"gentle instrumental music]" "suspenseful orchestral music]" "Danson:" "The Exuma Cays Land and Sea Park in the Bahamas is one of the oldest marine-protected areas a man-made sanctuary in the sea. from the smallest to the largest creature in the food chain because they are protected from the most efficient predator our oceans have ever known." "suspenseful orchestral music]" "where do you-- cast it-- cast a fly straight out." "what's that?" " Probably a bass." "hey!" "Look." "there's fish here." "l was a hunter of fish." "My first salmon... also the largest I ever caught..." "Here we come." "23 pounds." "I was chuffed to bits to catch that." "Whew." "Huge fin." "I have never been more proud of myself." "It was the last that anybody caught on that beach for years and years." "I don't think anybody's caught one as big as that since. because it was one of the last of a spring run that now no longer happens." "why were fewer of them coming back? but I thought I'd better find out." "And that's really what set me off on this journey to find out what was happening to fish in the sea." "phone beeping]" "Charles Clover." "I've got some queries." " Sir?" " What is the tuna that you serve?" "and how is it caught?" "what changed my view of the sea was when I walked into the wrong press conference in the Hague in 10." "And this was the first presentation I'd ever seen about the effect of trawling upon the sea bed and upon those creatures that lived on it." "And what they said was that trawling with a beam trawler was like plowing a field seven times a year." "And I'm a farmer's son. "How many crops would grow if you plowed that field seven times a year?"" ""Not very much at all."" "And that changed my whole view of what was going on in the sea." "Danson:" "Our view of the sea has always been and inexhaustible." "The oceans are the common heritage of all mankind. they have been full of life." "these-- that our whole human history has led us up to now to believe that are renewable are not renewable anymore because of what we're doing to them." "And so our entire philosophical approach has to change." "It's not gonna be the same in the future as it was in the past." "That's where we are now." "upbeat music] upbeat music]" " singing] We are going back on a different path." "We've finished all our duties." " Row with all your might." " lt'll be tonight." "and they're beauties." "and what a crunch." "not fable." "golden crisp every time." " Come to the captain's table." "Danson:" "We never used to think about where our fish came from." "they're wild animals." "And we found that out to our cost for the first time in Newfoundland." "the waters in northern Canada teemed with unbelievable amounts of codfish." "Legend had it that you could walk across their backs on the water." "The cod was so plentiful that communities thrived on fishing." "technology improved." "and catches increased." "The bounty seemed endless. the unthinkable happened." "all yelling at once] angry fishermen vented their rage." "They charged the room but security would not let them in." "Danson:" "What had once been the most abundant cod population in the world had been fished out of existence. there will be a moratorium on harvesting of northern cod until the spring of 14. and an ecological catastrophe on our hands. we're going fishing." "000 people lost theirjobs. is that this is a species that has been fished for centuries and centuries. to Canada." "It was because of cod." "Danson:" "The fishing ban brought the people to the streets." "the cod would return. didn't dawn on anybody till much later." " Today there are so few left and the cod populations have not rebounded despite a moratorium on cod fishing since 12." "this research vessel to find out how many cod were left in the waters off eastern Canada." "they caught one small codfish;" "a small basketful." "The cod stocks had been depleted to such a low level that they were unable to recover." "for a community for which ingrained element." "permeates society." "And the loss of the fish was basically akin to sort of a loss of soul." "And it still remains that 15 years later. a new breed of fishery scientist started to investigate what had been happening to all the fish in every ocean of the world." "Local catches of fish had been declining almost everywhere." "But what puzzled the scientists in 2001 was that the total world catch kept going up and up." "It didn't make sense." " The concerns that people had expressed that local stocks were going down everywhere that this was a discrepancy. was asked by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization to investigate this mystery." " Daniel Pauly had the brilliance in the face of the evidence that you saw in front of you locally that the figures kept going up." "Danson:" "It was when Pauly and his colleagues looked at the reported catches from China that they found their answer. except for Chinese waters." " When Daniel Pauly came to this department" """ ""What do you mean they're wrong?"" "it can't be that China's catching that much."" "when you looked at the biological productivity of the sea the Chinese figures could not be right." "They werejust made up." "They were made up by Communist officials who only got preferment if the graphs went up." "Graphs kept going up because they kept making up the figures." "And it was a huge seismic moment. the world catch would not be increasing but decreasing. the future of the food the world gets from the sea was in doubt." " lt sent a shiver down my spine because that was the one thing that a lot of people were holding on to. it can't be that bad." it was on the way down." "And we only figured that out in 2002. and they were telling a story in aspects." " This is a story that was going on at the same time as human influences elsewhere." "But it's been told late." "It's been told-- we haven't had so much time to do something about it." "And now it's on us." "it's crisis." "It's crash." "It's "do something about it" time." "And that's why this is arguably one of the biggest problems in the world." "Danson:" "Man has been hunting fish in the sea since he discovered they were there. these men and their forefathers have expected giant bluefin tuna to migrate from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea. an ancient method of fishing known as the Almadraba." "men cheering]" "The Almadraba fishermen once used to catch thousands of bluefin. their catches have declined by 80%." " speaking Spanish] scientist Boris Worm had been trying to work out how many tuna and other large fish were left in the sea. and they move. especially when you want to assess the whole thing." "We asked that very simple question:" "where are we now relative to a baseline because large-scale industrious fishing started around 150? around 1 fish per 100 hooks. 10 or more fish per 100 hooks." "fishing line whirring]" "Danson:" "Worm used Japanese fishing fleet data that had recorded how many fish were caught on every 100 hooks they set." " This is the first time industrial long-line fisheries went out into the open ocean and just worked through the whole ecosystem." "And you see that the fishery has reached a truly global coverage. meaning that abundance of these large fish globally has probably declined by about 0%. attack these findings." " Totally wrong." "That's--there's just no question that's totally wrong." "Danson:" "Some fishery scientists felt that Worm's findings didn't reflect their local situation." "Some thought that even attempting to count how many large fish were left in all the oceans was an impossible task. they don't look carefully enough at local places." " They actually disagree with one thing: "lt's only 70%." "It's not 0%."" " Whether it's 0 or 5 or 80 or 70 is rather irrelevant." "We all know they've declined dramatically." "So focusing on the particulars in that sense is not helpful." "Danson:" "The overall trends in Worm's findings were reflected in official data." "Species after species had collapsed." " Everybody recognizes that there's major problems in the world's fisheries. of how bad is it? high-tech industrial vessels are hunting down every known edible species of fish." " The basic problem in most fisheries that are in trouble is too many boats." " Too much capacity chasing too few fish." "Danson:" "Global fishing capacity could catch the world catch four times over." "The world's long-lining industry sets 1 .4 billion hooks every year." "These are estimated to be set on enough line to encircle the globe more than 550 times." "The mouth of the largest trawling net in the world is big enough to accommodate thirteen 747 s." "right?" "And we are throwing at them our industry." "And we are winning." "And that's how we perceive our interaction with them." "It's a fight." "we're too good right now." "not a single hunted animal on this earth has a chance." " These vessels are equipped with so much electronic equipment that the fish have absolutely no chance of escaping." "The skipper knows exactly where he is in relationship to a wreck where fish will be attracted to." " lt doesn't take very long for us to have very serious consequences in what we're doing." "We're not willing-- we keep pressing the button." "We're not willing to hold back." " The might of the fishing armory has grown exponentially in the last 50 years." "The amount of fishing power that we have at our command today far outweighs our ability to control ourselves." "Fishing has transformed entire ecosystems." "I would say one of the largest scale transformation of the planetary environment things like corals and sea fans and sponges." "The signs of destruction brought up on deck by the trawl would make an angel weep. catch most of it." "Danson:" "The bluefin is one of the most iconic fish in the sea." "Its beautiful hydrodynamic shape and specially heated blood allow it to accelerate faster than a super car." "its delicious flesh is the most expensive and sought after on the planet." "The bluefin once sustained Roman legions in battle." "Now it feeds fashion-conscious diners in sushi restaurants around the world." " Bluefin is the front line." "Bluefin is the most immediate crisis that we know about. scientists have been predicting that the king of the tuna but now it is actually happening." "Roberto Mielgo is a bluefin tuna fisherman who has turned whistleblower on an industry he believes is out of control." "Mielgo is hunting for information to bring the slaughter to a halt." " lt's bluefin." "I can actually tell from here it's bluefin." "I started in this business as a tuna farm diver." "That was many years ago." "l would say. really big business." "I think it was." "And that's when I first sensed that something terribly wrong was happening." "The conflict was that I started something I could not control." "I took the decision to try and do the right thing." "camera clicks]" "That is a bluefin unloading. with 28 tons each. which is more than what Taiwan would normally declare as catches at the end of the fishing season." "So there you go." "I mean..." " One boat?" " Just one boat." "What's at stake here is an infamous minority of people making millions and millions and millions by decimating a specie." "is that right?" "is that moral?" "European Union ministers meet to decide the fate of the fish and the industry which depends on it." "Fishing is supposed to be controlled the amount fishermen are allowed to catch." "These are recommended by scientists." " What will happen this afternoon and what it will mean for the bluefin tuna?" "what will happen is that fisheries ministers of the EU will take a decision that goes against any rational scientific advice for the conservation of bluefin." "Danson:" "Bluefin scientists are recommending a catch 000 tons simply to avoid collapse. 000 tons. twice what it should be to keep the population from crashing and three times what it should be to let the fish recover." " l just can't accept that." "This is a political quota." "It's... it's negotiating with biology." "And you just can't do that and expect to see the biology survive." " This is a species which is as endangered and yet it's being hunted to extinction in the Mediterranean." "It's being exploited and those countries that have overfished it so not a day in which the European Union has covered itself in glory." "Danson:" "Bluefin tuna is not the only fish whose stocks have declined dramatically." "And most of the others have declined while under the supervision of the scientists and politicians in the richest nations of the world. we'd be having collapsing buildings and bridges all over the place because the calculations are so far out." "And so it's not a question of if fish stocks will collapse when you make decisions like that." "It's a question simply of when." "Collapse is inevitable." "Collapse is inevitable." "cannon fires]" "indistinct radio chatter]" " This is the center of the bluefin tuna universe." "Malta is there." "Danson:" "Roberto Mielgo has come to Malta to investigate whether the tuna industry is catching more than the quota allows." "Charles." "How are you doing?" " How are you getting on?" "busy." " Have you found a lot?" "yes." "Danson:" "Despite the scientists 000 tons official figures show that the Mediterranean bluefin tuna industry simply ignores the regulations 1/3 of the entire bluefin tuna population." "Mielgo discovers that some fishermen will stop at nothing to get hold of this sought-after commodity." " l flew to Lampedusa the other day." "l came across some interesting documents." " ls there anything to link them to fishing activity? an activity that has been outlawed during this part of the season for the last ten years." "indistinct radio chatter in Italian] these planes were operated and outside Libyan waters." "This is a disgrace." "The Italian government isn't doing a thing." "Nobody is enforcing the rule of law." "This is a disgrace for the European Union." "Danson:" "The breaking of the rules by fishermen is one of the biggest problems facing the world's oceans." "and unreported fishing is worth up to $25 billion a year." " Fishermen cheat because they can." "Fishermen cheat because they don't get caught." "That's true of all systems." "Danson:" "A study for the House of Lords in the United Kingdom reported that 50% of the cod caught in the North Sea was illegal. stolen from you." "bell tolling] where last-ditch attempts are being made to save the majestic bluefin." " shouting in Japanese]" "Danson:" "The biggest company in the tuna business makers of cars and electrical products." "They don't actually catch the fish." "They just buy it." " l would think that Mitsubishi Corporation itself would be in control of something like 60% in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean." "Danson:" "Mielgo is here to attend a meeting of the lnternational Committee which has been called in a desperate attempt to persuade the industry to stick to internationally agreed quotas." " Roberto speaking here in Tokyo." " How are you getting on?" " Well..." "Charles." "Danson:" "Mielgo had discovered that Mitsubishi larger boats to bring back bluefin." " They have pumped up their freezing and transportation capacity." "Danson:" "Mitsubishi claim to control less than 40% of the bluefin import market and say the new boats were sent to replace old vessels." "But Mielgo believes that Mitsubishi and other traders which will be worth much more if fish stocks are depleted. you name the price." "Danson:" "Mitsubishi say they try to provide the Japanese market with stable supplies while supporting policies to ensure long-term sustainability of the stock." "But Mielgo fears that the result will still be the extinction of the species." " The immediate conclusion one has to come up to is that these guys want to fish until the very last bluefin tuna. they will go on to bigeye tuna. they will go for another tuna specie." "Danson:" "Mitsubishi insists they want to preserve the tuna for future generations and they support cuts in the bluefin quota." "The fate of bluefin and consumer demand can do to a wild species. is happening all over the world." " speaking foreign language]" "Danson:" "Hundreds of millions of people in the world depend on fish to keep them alive. it is a key part of their diet. the stocks of fish have declined massively in the last 50 years." "Rashid Sumaila is an expert on West African fisheries who has come to Senegal to find out what effect this has had on local people." " Fish is crucial in West Africa." "the coastal people depend on fish." "And even the interior people and so on." "So it is very important to keep this going the coast of West Africa will be littered with problems." "We cannot afford to let this go." "Danson:" "Adama Mbergaul is an artisanal fisherman the capital of Senegal." "Fishing is his livelihood." " speaking foreign language]" "Danson:" "Today Adama earns $6 from his fishing." "His fuel costs him $4." "What is left has to feed his family." " speaking foreign language] money is being made." "The governments of many developing countries trade fishing rights for quick cash from developed nations." "Taxpayers from the Western world to fish the distant waters." "The locals in their pirogues don't stand a chance." " That's no good for the fishermen." " That's no good for the fishermen." "That's no good for our sea." "That's good just for European fishermen and governments of Senegal because it have a lot of money." "Danson:" "Haidar has dived the waters off Senegal for the last 35 years and has witnessed huge changes to the health of the local ocean." "He is campaigning against foreign boats fishing in his waters." "I want to fight with this guy." "I want to fight with this-- and this here boat." "I want to fight with the government who take just money and don't know what they do. because the world's going to be dead." "It's not possible." "Danson:" "Fishing is one of the most wasteful practices on Earth. goes back over the side dead. and dolphins." " See how he do to destroy the ocean?" "He takejust what he want." "He take just what he need to sell now." "he don't need to sell that. and he killed them." "Look all around you. fishermen like Adama have been left with an impossible decision." "Should he leave his family and risk the dangerous journey to Europe?" " singing in foreign language]" "the people are made poorer." "And what happens?" "They try to emigrate. but they don't like the people." "but the people are turned back." " singing in foreign language]" " l think that man is not going to change because man is crazy." "We are crazy." "Our world is crazy world." " giggles] diners are buying live fish in greater quantities than ever before." "These are being taken from the most beautiful parts the Coral Triangle." "The Coral Triangle is an area of ocean half the size of the United States in the seas of southern Asia." "Coral reefs were targeted as a food supply when local waters ran out." "The most desirable fish colorful predators." "Our insatiable appetite for such delicacies threatens to tip the fragile balance of nature into chaos." " We don't know what the implications are of losing some of these very-- one particular component of the ecosystem. there have been problems there's usually problems." "there's usually problems. there is a terrifying clue of what can happen when you disturb the ocean's natural equilibrium." " We've got a big surprise for you." "We've got a Chesapeake ray." "baby." "boy!" "I'll bring it to you." "Look out at this." "It's coming to you now." "Look out." "I'm bringing 'em to you now." " Most people don't use it as a food 'cause it's a little difficult to get to. there have been increasing reports of a plague of biblical proportions. has exploded in numbers." "Local scientist Pete Peterson was investigating the increase in the cow-nosed ray population when he noticed that the graph of their growth was the exact opposite of the graph of the decline the shark." " Even a number of quality scientists icing on the cake when you do your science. as you look at a plot of how the numbers of sharks and smaller sharks you don't need a statistic at all." "ltjumps right off the page at you. we have large ecosystem effects that can cause all sorts of domino effects unforeseen effects." "Danson:" "There's evidence of this knock-on effect happening all over the world." "lobster numbers are exploding. what we have seen is an increase in the abundance of other things. but there's now evidently quite a bit more." "So it seems fairly reasonable to conclude that the decline of cod and other predatory fishes has basically paved the way for an increase in the abundance of those things that cod used to eat." "Danson:" "Fishermen have eagerly fed off the bonanza. but how long will it last?" " This is the situation that happens the large fish." "what has exploded is the shrimp." "Shrimp have exploded." "good money." "what then?" " The end point is when the prawns have gone." "We really will be down to a highly simplified ecosystem of mud and worms." "Danson:" "Jellyfish infestations are increasing." "Beaches are becoming no-go zones. and worms. jellyfish burgers." "The options are endless." " We're losing species." "What does that mean for us?" "What does that mean for society?" "What does it mean for the predictability which is 70% of the planet? some of those services are eroding." "There's less food. and there's declining stability of the system." "What alarmed me the most was that the ability of the system to deal with overfishing was diminishing." "It could be a road of no return. the number of fish species whose populations have crashed is growing year by year." "Worm and the other scientists have projected the stocks of fish which we now eat will have collapsed by the middle of the century. but they were both dropping. about 1/3 of them were in what we call a collapsed state. very clear trend more of these species were in that collapsed category." " They started very high." "They kept dropping and dropping and dropping and dropping. they're dropping." "'When are they gonna hit zero?" "'When are they gonna drop down to the point 'where the fisheries that we're used to are no longer gonna be possible?" and they hit zero about 2048." " This is not some horror scenario." "It's a real possibility. it's a finite resource." "There will be a point in the future where we will run out if we don't change the way we treat this global resource." "Danson:" "Worm and the others were criticized by their opponents for naming a precise date." "But this was not the point they were making." " Whoever makes an extrapolation makes it always assuming that things remain the same. this prediction that we will have no fish are essentially correct." " When the human population when we start running out of enough food we have just squandered one of the greatest resources wild fish." "That's what it means." "somber violin music] somber violin music] men have hunted the world's oceans." "we have eaten fish." "What can our generation do to stop us reaching the end of the line? eating fish than meat." "I can eat fish four times a day." "My son doesn't like fish." "I want chicken."" ""Fish is good for the body."" ""No."" "I love fish 100 and--102%." "I love to eat fish." "laughs]" "So fish are..." "Fish are food to me. "Where are all the fish?" "0% of the fish gone." "Where are they?"" "we have eaten them." "That's what we have." "We have eaten them. what do we know about that fish?" "We know it's good for us. which are good for all our organ functions." "But what else do we know about it?" "What do we know about it?" "Do we know what species it is even?" "Do we know whether it was caught legally or illegally or in the waters of some distant country where the inhabitants would actually prefer to have caught it themselves?" "Ingrid." "It's Charles Clover from the Daily Telegraph." "I noticed that marlin was on the menu." "This is kind of an unusual fish to find on the menu. 'cause I thought there wasn't an awful lot of marlin left." "the bluefin tuna and the Chilean sea bass are listed as endangered species." "I wanted to talk to someone who would know I wanted to talk to someone who would know about the sourcing policy for fish at Nobu restaurants." "Can we send them an email?" "we can't." "Danson:" "British journalist Charles Clover has been trying to find out what has sold in some of the most exclusive restaurants of the world." "Nobu agreed to talk." " Hello?" "Mr. Clover." "How are you?" "Mr. Notar." "How are you?" " l feel like I know you." " laughs]" "You've got a fish that has actively been described as endangered since 16." "And you're serving it in your restaurants." " Not only are we going to describe what it is on the menu. "lt is an endangered" """ "just so people know." "That's the first immediate step that we can do." "Then we also-  lt's a sort of hard sell." ""Here's some endangered species."" "do you think?" "you're boxing me into a corner." ""You're not being informative."" "people have to make decisions on their own. "This will kill you."" " The question people will want to know is why you just don't take it off the menu now." "cheetahs be... be walking away." "There'd be huge scandals." "There'd be tabloid stories about it." "People would be execrated." "People--there would be turds on people's doorsteps and in envelopes being shoved through them. scratching their cars." "And yet we're doing it to things in the sea." "And we're doing the same thing. flashy." "dead simple." "So I've got some beautiful bluefin tuna." "Danson:" "Now that these kind of popular television programs is it too late to save the world's oceans? or are you hopeful?"" ""l'm absolutely hopeful."" ""What makes you think that?"" "two things." "now we have a much better understanding" ""than even five years ago of what's going on." ""And there's a track record of when we understood changes" ""and they became public knowledge. more recently." "and people made changes."" " l think that there's a message of hope because there's still time for us to turn the course of history. there's still time to save them." "helicopter blades whirring]" "Danson:" "Alaska is on the front line in the battle to conserve fish. not to the oil and gas industries." "It's ours." "So why don't we claim it back?" "indistinct radio chatter] which it strictly enforces. coordinates are gonna be 56... and they're claiming another. and you have to find mechanisms to get some boats to leave to match your fleet size to the capacity of the resource. and managers can monitor how much is being caught" "and react accordingly." "Fishing policy here is determined by the science." "Catch limits are set well below the level that fish populations can withstand. the North Sea or-- is that the average exploitation rate on stocks in Alaska is on the order of 10% a year." "it's 50%." "Danson:" "One way in which Alaska controls the catch is by giving the fishermen a limited amount of time to fulfill their quota." "flare whooshes] flare!" "frenetic orchestral music] sometimes there's a personal sacrifice. you got to take a cut in the harvest." "But you take that knowing that it gives you an opportunity to maybe have a better season five years from now." "We just don't want to catch that fish this year or next year." "20 years from now. we have the power to bring about a positive change at sea and whether it is endangered. some of which is trying incredibly hard to get it right. because people are not recognizing the difference" "between what they're doing or the guys who are just rampantly raping the seas are doing." "I think we have to support that part of the fishing industry. there are guides to identifying which fish is better to eat." "Then there are labels which certify its sustainability. the MSC. actually has a direct effect on marine diversity. only a small proportion of the fish we buy comes from a sustainable source." "things are slowly changing. has plans to sell only MSC fresh and frozen fish by 2011 ." " We sell approximately 20 million pounds of fresh fish a year." "We had to do something that would protect us as we grow and as we need more and more product into the future." "And that's where the MSC really shone out to us as a leading way that we can really embrace and grow our business. now buys over 2/3 of their fish from sustainable sources." "And fast food outlet McDonald's say that over 0% of their fish comes from a sustainable source." " Knowledge is power." "And what knowledge gives you is the opportunity to change the way you behave." "Danson:" "More and more fish are now being farmed." "Danson:" "More and more fish are now being farmed." "Many people see this as an answer to the increasingly desperate problem facing our oceans." "But fish farming is not all that it seems. but it kills more than it produces." "All of these anchovies will be ground up for fish meal to feed fish and other animals around the world." " Of the 100 million tons 40% go and get ground into fish meal to feed other fish and not to feed people so that some rich people somewhere in the world can eat salmon and can eat shrimp. the less fish we have." "This is one of the paradoxes that people have big-- have problems understanding." " Aquaculture for species that eat fish doesn't have that much room to grow because there just aren't that many fish out there in the ocean to feed them anymore." " You actually convert fish from one species into the other. at least not when you have farmed fish." "five kilos of anchovy make only one kilo of salmon." " We've reached the buffers." "We have reached the limits of what the ocean is capable of providing to feed the fish farming industry." "So how can it grow if it's already reached the end of its feedstock?" "Danson:" "Patricia has started a campaign to encourage people all over the world instead of the farmed fish that are fed on them." " Why not eat the fish directly?" "Why not eat the anchovies?" "They're much better for you than salmon anyways." "It's this tiny little fish that has all the energy that you need to be healthy. what else can we do to save the world's oceans?" " We need to turn back the clock 200 years to restore its previous abundance and productivity in some places around the world oceans." "I'm talking about creating a network of areas within which we can turn back the clock." " lt's a nice country." "It can't be more beautiful than this outside of dying and going to heaven." "Danson:" "Marine reserves are areas of the world's oceans where commercial fishing is completely banned." "The results can be staggering." " Wherever people have established an area reserves have shown marvelous benefits." "I've studied marine reserves in the Caribbean." "the local community set up four areas that were off-limits to fishing in 15. and life was becoming more abundant on them." "five times the amount of fish that were present initially over a period of seven years of protection after that." "Danson:" "Hardy McKinney is a fisherman campaigning for a reserve to be set up in an area decimated by fishing." " Have this area set aside as a protected area." "No one is permitted to go here to fish." "And you allow the fish to do what they do." "It'sjust a natural thing." "You would have more fish." "So you would go to a rock where there's one Nassau grouper." "you may see two." "you may see four." "it would work." " Marine reserves are absolutely necessary. and we must have lots of them." " The best available calculation on how much it will cost to have a global network of marine-protected areas that would cover between 20% and 30% of the area of the world oceans is that it would take about" "$12 billion to $1 4 billion a year to manage a network of that scale. the amount is roughly equivalent." "The fishery subsidies are estimated to be of the order and those subsidies encourage overfishing." "What this $12 billion to $1 4 billion cost of managing protected areas would do would be to contribute to the solution to overfishing would create about a million jobs worldwide." "Danson:" "The world has signed up to establishing a network of marine-protected areas by 2012." "Some nations have promised to protect 20% or more of their seas in the future." "But we have to put pressure on governments to ensure this happens." "000 marine reserves of different sizes in the world." "0.6%." ".4% of the ocean is fishable." " You're allowed to fish in % of the ocean." "that doesn't seem to me to be a proper representation of our interests as citizens." "Danson:" "Marine reserves on their own will not solve the problem of the emptying seas. so these also have to be controlled." "Politicians have to act responsibly when making decisions about the oceans." "Consumers need to change their eating habits." "And the global fishing industry has to abide by the rules and reduce its capacity." " The problem is getting political will to implement these things. you can't do this because it would affect too many people's livelihoods."" "those livelihoods are disappearing year by year with inaction." " l want them to manage the sea for recovery." "I want it to be full of fish." "I want it to be full of cod and skate and... shellfish and everything." " Does society want to see that recovery take place?" "Or is society happy with massive depletions?" "I don't think my six-year-old daughter is going to be particularly happy in ten years' time when she reads about this stuff my lifetime." and we have a collective responsibility." " The difference between this and other environmental problems it is relatively simple to solve." "We can act now." "It's not rocket science." "We don't need more knowledge to do so." "So let's do what we can where we can." "You can do it here." "You can do it now." " You just do it." "there are three steps to heaven." "and you will plainly see. and three." "Step one:" "you find a girl you love." "Step two:" "she falls in love with you." "Step three:" "you kiss and hold her tightly." "that sure seems like heaven to me."