stay stuck when you touch it?" "No, it is pointed but ..." "OMG!" "They are moving." "Yes, they are moving." "And among thorns are small tube feet, especially in the bottom." "Look at that move." "So he walks with their spines with these little tube feet here, and that's what you use to attach to things." "But looking carefully there is one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, in fact there are ten radials in this animal." "In fact, the starfish is his cousin." "Is seriously?" "You can not be serious." "Absolutely." "Starfish is an echinoderm   but note that has a pentaradial symmetry instead of 10 parts." "This starfish." "At the bottom, look, we see the thorns." "We see the tube feet." "His mouth in the middle here." "So there are similarities here?" "... though outwardly they look totally different." "Very different." "You want to see something that looks very different ..." "Clear." "... which it is also cousin of the starfish and sea urchins?" "It's okay." "Almost it looks like a rock." "Yes, yes, I must be careful." "He is dripping above." "This is a sea cucumber." "He has thorns." "He has tube feet." "You'd never know until you study enough   this is also an echinoderm." "Not very happy to be out of water   so let me put it back." "So they are all related but look   very, very different." "Related creation." "Not in an evolutionary sense, but our Creator took the edge of living beings, echinoderms, and he created this and this and this in a similar pattern." "And that's what we see throughout the realm of living things, similarities and differences." "So what makes them different?" "Well, genetically they share most of their genes, but their developmental genes, called Hox genes, which establish these patterns in animals as it develops." "They develop from a single cell." "In one they establish a pentarradial symmetry." "In another set ten fold symmetry." "And in another form this long thin animal." "Control embryo development   in these amazing ways." "So what you're saying when we look at this   from a genetic or molecular perspective, what we find   it is a really fascinating in this design." "Absolutely." "But what we heard in the conventional paradigm, conventional history tells us that these random changes   they have brought all this." "Insurance." "Back in the 18,005, when life was simple, when they did not know what was going on inside the cell, they did not know how complex the genetics," "You could imagine all sorts of things." "But now we know what happens in reality   behind the scenes, the story is much more complicated." "You see, I like to say that the genome is four-dimensional." "We have a dimensional chain called DNA." "And if you want to continue with that, you have to write all the letters of DNA, all three billion letters, and then you have to draw lines or arrows  from one place to another  because this part off this part," "this part interferes with this one, this part increases this one." "It is a huge network of interactions in two dimensions   and that's how you have a two-dimensional genome." "Let me pause for a second because it is   really amazing, think about this   because I think in terms of a computer program   which is pretty static." "The instructions are there." "But you're talking about a program   it is being reprogrammed himself." "It is modifying its own instructions." "Oh, and wait until you get to the fourth dimension, because there is a third dimension before." "The information in this first dimension, the linear chain," "It must be organized so   that when folded in three dimensions, still works." "Oh, that's amazing." "Genes that are used together   next to each other in three dimensional space." "Are you saying that once this is bent," "It is almost like having a new set of instructions?" "Yes, a new level of information that whoever   he programmed the first level needed to understand   what would happen to work on the third level." "You said there is another dimension." "Oh yes, the fourth dimension is time." "And how does that work?" "The genome changes shape as time passes." "Maybe you ate something that was bad for you   and your liver say, I can get rid of that toxin ..." "Now chromosomes in the liver will change shape, to expose a new protein gene, make copies of it, and build a new protein that can   remove this toxin and when no longer needed, they change shape and bend again." "dynamic programming, the three levels change   on the fourth level, time." "Rob, that goes far beyond anything we know   even in our most complex software systems   that almost goes beyond our imagination, think that someone could look at that   and say that everything happened by chance." "Yes, and that gives glory to God." "So is." "You can not build something like that one thing at a time." "You need to work in all its intertwined complexity   in four dimensions." "It's not something you can do   one letter at a time by natural selection." "I should have been there." "Yes, in the same way we talk about   the atmosphere here at the coral reef." "If you do not have all these pieces   the interlocking puzzle, you do not have this ecology." "The system would fall apart if you simply remove   a couple of very important factors that is there." "They have to be together or not happen." "So not only do we have this interdependence," "This mutualism, so to speak, at the genetic level, but we do even more complex saying   that same mutuality exists on a higher level as well." "Yes." "In fact, the whole world has mutualism." "It is impossible to think that all this could have happened   only by a series of slow processes   over thousands of millions of years." "That's exactly what I'm saying." "It is clear that the world in which we live is   incredibly interdependent, from the smallest biological system   to the largest ecosystem." "There are complex relationships and mutual everywhere." "I realized that the six-day creation makes more sense   from an engineering perspective." "You need everything to work together at the same time   so that everything works properly." "And that's exactly as Genesis says that God created it." "Rob also said that God created animals   with the ability to change and adapt to their environment." "Could it be that this ability to change   you have been confused with evolution?" "While Todd Wood and I were walking through the zoo, we saw incredible beauty and amazing design   wherever we looked." "I realized the great diversity among some animals   like the amazing similarity of others." "As a biologist, what do you see   when you look at all these creatures?" "Yes, when I see this, these lions specifically, I see cats." "And all the other cats have here at the zoo, all have a fundamental felinity in them   it is really apparent." "It is really apparent when you start playing, right?" "You see them playing with some sort of ball or anything and they are ..." "Just like a cat." "They look like a cat." "Scientists classify this in a family called Felidae." "And I understand that felines are   representatives of a single type / family created." "So continuity, there is similarity   so significant that I would say that all these animals have fallen   a single pair of creatures that were in the ark   and eventually generated   all different kinds of cats that we have today." "So instead of a random accident, it seems that all these species are   a really elaborate design." "Oh, absolutely." "And it's not just a design like God intended   and he created the lion." "It is that God created something that could make a lion." "So it's more like a multi-purpose tool or a Swiss Army knife where   you have all these pieces you can get   when you need it, but it's one thing." "Give me some other examples of types / families created." "Yes, then you have to grizzly and polar bear." "They are all members of the / family of bears." "You have ducks, swans and geese." "The thing with the type of dogs is really very interesting." "All this creature that looks like a wolf   and we can bring in a few hundred years   many different races." "Well, Todd, that's something fascinating, think about what God was doing   when He brought two of each type / family." "What do you think was going on there?" "Oh yeah." "He did not have to bring every little variety in the ark." "So when you do the math   and, okay, we do not know exactly how many   species created in the ark   but maybe a few thousand, and are small." "Most animals are quite small." "So you have plenty of room, plenty of room literally." "And all the diversity we have now   It is within these two of each type / family." "Well Todd, we're looking at the zebras   and all are unique and yet all these creatures, ... there is so much complexity and diversity." "How do you explain the standard story, the conventional paradigm?" "Well, they would use evolution, right?" "Millions of years, random variations, all things that are alive today, the cactus, the zebra   the grass is here, everything is related." "We all come from a common ancestor who lived   thousands of millions of years ago   and through the process of mutation and genetic variation   and natural selection, hence we get   all we have today." "Natural selection ..." "What's that?" "Does the kind of creative potential   we need to get all this?" "Natural selection is basically   to kill things that are not suitable for the environment." "So if you're a finch in the Galapagos   and you have a really small peak   and the only food you have available are   really large, hard seeds, you will die." "And that's exactly what we observe." "So we can see how they change the sizes of finch peaks   throughout the generations in the Galapagos." "But they're still finches." "Birds remain." "The notion that natural selection can generate   all the diversity we see, has not been demonstrated." "What we usually see with natural selection it is   that natural selection makes many subtle tunings." "Here we have these oryx, beautiful creatures and very, very pale colors." "Wild oryx extension is just at the southern end   Sahara Desert." "So you can see that their coloration makes sense." "If you were one of a very dark color   would be very easy for predators found him, so they end up being of these beautiful and light colors." "And that's an example of where the selection   take a change and become adaptation." "And that brings us back to the notion   of that design truly exquisite in the beginning ..." "Oh, I think so." "Absolutely." "It has provided these creatures the ability   to survive and change to their advantage." "Absolutely." "So the ability to change your color   this way, to fit into an environment," "That must be integrated into the system before you start." "Now, do not get me wrong, natural selection and random variation   They can do amazing things." "The changes we see are very surprising." "But we see a type changing to another type." "All we see are the changes that happened within a created kind." "So we have a tree félidos with all cats in it." "Canids tree with all the dogs on him." "There is a tree ursids with all the bears in it." "It is the tree of equines with all horses in it." "Each individual type created has its own individual tree," "So you end up with something like an orchard or forest." "As a scientist, I think what you're saying is   that the paradigm of Genesis responsive to all this data." "Ultimately I think it does because it embraces   both similarity and difference." "Now, as I said, there are many questions   they are still there   but I'm pretty sure, because what our paradigm can explain," "I am quite sure that these answers will be found." "After we left the zebras, we headed gorillas." "Todd wanted to talk about the question of human evolution." "Todd, we see it all the time, a new discovery, new skulls, new skeletons that supposedly solidify around here." "What you see there?" "Yeah, well, I have some here in my backpack." "Oh, a skull." "So this is a Neandertal." "A very low forehead, and we have very high foreheads." "The face, the middle of the face, is out   but at the same time, well, he looks very human." "So that's the Neandertal." "Would you help me hold it?" "Yes." "We have others who are very different." "This is Australopithecus africanus." "You can see that actually has nothing to front." "It is completely leans back." "A cranial capacity very, very, low, snout protrudes much   so the face is tilted forward." "What are you doing with this?" "I mean, there is much more that we could show, many more photographs, many skulls over and saw them all together you realize that   there are many differences between them." "Well, so it goes." "All kind of created we were talking," "I can show over and over again with a lot of research   I can find discontinuity between humans and nonhumans." "So this falls on the human side." "This Neandertal here is one of us." "This is not it." "Is different." "But this would be just one more of those varieties among living things   that God created in the beginning and that survived the flood in the ark." "So when we see the Neanderthals, we are seeing a human, but it is a human that as we see in dogs," "There are many varieties of dogs ..." "We have many varieties of people." "So even looking at the gorilla, we can see the obvious differences between him and us, and one of no small importance is that he is there   and we can go home when we finish." "So these differences are very big, right?" "Yes absolutely." "The image of God implies the idea of ​​being   God's representatives on Earth." "Part of this is to have dominion and authority, a spiritual quality that we   and we do not share with animals like this." "It is obvious that we are different from the rest of creation   because we were made in God's image." "We are the only ones who have created zoos   to contemplate the beauty of God's animals." "And we are unique in record time   and want to know our own history." "But where does our concept of time?" "It was a beautiful night." "Danny took me away, out of town, and I stayed up late to show   something I will never forget." "Oh wow, so now you do buy a telescope." "You know, we have some purposes that were given to the stars." "In Genesis 1: 14-19, the fourth day of creation, mentions that the stars and other bodies   celestial mark time, reign over night, to be a sign, seasons, festivals and others." "People have used the stars to mark the passage of time." "every night patterns are repeated." "They are repeated every year." "They returned in their season." "There is very regular here." "What about the design of the sun and moon?" "There are a couple of things I can say about it." "On rare occasions, the moon passes between us and the sun." "It does not happen very often, and when it happens   the moon barely covers the sun." "If the moon were a little smaller   or a bit further, it would fail to do so." "If larger or were closer to us, cover it completely." "So these eclipses are spectacular and unusual, and this is the only planet that matter, and is the only planet that happens." "And you have to think and that's the way the world works   for no apparent reason   or that the world is so for a purpose and design." "For me, this speaks of creation." "Okay, here on our heads, we have the great square of Pegasus." "It is this big box." "Leaving Pegaso is a blurred spot along there." "You see?" "That's the Andromeda galaxy." "It is the most distant object you can see with the naked eye." "It's a bit beyond, we think it is, a little more than two million light years away   and it contains a couple hundred thousand million stars." "Danny Okay, that brings me to a big question   a big question in the minds of many people." "If we have stars that are so far away, million light years away, and if the Earth is as young as we   then how can the starlight can be here?" "Yes." "We call this the problem of travel time of light   and I will try to raise it in a slightly different way." "We believe that creation has only thousands of years old, say 6,000 or 7,000 years something." "And I just get noticed something   we think it is 2 million years away." "I think those distances are reasonably accurate   and creationists need to answer this question   and we have offered several different solutions to it." "I will discuss with you my solution to this." "Several things catch my eye in the narrative of creation." "One, many processes were happening, very fast processes, but still processes." "If you look at the third day of narrative, talks about Earth sprouting plants." "He says that the earth produces these plants and the Earth produced." "I think if you had been there," "It would have looked like a film in fast motion." "Growth that would normally take decades, taking place in a matter of minutes and hours at most." "normal growth of abnormally fast." "I think you can play on day one of creation   in terms of another day." "So I turn to the story of the fourth day." "There is not much information is given   but I believe God made the stars also quickly   and other astronomical bodies and then to   they could fulfill their role of being seen," "He quickly had to bring that light." "Just as He brought plants and matured quickly," "He had to bring light here." "I am suggesting that these objects really look   as the Andromeda galaxy we saw a few minutes ago," "We are looking at the light that actually came out of that object." "So I think that rapid maturation took place." "Danny, are there any other things you see   you indicate a young universe?" "I think so." "For example, spiral galaxies, Andromeda Galaxy which   we talked about, is a spiral galaxy." "Ours is too." "And inside galaxies should rotate faster   that the outside of the galaxy." "So after a few rotations finish   undoing those spiral patterns." "They must disappear after a few rotations." "Now, most astronomers think that spiral galaxies have   10 billion years old," "So why do we see spiral patterns yet?" "we should not see them, and it has long recognized this problem." "But if we see the outer planets of the solar system, gas giants, all have rings." "And we also know that they are changing." "It's extinguish." "They have documented changes that have happened within the ring system." "You have all these gravitational pulls   other orbiting satellites." "So these ring systems are quite young." "This does not prove that the solar system is young   but it proves that the ring systems are young   and that's interesting." "Well, you mentioned many theories   on spirals and others," "And that brings us to what most people see   as the great theory of cosmology and the universe, the Big Bang." "How do you see this?" "Are you survive the passage of time?" "I do not think so." "I think he's having a lot of problems to the point that   more than twelve years ago   I think it was in New Scientist Magazine that there was   an open letter protesting the Big Bang theory   and since then has hundreds of signatures." "And most people who signed were atheistic, they are not even creationists." "So this idea that the Big Bang model   is universally accepted is not true." "There are many people out there, acquaintances, physical and very famous astronomers   they have real problems with the Big Bang." "And I find no way you can reconcile   the Big Bang to the Bible, although many people seem to think you can do it." "I think the temptation is to try to have   interpret Scripture in terms   the current cosmological thinking." "Thats nothing new." "That has happened before, and has had disastrous results." "So I think when you see the history of science, the way we have discarded theories over time," "We've had theories that were supposedly beyond any discussion   and then they were discarded." "When you see that lesson of history   and then you want to join Genesis, you want to interpret Genesis in terms of the most popular paradigm," "I think you should be very careful." "I realized that Danny was refocusing our perspective." "We need to interpret the Universe   in terms of Genesis, not the reverse." "And Genesis tells us that God created the sun, moon, and stars   to be a magnificent clock that records the passage of time." "Even the ancient towers built to follow the stars." "But what Genesis tells us about these people   and the languages ​​they spoke?" "Doug took me one of the best archaeological museums   in the world to show some of the unique artifacts   that they relate to Genesis." "Bible events unfold   in the ancient Near East." "So all these lands are extremely important   to understand how and what took place in the biblical text." "So this continues the events we have been seeing   Genesis of Creation and the Flood   and we are now in the dispersion of mankind   arising from Noah and his family." "Exactly." "And the dispersion would have happened   somewhere in the mountains northwest of Mesopotamia   and what we see in the narrative of the biblical text   it is that a number of people have migrated to southern Mesopotamia," "to the land of Shinar, and they set out to urbanize, to live in cities." "And that's the famous Tower of Babel." "Absolutely." "Do we know where is this place?" "There are about seven or eight Babels, cities of Babel, in ancient Mesopotamia areas." "So I studied each of these areas   and I have found only one that meets all the criteria   the famous monument of the Tower of Babel and Eridu, which is in southeastern Mesopotamia." "We signals expansion north, south, east, west, all the way to Egypt." "And when you say evidence, does that refers to artifacts   we found in archaeological excavations?" "Exactly." "There is a huge amount of material culture   very specific that attest to this expansion of people   I'm connecting with the dispersion after Babel." "Here are the bowls bevelled edges, these two," "Riemchen brick that we see up there   and those two jars with nozzle." "All these diagnostic forms of ceramics and material culture," "They are found throughout the Middle East." "The Bible describes an event that is not only the confusion of language   but the scattering of people away from the city, because we see the language or the written language expression   appear out of nowhere and then different languages ​​  being represented by cuneiform   or through hieroglyphic writings or other means." "So you do not have a universal plan that is followed in all languages." "You can see a great diversity in the form of grammar   from language to language even among ancient languages." "It seems then that the event recorded in Genesis   about the Tower of Babel," "It is a very, very critical for archeology event." "It is." "And all this fits perfectly with what we would   as the Bible record of how languages ​​emerged." "It really is the only way to explain this." "So the integrity of biblical history is justified definitively   the expression of these languages." "Currently most of us think of a tower like the kind of thing   we see in big cities with big walls and straight." "It is that what they were building?" "Well, essentially it was a variation of the pyramid, and he had four sides and several stairs to reach the top." "In Eridu we have a temple that existed in 18 different stages   and at each stage it grew in size and complexity." "And that final temple, the last phase of the temple," "It was abandoned immediately right at the time   Late in the expansion of Uruk." "Corner against the temple was a completely huge platform." "Do you think these could have been the foundation   of the Tower of Babel?" "Absolutely." "And I would suggest that this late Uruk expansion   which began this technology was something   that spread to people." "We find ways of these ziggurats around the world." "We find them in China." "We find them in India." "We are found in various parts of America." "We find them everywhere." "Well, obviously here we have evidence of civilization   and people began to join in communities, including cities." "Do we have more evidence of that?" "Yes of course." "We can anticipate the time of Abraham because we know   that Abraham lived in Ur," "I was also south of Mesopotamia   at the end of the third millennium BC." "That brings us to the end of Genesis chapter 11." "Exactly." "In fact, we can see ceramics and some cuneiform tablets   all dating from the period of the Third Dynasty of Ur." "It is amazing to think about this   while we're sitting here, thinking of Abraham   and this represents the culture   and civilization in which he lived." "It is a great link to that record in Genesis." "It is fascinating and gives you the feeling   put your hands around the events happening   in the biblical text." "When I looked through the history," "I realized that each of these cultures had been   impacted by the events recorded in Genesis." "But what is the importance of Genesis to us today?" "George Grant wanted to meet   in a garden near his home." "He said it was a good reminder of where our history began." "So there is something important   about the text in Genesis in which Adam and Eve   were placed in a garden to look after him." "That's more than a simple story." "It is much more than a simple story." "One of the things you see in Genesis chapter 1 is   the structure for time." "The universe was created for a 24-hour day." "So everything from our sleep cycles   and how our work cycle work, all come from   the definitive historical record." "When we come to Genesis chapter 2, we begin to see the meaning and purpose of man." "Of course, in Genesis chapter 3 we see the corruption of all by the fall." "And the implications of a historical fall, a real man and a real woman, really they fell in real sin had   implications for the rest of the Bible." "If you remove the literal Adam and Eve," "That changes the whole shape of what the story is   and how history is remembered." "Is that because when we get   Adam and Eve from the historical record, then we can basically invent   what we think about man, marriage, and even sexuality?" "Completely." "The apóstol Pablo understood the events   of the first chapters of Genesis as training, not only for our understanding of history, but also the relations between men and women and their children, the character and nature of marriage," "right and wrong in moral relations, including sexuality." "All this assumes of those early chapters in Genesis, often quoting passages word for word." "It seems that even Pedro takes that event the Flood   such as a historic event   and putting it in the context of which   it is pointing to a coming judgment." "So even the trial is a part of understanding   the historical record." "You can cut out parts of the story   and lose sight of the meaning of it all." "I think most Christians, when we talk about   for example, the life of Christ, these are understood as historical records." "Why, when we look at the record in Genesis, we have a tendency not to want to do that?" "We tend to do so because   he constantly exhorts us not see it that way." "Why culture around us?" "The culture around us, by theologians, modern theologians who are trying in some way, in their minds, fit the truths of Scripture   with the supposed discoveries of science, so if you know anything about the history of science   you know it's incredibly unreliable way." "So we are constantly being bombarded with this message   that we need to adjust our view." "But I think there are many Christians who have a   idea that the historicity of Genesis does not   it's so important for Christianity." "I think with that we have been ripped off." "Somehow when you put those chapters   in a completely different and not historical category," "What are you doing the rest of the Bible   it assumes that the Bible is true, the Bible treats it as historical truth, the Bible refers to all characters who were there?" "Does that then negates the whole Bible?" "Well, yes, and that was exactly the strategy   High criticism in the 18th and 19th century." "They knew that if somehow you could attack   the first three or first eleven chapters of Genesis   you're done with everything." "Well, George, all this brings us back   the notion that history is recorded in Genesis   or any real story is really critical for us   in terms of understanding what is happening around us." "Yes." "In fact, it reminds us how important it is history   to anchor all other human disciplines." "It is the story that helps us to inform science for science   you can start your journey of discovery in the world." "So what the story is to tell us what happened." "And then what science tries to do is   ask the question, how did it happen?" "..." "And then begins to explore how, mechanics, the structures that were present at these events." "If you try to reverse that, if you try to make science   tell what really happened, then you end up   with a worldview that is constantly changing   where nothing is certain, and moral relativism will inevitably be the consequence." "And God has given us that foundation." "He has given us that foundation in the historical record." "He has given us in the historical record that comes   to Genesis chapter 1 in the garden." "Ultimately, I guess we always go back to our home." "And for me, my home is Colorado." "I always think more clearly   when I'm out on the beauty of God's creation." "I have been to many places and seen many things, but considering everything together, it is clear that nothing in the world makes sense   except in the light of Genesis." "I love being in the mountains, especially in mountains how are you." "Nos ayudan a tener una buena perspectiva, nos ayudan a darnos cuenta de que somos pequeños, finitos, y vulnerables." "Nos hacen humildes." "Y necesitamos ser humildes porque tenemos una tendencia a basar nuestras ideas en nuestro pequeño conjunto de experiencias." "Esa es la razón por la que la sabiduría de las edades nos dice una y otra vez que conozcamos la historia." "Todo lo que hemos hecho hasta este punto ha mirado a la evidencia que nos muestra que la Palabra de Dios, la historia que ha sido expuesta a nosotros en Génesis, es verdadera." "Dios creó el mundo en seis días." "Adán y Eva existieron realmente." "Hubo realmente una Caída." "Realmente hubo un Diluvio que destruyó el mundo y produjo todo esto." "Es glorioso, pero representa el juicio de Dios." "Todo respalda lo que Dios nos ha dicho." "Génesis es historia." "Una historia verdadera."