"THEIR AMBITIONS BROUGHT THEM" "TO THE HEART OF THE NATION'S AFFAIRS." "THEY WERE DESCENDED FROM A NATIONAL HERO" "THE DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH" "AND BRED AT THE PALACE NAMED FOR HIS GREATEST VICTORY, BLENHEIM." "THEY WERE GAMBLERS IN POLITICS AND LIFE" "AND WHEN ARISTOCRATIC PRIVILEGE BLENDED WITH AMERICAN DRIVE" "THEY PRODUCED THE MOST PRODIGAL GENIUS OF ALL." "Man:" "HE WAS A MAN OF GENIUS" "AND LIKE ALL MEN OF GENIUS" "THERE ARE DARK PATCHES AND BRIGHT PATCHES." "Man:" "THERE WAS THIS INVALUABLE STREAK OF, SOME WOULD SAY, RUTHLESSNESS" "SOME WOULD SAY VULGARITY" "BUT IT WAS DIFFERENT FROM THE ORDINARY RUN" "OF ENGLISH GENTLEMAN TURNED INTO POLITICIAN." "WE MUSTN'T USE THE WORD "EMPIRE";" "IT'S NAUGHTY." "SOON WE WON'T BE ABLE TO USE THE WORD "BRITISH."" "Woman:" "PEOPLE OFTEN SAY" ""GOODNESS, IT MUST BE WONDERFUL TO BE A CHURCHILL"" "AND IN MANY WAYS, OF COURSE, IT IS." "I PERSONALLY DIDN'T FIND BEING A YOUNG CHURCHILL" "OR EVEN A CHURCHILL NOW, PARTICULARLY COMFORTABLE." "THE PUBLIC PROFILE HAD A PRIVATE PRICE." "AND SOONER OR LATER, THE CHURCHILLS HAD TO PAY." "Captioning sponsored by THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING" "and PUBLIC TELEVISION VIEWERS" "Narrator:" "1873, THE SUMMER SEASON." "THE CREAM OF BRITISH SOCIETY HAD GATHERED" "FOR THE ANNUAL REGATTA AT COWES." "ONE EVENING IN JULY, THERE WAS A BALL ON BOARD ONE OF THE YACHTS." "AMONG THE GUESTS WAS A YOUNG AMERICAN, JENNIE JEROME." "SHE WAS JUST 19 YEARS OLD." "ALSO THERE WAS LORD RANDOLPH CHURCHILL" "SECOND SON OF THE DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH." "Man:" "SHE MET RANDOLPH." "NOW, RANDOLPH DIDN'T LIKE SOCIETY VERY MUCH." "HE COULDN'T DANCE, BUT HE TRIED" "AND I BELIEVE AFTER ABOUT HALF A DOZEN STEPS" "JANETTE, AS SHE CALLED HERSELF THEN" "SUGGESTED THEY SHOULD SIT DOWN FOR A REST, SO THEY SAT DOWN" "AND FOR THE REST OF THE EVENING, THEY NEVER STOPPED TALKING." "WHEN SHE WENT HOME WITH HER TWO SISTERS" "SHE ANNOUNCED THAT SHE'D MET THE MAN SHE WAS GOING TO MARRY." "Narrator:" "THREE DAYS LATER WHEN RANDOLPH PROPOSED" "JENNIE INSTANTLY ACCEPTED." "HIS FATHER SAID, "WELL, WHO IS SHE?"" "WELL, RANDOLPH DIDN'T KNOW." "HE SAID HE BELIEVED..." "SHE WAS AMERICAN" "AND HER FATHER DID SOMETHING IN AMERICA." "Narrator:" "JENNIE'S FATHER, LEONARD JEROME, WAS A WALL STREET SPECULATOR" "NEWSPAPER PUBLISHER AND MILLIONAIRE." "HE HAD LAVISHED EVERY ATTENTION ON HIS THREE DAUGHTERS." "JENNIE HAD GROWN UP SURROUNDED BY INDULGENCE AND AFFECTION." "SHE NOW SOUGHT ACCEPTANCE" "INTO ONE OF THE GREATEST ENGLISH FAMILIES, THE MARLBOROUGHS" "HEADED BY THE SEVENTH DUKE." "Peregrine:" "THE DUKE SAID, "WELL, I DON'T THINK IT'S APPROPRIATE" ""AND BEING AN AMERICAN" "I DON'T THINK REALLY SHE FITS IN WITH OUR SOCIETY."" "Narrator:" "DESPITE THE DUKE'S OPPOSITION AND LEGAL WRANGLES ABOUT MONEY" "THEY WERE MARRIED WITHIN THE YEAR." "BUT WHEN THEY VISITED BLENHEIM PALACE" "THE VAST PILE BUILT FOR RANDOLPH'S ANCESTOR" "THE FIRST DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH" "JENNIE WAS CHILLED BY THE ATMOSPHERE." "Jennie ( dramatized ):" "THE FACT IS I LOATHE LIVING HERE." "IT IS NOT ON ACCOUNT OF ITS DULLNESS" " THAT I DON'T MIND" "BUT THE DUCHESS HATES ME SIMPLY FOR WHAT I AM." "EVERYTHING I DO OR SAY OR WEAR IS FOUND FAULT WITH." "Narrator:" "ONLY SEVEN MONTHS AFTER THE WEDDING" "JENNIE WAS AT BLENHEIM WHEN SHE UNEXPECTEDLY WENT INTO LABOR." "JENNIE WAS RUSHED TO A GROUND-FLOOR CLOAKROOM" "WHERE ON THE 30th OF NOVEMBER, 1874, SHE GAVE BIRTH TO A SON." "WINSTON SPENCER CHURCHILL WAS BORN" "INTO THE HEART OF THE ARISTOCRACY" "BUT THE CHURCHILLS WERE NOT QUITE WHAT THEY APPEARED." "Man:" "THE CHURCHILLS OR THE MARLBOROUGHS" "ARE AN INTERESTING CASE ABOUT ARISTOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT." "I MEAN, THEY BEHAVE LIKE 18th-CENTURY ARISTOCRATS." "THEY GET INTO DEBT." "THEY HAVE SCANDALOUS RELATIONSHIPS WITH WOMEN." "THEY'RE INCREDIBLY RUDE TO PEOPLE." "THEY'RE RACKETY AND THEY STAY RACKETY." "THERE ARE BLIPS OF RESPECTABILITY" "AND LORD RANDOLPH'S PARENTS, THE SEVENTH DUKE AND HIS DUCHESS" "WERE RESPECTABLE." "THEY WERE RATHER CHURCHY, THEY WERE DECENT" "BUT THEIR CHILDREN REVERTED GLORIOUSLY TO TYPE." "Narrator:" "ALTHOUGH RANDOLPH AND JENNIE" "COULD NOT AFFORD TO LIVE IN THE GRAND STYLE, THEY DID." "HANDING THE NEW BABY OVER TO A NANNY" "THEY SET OUT TO ENJOY THEMSELVES." "RANDOLPH LIKED COUNTRY PURSUITS" "BUT WHEN ELECTED TO THE FAMILY SEAT IN PARLIAMENT" "HE FOUND POLITICS WAS THE FINEST BLOOD SPORT OF ALL." "Randolph ( dramatized ):" "I HAVE TRIED ALL FORMS OF EXCITEMENT" "FROM TIP-CAT TO TIGER SHOOTING, ALL DEGREES OF GAMBLING" "FROM BEGGAR-MY-NEIGHBOR TO MONTE CARLO" "BUT I HAVE FOUND NO GAMBLING LIKE POLITICS" "AND NO EXCITEMENT LIKE A BIG DIVISION." "Narrator:" "RANDOLPH ROSE TO PROMINENCE" "BY HARRYING THE POLITICAL HEAVYWEIGHTS OF HIS TIME." "HE RIDICULED PRIME MINISTER GLADSTONE" "AS "AN OLD MAN IN A HURRY."" "Foster:" "HE'S THE RUDEST POLITICIAN THERE IS." "HE SAYS ASTONISHING THINGS ABOUT PEOPLE." "HE PLAYED TO THE GALLERY." "HE WAS A DANDY." "HE WORE VERY STYLISH, I THINK-- NOT VULGAR, STYLISH" "BUT SLIGHTLY ARRESTING CLOTHES." "HE LOVED TO MAKE BRUTAL, LOW JOKES." "HE PREENED." "WHEN HE GOT ON THE STAGE, HE INFLATED." "HE BECAME..." "HE BECAME A GREAT STAR, WHICH HE WAS." "Narrator:" "THE PARLIAMENTARY LEADERS" "WERE TRYING TO APPEAL TO A NEW, WIDER ELECTORATE." "THE INEFFECTUAL LEADERSHIP OF THE TORY PARTY KNEW" "THAT IT NEEDED A CHAMPION WITH MASS APPEAL." "LORD RANDOLPH HAD CHARISMA." "EVEN HIS OPPONENTS FEARED HIS CARESSING CHARM." "ABOVE ALL HE KNEW HOW TO PLAY THE PRESS." "THE USE OF PUBLICITY" "THIS, UM..." "INCESSANT CULTIVATION OF JOURNALISTS." "THE FACT THAT QUITE EARLY ON" "THE PRESS ASSOCIATION HAS A LIST" "OF WHO GETS QUOTED IN WHAT PROPORTION FOR THEIR SPEECHES" "YOU KNOW, WHETHER YOU PRINT 50% OF SOMEONE'S SPEECH OR NOT." "CHURCHILL, THEY PRINT EVERYTHING HE SAYS" "AND THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT IN HOW CHURCHILL BECOMES" "AS EVERYONE BY THE MID-'80s THINKS HE WILL BE" "THE LEADER IN WAITING TO THE TORY PARTY." "Narrator:" "IN THE 1884 GENERAL ELECTION" "CHURCHILL'S TACTICS WERE VINDICATED." "THE TORIES WERE ELECTED" "AND LORD RANDOLPH BECAME SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA" "IN THE NEW GOVERNMENT." "DURING THE ELECTION, JENNIE HAD CAMPAIGNED ALONGSIDE HIM." "NOW SHE BECAME A FORMIDABLE POLITICAL HOSTESS." "SHE'D WALK INTO A ROOM AND SHE OPENED UP THE ROOM." "IT WAS A MAGICAL KIND OF THING." "IT WASN'T JUST BEAUTY AND IT WASN'T JUST CHARISMA." "IT WAS..." "THERE WAS SOMETHING ALMOST CHEMICAL ABOUT IT." "SHE JUST..." "IT WAS HER SPIRIT;" "SHE HAD THE SPIRIT." "THERE WAS A FIRE IN HER, AND PEOPLE FELT IT." "Peregrine:" "SHE WAS A MAGNIFICENT HORSEWOMAN." "SHE RODE ASTRIDE" "WHICH WAS UNTHINKABLE, OF COURSE, IN ENGLAND." "SHE WAS MUSICAL, SHE PLAYED THE PIANO." "WHEN I WAS QUITE SMALL, I WOULD LISTEN TO HER PLAY" "AND IT ENTHRALLED ME." "SHE WOULD PLAY IN THE EVENING" "AND THE MELODIES GO THROUGH MY MIND EVEN..." "EVEN TODAY." "I'VE STILL GOT HER SCORES" "WHICH WERE PRINTED WITH HER NAME ON THE OUTSIDE" "AND THEY'RE IN MY LIBRARY." "( ends tune )" "Narrator:" "IN 1880, JENNIE GAVE BIRTH TO THE COUPLE'S SECOND CHILD, JACK." "THEIR BUSY SCHEDULE LEFT LITTLE TIME FOR WINSTON" "WHO WAS A TEMPESTUOUS AND DEMANDING CHILD." "Woman:" "I SHOULD THINK HE WAS AN IMPOSSIBLE CHILD IN SOME WAYS." "IF HE'D BEEN MY CHILD, I THINK I WOULD HAVE ADORED HIM" "BUT FELT YOU'D NEED CONSTANTLY ALMOST PROTECTING HIM" "BECAUSE HE WOULD BE PUTTING PEOPLE'S BACKS UP" "ALL ROUND THE PLACE." "BUT IF HE WAS MY CHILD'S BEST FRIEND" "I WOULD HAVE BEEN FAIRLY HESITANT ABOUT ASKING HIM" "TO COME AND STAY FOR THE HOLIDAYS." "Narrator:" "AT THE AGE OF SEVEN, WINSTON WAS SENT OFF TO SCHOOL." "Churchill ( dramatized ):" ""MY DEAR MAMA, I HOPE YOU ARE QUITE WELL." "I AM WONDERING WHEN ARE YOU COMING TO SEE ME."" "( simultaneous readings ):" ""I HOPE YOU ARE COMING SOON."" ""I AM VERY GLAD PAPA GOT IN."" "Narrator:" "WINSTON FREQUENTLY WROTE TO HIS PARENTS" "BEGGING FOR MORE ATTENTION." "Churchill ( dramatized ):" ""MY DARLING PAPA" ""I HAVE BEEN OUT RIDING WITH A GENTLEMAN" ""WHO THINKS THAT GLADSTONE IS A BRUTE" ""AND THINKS THAT THE ONE WITH THE CURLY MOUSTACHE" ""OUGHT TO BE PREMIER." ""EVERYBODY WANTS YOUR AUTOGRAPH, BUT I CAN ONLY SAY I WILL TRY." "WITH LOVE AND KISSES, I REMAIN YOUR LOVING WINSTON."" "Narrator:" "UNKNOWN TO WINSTON, HIS FATHER'S CAREER WAS IN PERIL." "LORD RANDOLPH WAS A SICK MAN." "IN 1882, HE WAS ABSENT FROM WESTMINSTER FOR EIGHT MONTHS" "WITHOUT EXPLANATION." "LORD RANDOLPH'S ILLNESS IS A MATTER FOR CONJECTURE" "AS ANYONE'S ILLNESS OVER A HUNDRED YEARS AGO MUST BE." "WE DON'T HAVE A DETAILED DIAGNOSIS OF HIS ILLNESS." "WE DO KNOW THAT FROM A PRETTY EARLY STAGE" "CERTAINLY THE MID-'80s, HE WAS SEEING A DOCTOR" "WHO WAS A SPECIALIST IN SYPHILIS." "Narrator:" "THE SUSPICION THAT HER HUSBAND HAD SYPHILIS" "TRANSFORMED JENNIE'S LIFE." "Martin:" "SHE STARTED LIVING HER OWN LIFE IN TERMS OF..." "OF MEN." "THAT'S WHEN THE PRINCE OF WALES BECAME HER LOVER." "THAT'S WHEN COUNT KINSKI BECAME HER LOVER." "HE WAS AN AUSTRIAN WHO HAD WON THE GRAND NATIONAL" "AND WAS THE HERO OF GREAT BRITAIN." "SHE WAS VERY, VERY SELECTIVE ABOUT THE MEN IN HER LIFE." "THEY WERE ALWAYS THE MOST INTERESTING" "THE MOST IMPORTANT, MOST HANDSOME." "SHE WAS VERY, VERY SELECTIVE." "Narrator:" "RANDOLPH'S LIFE WAS ALSO CHANGED" "AS HE NOW EXPECTED HE WOULD DIE YOUNG AND POSSIBLY INSANE." "Foster:" "I THINK IT EXPLAINS QUITE A LOT" "ABOUT HIS BREAKNECK TACTICS FROM ABOUT 1885." "HE KNOWS HE DOESN'T HAVE MUCH TIME" "AND THIS IS ALSO VERY IMPORTANT" "IN TERMS OF HIS RELATIONSHIP WITH HIS CHILDREN." "HE DOESN'T HAVE MUCH TIME FOR THEM EITHER." "HE'S A MAN WHO FEELS THAT HIS TIME IS RUNNING OUT" "AND WHO IS FRANTICALLY SCRABBLING TO THE TOP." "Narrator:" "RANDOLPH WAS CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER AT THE AGE OF 37" "A YOUNG MAN IN A DESPERATE HURRY." "AFTER ONLY THREE MONTHS IN OFFICE" "HE BELIEVED HIMSELF INDISPENSABLE." "HIS RECKLESS ARROGANCE WOULD BE HIS UNDOING." "AT HIS OWN LEADER'S HOUSE" "LORD SALISBURY'S GREAT HOUSE, HATFIELD" "WHEN CHURCHILL IS HIS CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER, HE'S DINING" "AND HE'S SITTING NEAR THE REDOUBTABLE LADY SALISBURY" "AND HE'S HEARD TO SAY VERY LOUDLY" ""BAD DINNER, COLD PLATES, BEASTLY WINE!"" "AND THIS, OF COURSE, ISN'T GOING TO ENDEAR HIM" "TO THE KIND OF PEOPLE ON WHOM HIS POLITICAL FUTURE DEPENDS." "Narrator:" "WHEN HE OFFERED HIS RESIGNATION ON A MINOR ISSUE" "LORD SALISBURY ACCEPTED IT WITH RELIEF." "HE DECIDED TO RESIGN WITHOUT TELLING JENNIE OR ANYBODY ELSE." "JUST WROTE ON A VERY SMALL POINT OF POLITICAL PRINCIPLE" "HE SENT THE NOTE RESIGNING, AND THAT WAS THE END OF HIS CAREER." "AND..." "AND JENNIE WAS DESOLATE, BECAUSE SHE FELT" "THAT HE REALLY COULD HAVE BEEN PRIME MINISTER OF ENGLAND." "Narrator:" "WINSTON FOLLOWED THE DRAMA FROM SCHOOL." "A REBELLIOUS PUPIL WHO SEEMED NOT TO TRY" "HE EXCELLED IN HISTORY AND ENGLISH" "EVEN OVERCOMING A SPEECH DEFECT." "Peregrine:" "HE HAD TO LEARN A NEW LANGUAGE." "HE COULDN'T PRONOUNCE THE "S" IN WORDS." "A WORD LIKE "WASP," FOR INSTANCE" "HE COULDN'T SAY "WASP."" "IT WAS A "WAPS," AND WE GOT USED TO IT" "WE COULD UNDERSTAND HIM, BUT OF COURSE THE PUBLIC COULDN'T" "SO HE HAD TO REVERT TO THE SPECIAL LANGUAGE" "THAT HE USED WHICH WAS INTELLIGIBLE." "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL RANKED HIGH ENOUGH" "TO BE PLACED IN THE ELITE MILITARY ACADEMY AT SANDHURST." "YET FROM HIS FATHER HE RECEIVED A BRUTAL REBUFF." "Randolph ( dramatized ):" ""MY DEAR WINSTON, I AM RATHER SURPRISED" ""AT YOUR TONE OF EXULTATION" ""OVER YOUR INCLUSION IN THE SANDHURST LIST." ""WITH ALL THE ADVANTAGES YOU HAD, WITH ALL THE ABILITIES" ""WHICH YOU FOOLISHLY THINK YOURSELF TO POSSESS" ""THIS IS THE GRAND RESULT" ""THAT YOU COME UP AMONG THE SECOND" " AND THIRD-RATE" ""WHO ARE ONLY GOOD FOR COMMISSIONS" ""IN A CAVALRY REGIMENT." ""I AM CERTAIN THAT YOU WILL BECOME A MERE SOCIAL WASTREL" ""ONE OF THE HUNDREDS OF PUBLIC SCHOOL FAILURES" ""AND YOU WILL DEGENERATE" ""INTO A SHABBY, UNHAPPY AND FUTILE EXISTENCE." ""YOUR MOTHER SENDS HER LOVE." "YOUR AFFECTIONATE FATHER, RANDOLPH."" "WELL, I THINK THAT IT WAS AN APPALLING LETTER" "AND HE WAS OUTRAGED" "THAT, UM, WINSTON SEEMED TO HAVE NOT ACHIEVED" "THE RIGHT AMOUNT OF MARKS TO GET INTO THE INFANTRY" "AND HAD ONLY ACHIEVED THE CAVALRY." "WINSTON WANTED TO GO INTO THE CAVALRY ANYWAY" "BUT THEY WERE VERY HARD UP" "AND IT WAS MUCH CHEAPER TO BE IN THE INFANTRY" "AND YOU DIDN'T NEED ALL THOSE HORSES" "AND THE POLO PONIES, AND ALL OF THAT." "AND I DON'T THINK WINSTON REALIZED" "HOW DESPERATELY WORRIED ABOUT MONEY HIS FATHER WAS." "Narrator:" "ALL HIS LIFE" "RANDOLPH HAD GAMBLED HEAVILY AND SPENT RECKLESSLY." "HE KEPT RACEHORSES AND FAST COMPANY." "HIS NEED FOR MONEY LED TO UNWISE TRANSACTIONS." "Foster:" "ONE OF HIS CLOSEST FRIENDS WAS NATHANIEL ROTHSCHILD" ""NATTY" ROTHSCHILD" " AND WHEN HE WAS CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER" "TO PEOPLE'S HORROR" "LORD RANDOLPH SEEMED TO TAKE ADVICE FROM THE ROTHSCHILDS" "FAR MORE CLOSELY THAN FROM ANY ELECTED POLITICIAN" "OR CABINET MEMBER." "WHEN HE WAS SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA, HE DID HIS BEST" "TO CUT IN THE ROTHSCHILDS ON EVERY MONOPOLY GOING" "WHETHER IT WAS THE BURMESE RUBY MINES" "OR RAILWAYS ON THE NORTHWESTERN FRONTIER." "WHEN HE DIED, HE OWED ROTHSCHILD'S BANK 66,000" "AN ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF MONEY AT THE TIME." "HE WAS EFFECTIVELY BANKROLLED BY ROTHSCHILD'S." "THIS, HAD IT BEEN KNOWN" "WOULD HAVE BEEN A PRETTY LARGE-SCALE SCANDAL." "Narrator:" "BY 1893, LORD RANDOLPH'S ILLNESS HAD BECOME SO ADVANCED" "THAT A FRIEND NOTED, "HE WAS DYING BY INCHES IN PUBLIC."" "HE WAS ABSOLUTELY UNPREDICTABLE IN PARLIAMENT." "I MEAN, HE WOULD DO MAD THINGS." "EVEN QUEEN VICTORIA SAID, "THIS MAN IS MAD."" "I MEAN, HE WOULD..." "YOU NEVER KNEW WHAT HE WOULD SAY NEXT" "WHEN HE WOULD HAVE A KIND OF HYSTERICAL OUTBURST" "THAT HAD NO SENSE AT ALL." "SO THEY BEGGED JENNIE TO TAKE HIM OUT OF THE COUNTRY" "AND SHE TOOK HIM ON THIS TRIP AROUND THE WORLD FOR A YEAR." "AND THEY EVEN TRAVELED WITH A LEAD-LINED COFFIN" "BECAUSE THEY NEVER KNEW WHEN HE WAS GOING TO DIE." "Narrator:" "RANDOLPH DIED ON JANUARY 24, 1895" "SHORTLY AFTER RETURNING FROM HIS TRIP AROUND THE WORLD." "WINSTON HAD LOST THE FATHER HE HARDLY KNEW" "BUT HAD LONG REVERED." "Woman:" "IN THE LAST YEAR'S OF MY FATHER'S LIFE" "WHEN I WAS SITTING WITH HIM ALONE ONE EVENING AT DINNER" "I ASKED HIM IF THERE WAS ANYTHING HE HADN'T DONE" "THAT HE WOULD HAVE LIKED TO HAVE DONE" "OR ANY HONOR HE WOULD HAVE LIKED TO HAVE RECEIVED" "THAT HE HADN'T RECEIVED" "AND HE PAUSED FOR HARDLY A SECOND AND SAID" ""OH, YES, I'D HAVE LIKED MY FATHER TO HAVE LIVED LONG ENOUGH" "TO SEE THAT I WAS GOING TO BE SOME GOOD."" "Narrator:" "1899" " THE HEYDAY OF THE EMPIRE." "BRITISH TROOPS WERE IN ACTION IN SOUTH AFRICA" "AND WINSTON CHURCHILL WAS ALREADY ON HIS FOURTH WAR." "AFTER LEAVING SANDHURST, WINSTON HAD USED HIS MOTHER'S CONTACTS" "TO GET ARMY POSTINGS IN INDIA AND THE SUDAN." "THERE, HE FOUGHT BRAVELY AND HAD RIDDEN" "IN THE BRITISH ARMY'S LAST GREAT CAVALRY CHARGE AT OMDURMAN." "Soames:" "HE WAS A SOLDIER OF FORTUNE ALMOST" "AND HE TOOK TO WRITING, UM..." "DISPATCHES" "AS A WAR CORRESPONDENT, AND THAT WAS A PERIOD OF HIS LIFE" "WHEN I THINK THAT HE WAS, AS IT WERE, TESTING HIMSELF." "Narrator:" "FROM AN EARLY AGE" "WINSTON HAD POSSESSED A RARE SKILL WITH WORDS." "VIVID BOOKS ABOUT HIS EXPLOITS AS A SOLDIER EARNED HIM" "A LUCRATIVE CONTRACT TO COVER THE BOER WAR IN SOUTH AFRICA" "FOR A LONDON NEWSPAPER." "HE ALWAYS REPORTED FROM THE THICK OF THE ACTION." "ON THIS OCCASION, HIS SOLDIER BROTHER JACK WAS WITH HIM." "Peregrine:" "WINSTON SAID TO JACK, "YOU'VE JUST ARRIVED IN TIME." ""THERE IS A BATTLE GOING ON" "AND YOU'RE JUST IN TIME TO JOIN IN."" "SO THEY WENT ALONG." "WINSTON WAS STANDING ON THE HORIZON" "EXPLAINING TO JACK WHAT WAS HAPPENING." "THE BOERS WERE HERE AND THE GUNS WERE OVER THERE" "AND THE GENERALS WERE DOING THIS AND THAT" "AND THEN HE LOOKED ROUND-- NO JACK." "AND THEN, ON THE GROUND, THERE WAS MY FATHER LYING PRONE." "HE'D BEEN SHOT IN THE LEG" "AND WINSTON WAS REPUTED, ACCORDING TO MY FATHER, TO SAY" ""WELL, YOU SILLY ASS, YOU'VE ONLY BEEN HERE FOR FIVE MINUTES" "AND YOU GET YOURSELF SHOT."" "Narrator:" "JACK WAS ONE OF THE FIRST SOLDIERS" "TO BE TREATED ON A HOSPITAL SHIP IN DURBAN HARBOR" "RUN BY HIS MOTHER." "DETERMINED TO BE CLOSE TO THE ACTION, JENNIE HAD RAISED FUNDS" "IN BRITAIN AND AMERICA FOR THE STEAMSHIP MAINE" "AND ITS TEAM OF NURSES AND DOCTORS" "TO TRAVEL TO SOUTH AFRICA." "IT WAS A GREAT ADVENTURE FOR HER." "I MEAN, IT WAS TYPICAL OF HER TO DO SOMETHING LIKE THIS." "I MEAN, IMAGINE ANY WOMAN OF HER TIME" "ORGANIZING A HOSPITAL SHIP AND TAKING IT DOWN TO THE WAR" "AND THEN GOING TO THE FRONT LINES, AND THAT SORT OF THING." "( train rumbling, whistle blowing )" "( steam whistle blowing )" "Narrator:" "WINSTON WOULD SOON HAVE AN ADVENTURE OF HIS OWN." "RIDING ON AN ARMORED TRAIN, HE WAS CAPTURED DURING AN AMBUSH." "THE BOERS HELD HIM PRISONER FOR THREE WEEKS." "HE ESCAPED AND FLED ACROSS ENEMY TERRITORY TO THE BRITISH LINES." "THE PUBLICATION OF HIS OWN DRAMATIC AND RACY ACCOUNT" "OF THESE EXPLOITS MADE HIM A NATIONAL HERO." "Man:" "CHURCHILL'S YOUTH WAS A VERY TYPICALLY ARISTOCRATIC YOUTH:" "THE EXPERIENCE OF WAR, THE EXHILARATION OF WAR;" "THE CHANCE TO PROVE TO HIMSELF AND TO OTHERS" "THAT HE WAS A MAN OF COURAGE AND VIGOR AND ENERGY AND RESOURCE;" "AND PULLING STRINGS VIA HIS RELATIVES" "TO GET POSTINGS IN SOUTH AFRICA, IN THE SUDAN AND IN INDIA." "ALL OF THAT WAS AN OBVIOUS WAY FOR A YOUNG ARISTOCRAT" "WITH GOOD CONNECTIONS AND A LARGE EGO" "TO PROMOTE HIMSELF AND TO..." "TO GROW UP." "Narrator:" "WITH JENNIE BESIDE HIM" "WINSTON CAMPAIGNED FOR PARLIAMENT AS A CONSERVATIVE" "IN THE NORTHERN CONSTITUENCY OF OLDHAM." "IN 1900, HE WAS ELECTED TO WESTMINSTER" "AND FOLLOWED PROUDLY IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF LORD RANDOLPH." "LIKE HIS FATHER, WINSTON WAS" "A PUBLICITY-SEEKING AND FLAMBOYANT MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT." "BUT HE DID NOT SHARE HIS FATHER'S GIFT" "AS A BRILLIANT OFF-THE-CUFF SPEAKER." "SPEAKING WAS SOMETHING THAT HE LEARNED" "AND TOOK A LOT OF TROUBLE OVER." "IT WAS CURIOUS, BECAUSE HE WAS VERY GOOD AT SMART REPARTEE." "MY PARENTS WERE LIVING NEAR NEWCASTLE" "WINSTON WAS GIVING A SPEECH IN NEWCASTLE" "AND HE WAS FURIOUS WHEN HE ARRIVED" "AND HE FOUND THERE WASN'T A LONG MIRROR IN HIS ROOM" "AND MY MOTHER HAD SOME DIFFICULTY" "IN FINDING ONE FOR HIM, BUT HE INSISTED ON HAVING IT." "HOW COULD HE MAKE HIS SPEECH IF HE COULDN'T REHEARSE IT" "AND REHEARSE IT" "SO GESTURES AND ALL WOULD BE CAREFULLY ORGANIZED?" "ONE DAY IN 1904, HE WAS SPEAKING IN THE HOUSE" "AND IT HAPPENS TO ALL OF US, EVERY ACTOR KNOWS THE FEELING" "HE JUST DRIED UP AND COULDN'T CARRY ON;" "HE LOST HIS WAY." "AND IT CAUSED A TERRIBLE SENSATION AT THE TIME" "BECAUSE PEOPLE WITH VIVID MEMORIES OF LORD RANDOLPH" "ONLY TEN YEARS BEFORE" "WONDERED WHETHER PERHAPS THE SON HAD, YOU KNOW" "INHERITED THE SAME MENTAL DISEASE OR AFFLICTION" "THAT HAD KILLED THE FATHER." "Narrator:" "WHAT WINSTON HAD INHERITED" "WAS HIS FATHER'S KEEN POLITICAL INSTINCT." "AS BRITAIN CHANGED, HE CHANGED WITH IT." "AFTER ONLY FOUR YEARS IN PARLIAMENT" "HE DESERTED THE CONSERVATIVES" "AND CROSSED THE FLOOR TO JOIN THE RADICAL LIBERALS" "AROUND THE DYNAMIC LEADER, DAVID LLOYD GEORGE." "HE DID IT IN A MOST, UM..." "SYMBOLIC AND OSTENTATIOUS WAY" "IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS" "BECAUSE THE FIRST TIME HE APPEARED IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS" "AFTER HIS SWITCH, HE CAME IN AND WALKED UP" "AND THEN TURNED SHARPLY TO THE RIGHT, TO THE LIBERAL BENCHES" "AND SAT DOWN BESIDE LLOYD GEORGE" "WHO WAS THE RISING STAR OF THE SORT OF NEW RADICAL LIBERALS." "SO HE WAS MAKING IT PERFECTLY CLEAR" "NOT ONLY HE WAS JOINING THE LIBERALS" "BUT WHAT SORT OF LIBERALS HE WAS ASSOCIATING HIMSELF WITH" "AND WHICH LIBERAL IN PARTICULAR." "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL'S CONVERSION WAS MET WITH A MEASURE OF SKEPTICISM." "ONE CONTEMPORARY SAID, "WINSTON HAS JUST DISCOVERED THE POOR" "WHOM HE THINKS HE HAS BEEN SENT BY GOD TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT."" "BUT HIS INTENTIONS WERE GENUINE." "WINSTON PUSHED THROUGH REFORMS" "WHICH BEGAN PENSIONS AND INSURANCE FOR ALL." "CHURCHILL FOUND HIMSELF DEFENDING THESE LIBERAL MEASURES" "AND, AS IT WERE" "THE DEMOCRATICALLY ELECTED LOWER HOUSE" "AGAINST THE ARISTOCRATIC UPPER HOUSE" "AND SO FOR MANY ARISTOCRATS" "WHO ARE INDEED CHURCHILL'S RELATIVES" "HE IS A TRAITOR TO HIS CLASS." "WHEN HE MET LADY LONDONDERRY" "I THINK HE SAID IN THE..." "SOMEWHERE" "IN THE PARK OR WHEREVER" "AND BOWED AND RAISED HIS HAT TO HER, AND HE SAID" ""SHE JUST DID THIS"-- ( snorts ) AND HE SNORTED LIKE A SEA LION." "HE WAS VERY UNPOPULAR WITH, UH..." "WITH HIS FORMER CONSERVATIVE COLLEAGUES." "Narrator:" "WHEN WINSTON WAS 30" "AND ONE OF LONDON'S MOST ELIGIBLE BACHELORS" "HE HAD ATTENDED A BALL IN FASHIONABLE MAYFAIR" "WITH HIS MOTHER." "HIS EYE FELL ON ONE OF THE DANCERS, CLEMENTINE HOZIER." "Soames:" "MY FATHER SAID TO HIS MOTHER, WHO WAS THERE" ""WHO IS THAT SIMPLY BEAUTIFUL GIRL" "THE OTHER SIDE OF THE ROOM?"" "SO WITH PAPA IN TOW" "LADY RANDOLPH SAILED ACROSS THE BALLROOM" "AND INTRODUCED HERSELF TO, UM, CLEMENTINE" "WHO WAS STANDING THERE" "AND SAYING, "I'M AN OLD FRIEND OF YOUR MOTHER'S" "AND THIS IS MY SON, WINSTON CHURCHILL."" "MY FATHER, INSTEAD OF SAYING SOMETHING" "JUST STOOD THERE ROOTED TO THE SPOT, SORT OF STARING" "AND MY MOTHER WAS SOMEWHAT DISCONCERTED." "SHE MADE A LITTLE SIGNAL TO ONE OF HER BEAUX" "WHO WAS STANDING NOT FAR AWAY, WHO INSTANTLY CAME UP" "AND WHIRLED HER AWAY ON THE DANCE FLOOR" "AND SAID TO HER, "WHATEVER WERE YOU DOING" "TALKING TO THAT FRIGHTFUL BOUNDER WINSTON CHURCHILL?"" "Narrator:" "CLEMENTINE WAS NOT AS WELL CONNECTED AS WINSTON" "BUT SHE WAS BETTER EDUCATED" "A TALENTED LINGUIST AND A LIFELONG LIBERAL." "FOUR YEARS LATER, HE MET CLEMENTINE AGAIN." "THIS TIME HE TOOK THE TROUBLE TO COURT HER." "HE CHARMED AND CAPTIVATED HER, DESPITE HER DOUBTS." "THEY FELL IN LOVE AND WINSTON TOOK CLEMENTINE TO BLENHEIM" "JUST AS RANDOLPH HAD TAKEN JENNIE 30 YEARS BEFORE." "HIS COUSIN, THE DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH" "CAME UP TO HIS BEDROOM AND SAID, "LOOK HERE, WINSTON" ""IF YOU MEAN TO MARRY THAT GIRL" ""I THINK YOU BETTER GET UP AND GO DOWN AND ASK HER TO MARRY HER" "BECAUSE OTHERWISE SHE'S GOING TO BE OFF BEFORE LUNCH."" "AND SO ONE LEAPT OUT OF BED, GOT DRESSED, RUSHED DOWN" "AND TOOK MY MOTHER FOR A WALK IN THE GROUNDS" "AND THEY ENDED UP IN THIS LOVELY TEMPLE" "WHERE HE PROPOSED TO HER." "( bells pealing )" "Narrator:" "WHEN WINSTON MARRIED CLEMMIE IN 1908" "IT WAS THE SOCIETY WEDDING OF THE YEAR." "BUT FOR HIS MOTHER, THERE WAS A CERTAIN SADNESS." "THE MARRIAGE MEANT" "THAT JENNIE WOULD NO LONGER BE WINSTON'S CLOSEST CONFIDANTE." "CLEMMIE WOULD NOW TAKE THAT ROLE." "JENNIE REMAINED A LEADING FIGURE IN LONDON SOCIETY" "AND THE FOCUS OF MUCH NEWSPAPER ATTENTION." "SHE MARRIED TWICE AFTER RANDOLPH." "BOTH HUSBANDS WERE 20 YEARS YOUNGER THAN HERSELF" "THE LAST EVEN YOUNGER THAN HER SON." "Martin:" "SHE SAID, "MY SECOND MARRIAGE WAS ROMANTIC" ""BUT NOT SUCCESSFUL." "MY THIRD MARRIAGE WAS SUCCESSFUL BUT NOT ROMANTIC."" "AS A MATTER OF FACT, I TALKED TO HER THIRD HUSBAND" "JUST BEFORE HE DIED." "HE SAID, "I KNOW WHAT PEOPLE SAID" "YOU KNOW, MARRYING THIS YOUNGER MAN AND EVERYTHING."" "HE SAID, "I JUST WANT TO TELL YOU ONE THING," HE SAID TO ME." ""THERE WAS NEVER A DULL MOMENT."" "( gunfire )" "Narrator:" "JENNIE'S SON, WINSTON, WAS HOME SECRETARY" "WHEN IN 1911 HE DISCOVERED THAT HIS LIBERALISM HAD ITS LIMITS." "A GROUP OF ANARCHISTS WERE BESIEGED" "AT A HOUSE IN EAST LONDON." "HE RUSHED TO THE SCENE AND TOOK CHARGE." "DURING THE SIEGE, THE HOUSE CAUGHT FIRE." "CHURCHILL HELD BACK THE FIRE BRIGADE" "UNTIL THE HOUSE WAS WELL ABLAZE." "TWO MEN DIED INSIDE." "WINSTON WROTE TO PRIME MINISTER ASQUITH..." "Churchill ( dramatized ):" ""I THOUGHT IT BETTER TO LET THE HOUSE BURN DOWN" ""THAN SPEND GOOD BRITISH LIVES" "IN RESCUING THOSE FEROCIOUS RASCALS."" "Narrator:" "FORCEFUL AND CONFIDENT" "CHURCHILL WAS AT THE HEIGHT OF HIS POWERS." "AGED ONLY 36, HE WAS APPOINTED FIRST LORD OF THE ADMIRALTY." "WAR WITH GERMANY WAS APPROACHING, AND FOR FOUR YEARS" "HE DIRECTED THE MOST POWERFUL NAVY IN THE WORLD." "WHEN WORLD WAR I BROKE OUT, THE FLEET WAS READY." "( explosions )" "IN A BOLD MANEUVER TO OUTFLANK THE GERMANS" "CHURCHILL SENT THE ROYAL NAVY TO INVADE TURKEY" "GERMANY'S ALLY TO THE SOUTH." "A PREMATURE NAVAL ASSAULT FAILED." "LATER, WHEN THE ARMY LANDED" "THE TURKS WERE FOREWARNED AND READY." "( automatic gunfire ) 46,000 SOLDIERS OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE" "WERE SLAUGHTERED AT GALLIPOLI, IN THE DARDANELLES." "CHURCHILL HAD DESCRIBED THE OPERATION AS A GAMBLE" "AND THE GOVERNMENT HAD APPROVED IT." "ONCE IT FAILED, HE WAS FORCED TO RESIGN AS LORD OF THE ADMIRALTY." "HE SANK INTO A DEEP DEPRESSION" "BY FAR, THE MOST AGONIZING AND TRAUMATIC CRISIS" "POLITICAL CRISIS AND PERSONAL CRISIS" " IN HIS LIFE" "WAS AFTER THE FAILURE OF THE DARDANELLES EXPEDITION IN 1915." "MY FATHER WAS TORTURED BY THE LOSS OF LIFE" "BY THE MISCARRYING OF THIS OPERATION" "BY THE FAITHLESSNESS OF HIS POLITICAL CHIEF." "MY MOTHER USED THE WORDS TO MARTIN GILBERT:" ""I THOUGHT HE WOULD DIE OF GRIEF."" "I TALKED TO HER ABOUT THIS" "WHICH I DID ON A NUMBER OCCASIONS." "SHE SAID ONCE, "I THOUGHT WINSTON WOULD DIE OF GRIEF."" "AND IT WAS THE GRIEF OF BEING MISUNDERSTOOD" "AND ABOVE ALL, THE GRIEF THAT HE COULDN'T PARTICIPATE" "IN WHAT HE CALLED "THE WAR-MAKING POWER OF BRITAIN."" "AND SHE SHARED THIS BELIEF." "IT'S EXTRAORDINARY." "SHE PERHAPS FELT IT EVEN MORE STRONGLY" "THAN HE DID AT THAT TIME." "AND SHE WROTE A VIOLENT LETTER TO THE PRIME MINISTER" "WHICH HE DESCRIBED AS "A LETTER OF A MANIAC"" "IN WHICH SHE SAID, "WHY DO YOU GIVE UP WINSTON" ""WHO IS THE ONLY PERSON IN YOUR GOVERNMENT" "WHO HAS THIS POWER TO LEAD BRITAIN ON TO VICTORY?"" "Narrator:" "IF WINSTON COULD NOT BE PART" "OF THE GOVERNMENT'S WAR-MAKING MACHINERY" "HE WAS DETERMINED TO MAKE WAR HIMSELF." "AT THE AGE OF 42, HE SET OFF TO JOIN HIS BROTHER JACK" "FIGHTING IN FRANCE." "( explosions )" "Churchill ( dramatized ):" ""IT IS A WILD SCENE, FILTH AND RUBBISH EVERYWHERE." ""TROOPS OF ENORMOUS RATS CREEP AND GLIDE" ""TO THE UNCEASING ACCOMPANIMENT OF RIFLE AND MACHINE GUNS." ""AMID THESE SURROUNDINGS, I HAVE FOUND HAPPINESS AND CONTENT" "SUCH AS I HAVE NOT FOUND FOR MONTHS."" "Clementine ( dramatized ):" ""I LIVE FROM DAY TO DAY IN SUSPENSE AND ANGUISH." ""I CAN JUST BEAR IT, FEELING THAT YOU ARE REALLY HAPPY." ""I HAVE CEASED TO HAVE AMBITIONS FOR YOU" "JUST COME BACK TO ME ALIVE;" "THAT'S ALL."" "Narrator:" "IN 1915, WHILE CHURCHILL WAS COMMANDING A BATTALION IN FRANCE" "HE AND CLEMMIE WROTE TO EACH OTHER NEARLY EVERY DAY." "EVEN FROM THE BATTLEFIELD" "HE PRESSED CLEMMIE TO LOBBY HIS POLITICAL FRIENDS." "SHE FOUND IT HARD TO KEEP UP WITH HIS INSTRUCTIONS." "Clementine ( dramatized ):" ""DON'T SCOLD ME FOR BEING A HERMIT." ""HERE IN TWO DAYS I HOBNOBBED WITH MONTAGU, BIRRELL" ""LLOYD GEORGE AND A SOUTH AFRICAN POTENTATE!" ""TOMORROW NIGHT I AM DINING WITH CASSEL." ""PLEASE SEND HOME THE DISTINGUISHED CONDUCT MEDAL" "AT ONCE, AND MUCH PRAISE."" "Churchill ( dramatized ):" ""YOU HAVE INDEED BEEN ACTIVE SEEING ALL THOSE PEOPLE." "PERSEVERE, THE DISTINGUISHED CONDUCT MEDAL IS YOURS."" "Narrator:" "IN JUNE 1916, WINSTON RETURNED HOME TO CLEMMIE" "AND TO THE POLITICAL FRAY." "THE TORIES WERE STILL DEEPLY HOSTILE TO CHURCHILL." "BUT HIS OLD ALLY LLOYD GEORGE WAS NOW PRIME MINISTER" "AND BROUGHT CHURCHILL BACK INTO HIS COALITION GOVERNMENT" "AS MINISTER OF MUNITIONS." "Grigg:" "HE ALWAYS FELT" "THAT CHURCHILL SHOULD BE BACK BECAUSE OF HIS TALENTS." "HE FELT YOU COULDN'T AFFORD" "TO HAVE SOMEBODY AS TALENTED AS THAT OUTSIDE THE GOVERNMENT." "THERE WAS SUCH AN OUTCRY FROM THE CONSERVATIVES" "THAT FOR A TIME IT LOOKED" "AS THOUGH THE GOVERNMENT MIGHT FALL." "I MEAN, HE NEARLY BROKE THE GOVERNMENT" "BY BRINGING CHURCHILL BACK, BUT HE GOT AWAY WITH IT." "Narrator:" "WHEN THE WAR ENDED" "LLOYD GEORGE PUT CHURCHILL IN CHARGE OF THE WAR MINISTRY." "WHILE LLOYD GEORGE WAS AWAY AT THE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS" "CHURCHILL COMMITTED BRITISH TROOPS" "TO FIGHT WITH THE ANTI-BOLSHEVIK ARMIES IN RUSSIA." "IT WAS ANOTHER DISASTROUS MISTAKE." "HIS CAREER ALREADY CRIPPLED BY MEMORIES OF GALLIPOLI" "CHURCHILL'S INTERVENTION IN RUSSIA" "REAWAKENED PUBLIC FEARS ABOUT HIS JUDGMENT." "Cannadine:" "CHURCHILL HATED BOLSHEVISM." "IN ONE SENSE, THAT IS THE BEST OF CHURCHILL." "HE WAS EARLY ON TO NOTICE" "THAT THERE WERE MANY THINGS ABOUT THE BOLSHEVIK REGIME" "WHICH WERE PRETTY UNPLEASANT" "BUT IT WAS ALSO THE WORST OF CHURCHILL IN THAT IN A SENSE" "WHAT WENT ON IN RUSSIA WAS NONE OF HIS BUSINESS" "AND THAT THE LAST THING ANYBODY IN BRITAIN WANTED" "HAVING HAD ONE WAR AGAINST GERMANY" "WHICH HAD COST HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF LIVES" "WAS NOW TO START ANOTHER WAR AGAINST RUSSIA." "AND IN THAT SENSE, IT WAS TOTALLY LUDICROUS" "AND HE GOT THE WHOLE THING COMPLETELY OUT OF PROPORTION." "Narrator:" "THE CABINET FORCED CHURCHILL TO WITHDRAW THE TROOPS FROM RUSSIA." "THIS POLITICAL HUMILIATION WAS FOLLOWED BY A FAMILY TRAGEDY." "IN JUNE 1921, WINSTON'S 67-YEAR-OLD MOTHER, JENNIE" "HAD A FALL AND HAD TO HAVE HER LEG AMPUTATED." "WHILE CONVALESCING, SHE SUFFERED A SUDDEN HEMORRHAGE." "WINSTON RAN THROUGH THE STREETS IN HIS PAJAMAS" "TO REACH HIS MOTHER." "IT WAS TOO LATE." "BY NOW, WINSTON AND CLEMMIE HAD FOUR CHILDREN." "DIANA WAS BORN IN 1909" "FOLLOWED TWO YEARS LATER BY A BOY, RANDOLPH." "SARAH WAS BORN IN 1914" "BABY MARIGOLD, IN 1919." "IN AUGUST 1921, THE CHILDREN WERE ON HOLIDAY WITH THEIR NANNY" "WHEN MARIGOLD DEVELOPED A SORE THROAT." "SHE BECAME GRAVELY ILL WITH SEPTICEMIA." "WINSTON AND CLEMMIE RUSHED TO MARIGOLD'S BEDSIDE" "AS HER LIFE SLIPPED AWAY." "SHE WAS TWO YEARS AND NINE MONTHS." "Browne:" "HIS DAUGHTER, MARIGOLD" "DIED AS A SMALL GIRL, A VERY SMALL GIRL" "AND I ALWAYS THOUGHT THAT THOSE WHO SAID" "THAT HE WAS NOT VERY INTERESTED" "AND DIDN'T CARE VERY MUCH FOR HIS FAMILY" "OUGHT TO HAVE HEARD HIM TELL OF HER DEATH" "WHICH HE DID MANY, MANY YEARS LATER" "IN THE 1950s, TO ME ONE NIGHT." "I'M TRYING TO REMEMBER HIS WORDS." "HE SAID... "SHE SAID, 'SO TIRED,' AND DIED."" "AND HE SAID CLEMMIE SCREAMED AS THOUGH SHE WAS UNDER TORTURE." "Narrator:" "A YEAR LATER, THEIR FIFTH CHILD, MARY, WAS BORN." "CLEMMIE WAS NOW ANXIOUS" "THAT THE COUPLE SHOULD ESTABLISH A MORE SETTLED HOME" "FOR THEIR GROWING FAMILY." "CHARACTERISTICALLY, WINSTON MADE THE DECISION BY HIMSELF." "HE WOULD BUY CHARTWELL MANOR, IN KENT." "Soames:" "WHEN SHE FIRST SAW CHARTWELL AND THE BEAUTIFUL VALLEY" "SHE LIKED IT AND THOUGHT IT WAS A WONDERFUL VIEW" "BUT WHEN SHE CAME TO LOOK AT THE VERY RUNDOWN VICTORIAN HOUSE" "AND REALIZED WITH HER SCOTTISH PRACTICALITY" "EVERYTHING THAT HAD TO BE DONE TO IT" "SHE WAS APPALLED AND HOPED MY FATHER WOULDN'T BUY IT." "HE ACTUALLY BOUGHT IT BEHIND HER BACK" "WHILE SHE WAS BUSY HAVING ME" "AND SHE NEVER QUITE FORGAVE HIM FOR IT, I DON'T THINK." "Narrator:" "THOUGH HE REVELED IN CHARTWELL" "CHURCHILL'S MIND SOON RETURNED TO HIS SHAKY POLITICAL BASE." "THE LLOYD GEORGE COALITION GOVERNMENT WAS COLLAPSING." "STRICKEN WITH APPENDICITIS" "CHURCHILL FOUGHT MOST OF THE 1922 GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN" "FROM HIS HOSPITAL BED AND LOST HIS SEAT IN PARLIAMENT." "THE LIBERALS WERE SPLIT AND THE TORIES RETURNED TO POWER." "CHURCHILL WROTE..." "Churchill ( dramatized ):" ""IN THE TWINKLING OF AN EYE" ""I FOUND MYSELF WITHOUT AN OFFICE" "WITHOUT A SEAT, WITHOUT A PARTY AND WITHOUT AN APPENDIX."" "Narrator:" "EVER THE OPPORTUNIST, CHURCHILL BEGAN TO FLIRT" "WITH THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY HE'D ONCE DESERTED." "BUT SOME TORIES WERE NOT ENTHUSIASTIC" "ABOUT MAKING PEACE WITH THE RENEGADE." "Peregrine:" "THE CONSERVATIVES THOUGHT HE WAS A LIABILITY" "AND WERE DETERMINED TO STOP HIM COMING BACK TO THE PARTY" "AND THEY STARTED THESE RUMORS." "A NASTY LITTLE BOY, WHOSE NAME I WON'T MENTION" "BECAUSE I THINK HE'S STILL ALIVE, CAME UP TO ME AND SAID" ""AH, MY DADDY SAYS THAT ALL CHURCHILLS ARE MAD" "AND HAVE HORRIBLE DISEASES."" "THIS WAS THE PROPAGANDA THAT THE CONSERVATIVE CENTRAL OFFICE" "WAS PUTTING OUT." "Narrator:" "WINSTON FOUGHT THREE ELECTIONS IN TWO YEARS" "EACH TIME IN A DIFFERENT CONSTITUENCY" "AND UNDER A DIFFERENT POLITICAL LABEL." "FINALLY HE WON IN WOODFORD" "WHERE HE CAMPAIGNED AS A CONSTITUTIONALIST" "WITH FULL CONSERVATIVE SUPPORT." "IMMEDIATELY AFTER VICTORY, HE REJOINED THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY." "TO GENERAL SURPRISE, THE NEW PRIME MINISTER, STANLEY BALDWIN" "ASKED THE BORN-AGAIN CONSERVATIVE" "TO BE HIS CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER." "CHURCHILL'S EYES FILLED WITH TEARS." "HE NOW HAD THE JOB HIS FATHER ONCE HELD." "Cannadine:" "CHURCHILL WAS OFTEN ACCUSED THROUGHOUT HIS LIFE" "OF BEING AN OPPORTUNIST, AND AS LORD BEAVERBROOK ONCE SAID" "HE'D HELD EVERY OPINION ON EVERY QUESTION." "THERE APPEARED TO BE A SENSE" "IN WHICH HE COULD JUST CHANGE HIS MIND ALL THE TIME" "JUST AS HIS FATHER HAD." "AND IN THAT SENSE, HE REALLY DID APPEAR TO BE" "AN UNSCRUPULOUS AND UNPRINCIPLED ADVENTURER." "ON THE OTHER HAND, THERE WERE, I THINK, CERTAIN THINGS" "THAT CHURCHILL DID BELIEVE IN ALL THE TIME." "HE DID BELIEVE IN THE GREATNESS OF BRITAIN" "HE DID BELIEVE IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE" "HE DID BELIEVE IN A CERTAIN SORT OF PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY" "AND WHILE THAT MAY NOT COUNT AS A VERY IMPRESSIVE" "OR ORIGINAL IDEOLOGICAL PACKAGE TO CARRY AROUND WITH YOU" "IT'S PROBABLY AS MUCH AS MOST POLITICIANS HAVE" "AND MAYBE EVEN MORE." "Narrator:" "ON BUDGET DAY, CHURCHILL WALKED TO THE HOUSE OF COMMONS" "ACCOMPANIED BY HIS FAMILY." "ONCE AGAIN, HE WAS THE FOCUS OF ATTENTION" "AT THE HEART OF BRITISH POLITICS." "AS CHANCELLOR, HE UNWISELY TIED THE POUND TO THE GOLD STANDARD" "WHEN THE ECONOMY WAS TOO WEAK TO SUSTAIN IT." "EXPORTS SLUMPED." "INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION FELL SHARPLY." "EMPLOYERS CUT WAGES AND LAID OFF WORKERS." "IT WAS A TIME OF INDUSTRIAL MILITANCY." "THE TRADE UNIONS CALLED AN UNPRECEDENTED GENERAL STRIKE." "Radio announcer:" "THIS IS LONDON CALLING THE BRITISH ISLES." "WITH ALL PUBLIC TRANSPORT PARALYZED" "THOSE WHO STILL HAD WORK TO GO TO HAD TO FIND THEIR OWN MEANS" "OF GETTING THERE." "THE GOVERNMENT'S APPEAL FOR VOLUNTEERS IS BEING ANSWERED." "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL EDITED" "THE GOVERNMENT'S PROPAGANDA BROADSHEET, THE BRITISH GAZETTE" "WITH HIS CUSTOMARY VIGOR." "HE URGED ALL-OUT RESISTANCE:" ""WE ARE AT WAR," HE WROTE." "Radio announcer:" "THIS IS LONDON CALLING THE BRITISH ISLES." "AFTER FIVE DAYS OF STRIKE, THE DEADLOCK CONTINUES." "Narrator:" "AFTER NINE DAYS, THE STRIKE WAS CALLED OFF." "THE UNIONS WERE DEFEATED." "THEY WOULD HAVE THEIR REVENGE ON CHURCHILL AND THE TORIES." "AT THE NEXT GENERAL ELECTION, AS THE ECONOMIC RECESSION DEEPENED" "THE COUNTRY VOTED AGAINST THE TORIES." "THE LABOUR PARTY FORMED A NEW GOVERNMENT" "WITH DIFFERENT PRIORITIES." "CHURCHILL SEEMED BEACHED BY THIS NEW TIDE." "ONE OF THE WAYS THAT CHURCHILL EVOLVES" "DURING THIS LONG SPAN OF TIME HE IS IN PUBLIC LIFE" "IS FROM BEING THE MAN WHO APPEARS TO BE" "ON THE SIDE OF THE UNDERDOG AND OF THE WORKING CLASSES" "IN THE LATE 1900s AND EARLY 1910s, WHEN HE'S A LIBERAL" "TO THE MAN WHO IS SEEN BY THE MID" " AND LATE 1920s" "AS A KIND OF BELLIGERENT CLASS WARRIOR." "ON THE LEFT HE WAS NEVER REALLY FORGIVEN" "FOR BEING, AS THEY SAW IT" "A UNION BASHER AT THE TIME OF THE GENERAL STRIKE" "AND HIS EARLIER CAREER" "AS A MAN MUCH CONCERNED ABOUT THE WELFARE OF ORDINARY PEOPLE" "WAS REALLY QUITE FORGOTTEN." "Narrator:" "CONTEMPORARIES SAW CHURCHILL" "AS AN ARISTOCRATIC RELIC OF A BYGONE ERA." "THOUGH HE RETAINED HIS SEAT IN PARLIAMENT" "HE WAS OUT OF POWER AND OUT OF SYMPATHY WITH THE TIMES." "HE RETREATED TO HIS COUNTRY HOME." "WINSTON UNDERTOOK THE REMODELING" "OF THE HOUSE AND GROUNDS AT CHARTWELL." "THE CHILDREN OFTEN HELPED WITH THE WORK." "RANDOLPH JOINED HIS FATHER" "IN WELCOMING THE STREAM OF INFLUENTIAL VISITORS" "WHO CAME TO CHARTWELL." "Peregrine:" "ANYONE WHO WAS ANYBODY IN THE WORLD" "SOONER OR LATER VISITED CHARTWELL." "AND I FOUND IT ABSOLUTELY EXHILARATING." "ONE CAME AWAY FROM CHARTWELL TRANSFORMED" "FULL OF..." "ANY WORRIES YOU HAD HAD DISAPPEARED" "AND LIFE LOOKED ROSY" "AND OPPORTUNITIES WERE AROUND ANY CORNER." "Narrator:" "LIKE HIS FATHER" "WINSTON HAD A WEAKNESS FOR UNPREDICTABLE COMPANY." "MUCH TO CLEMMIE'S HORROR, HE GATHERED AROUND HIM" "RAFFISH OUTSIDERS, NEWSPAPER MAGNATES, FINANCIERS" "AND POLITICAL ADVENTURERS LIKE F.E. SMITH" "WHO CAME TO CHARTWELL FOR LUNCH AND CONVERSATION." "RANDOLPH WAS ENCOURAGED TO JOIN IN THE DEBATES." "NOW, HE WAS..." "HE WAS SORT OF IN HIS TEENS" "AND WE'D HAVE..." "THERE WAS ALWAYS CELEBRITIES THERE" "PEOPLE LIKE, UH..." "LLOYD GEORGE OR F.E. SMITH AND SO ON" "AND THEY'D BE DEBATING A SUBJECT" "AND THEN WINSTON WOULD TURN TO RANDOLPH AND SAY" ""WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THIS?"" "I THINK MY FATHER WAS SO DETERMINED" "THAT THE DISTANCE THAT EXISTED" "BETWEEN HIS OWN FATHER AND HIMSELF" "WOULD NOT BE REPLICATED IN HIS SON'S LIFE" "AND HE REALLY DID GIVE HIMSELF TO BEING ACCESSIBLE TO RANDOLPH" "BY TALKING TO HIM, BY BEING A LOT WITH HIM" "AS MUCH AS HIS POLITICAL LIFE ALLOWED." "AND I THINK THAT, UM..." "EARLY ON, RANDOLPH GOT THE IDEA" "THAT HE WAS PERHAPS A BIT CLEVERER THAN HE WAS" "ALTHOUGH HE WAS CLEVER." "AND ANYHOW, I THINK MY FATHER THOROUGHLY SPOILT HIM." "Narrator:" "RANDOLPH LEFT OXFORD AFTER ONLY ONE YEAR" "BELIEVING HE COULD TEACH HIMSELF ALL HE NEEDED TO LEARN." "AT AGE 19, HE WENT ON A LECTURE TOUR OF THE UNITED STATES." "AS I AM SO YOUNG" "I HOPE IN THE TIME THAT I AM IN THE UNITED STATES" "TO BE ABLE TO EDUCATE MYSELF, AT LEAST A LITTLE" "IN SOME OF THE MORE IMPORTANT ELEMENTS AND VIEWPOINTS" "OF AMERICAN NATIONAL LIFE." "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL'S POLITICAL CAREER SEEMED TO BE DRAWING TO A CLOSE." "HIS HOPES FOR THE FUTURE LAY WITH RANDOLPH." "THERE WERE TWO WILLIAM PITTS, HE OBSERVED" "BUT THERE WOULD BE THREE CHURCHILLS." "THINGS ARE GOING FROM BAD TO WORSE." "GREAT MISMANAGEMENT AND WEAKNESS" "ARE CAUSING UNREST AND DISTURBANCE" "TO 300 MILLION PRIMITIVE PEOPLE" "WHOSE WELL-BEING IS IN OUR CARE." "Narrator:" "IN THE 1930s, INDIA" "THE BRITISH EMPIRE'S GREATEST POSSESSION" "WAS RACKED BY DEMONSTRATIONS FOR INDEPENDENCE." "WINSTON CHURCHILL HAD SPENT HIS FORMATIVE YEARS" "DEFENDING THE FRONTIERS OF INDIA." "WHEN THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT OFFERED LIMITED SELF-RULE" "TO THE NATIONALISTS, HE ATTACKED THEIR LEADER, GANDHI" "CALLING HIM A SEDITIOUS LAWYER AND A HALF-NAKED FAKIR." "James:" "THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA BILL ONLY GAVE THE INDIANS" "A VERY MODEST DEGREE OF SELF-GOVERNMENT" "BUT SO FAR AS CHURCHILL WAS CONCERNED, OF COURSE" "IT GAVE THEM MUCH TOO MUCH" "AND HIS IGNORANCE ON THE SUBJECT WAS MONUMENTAL." "HE HAD EMPHATIC VIEWS THAT HIS FATHER HAD" "THAT THE BRITISH RULE IN INDIA WAS WHOLLY BENEVOLENT" "AND THAT NOTHING SHOULD BE DONE TO DISTURB IT." "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL ONLY GATHERED" "A SMALL BAND OF DIEHARDS TO HIS CAUSE." "HE SEEMED OLD-FASHIONED AND UNTRUSTWORTHY" "AND A THREAT TO THE TORY LEADER, STANLEY BALDWIN." "ONE OF THE FEW WHO RALLIED TO CHURCHILL'S CAUSE" "WAS HIS SON, RANDOLPH." "IN HIS FIRST POLITICAL OUTING" "RANDOLPH RAN FOR PARLIAMENT IN LIVERPOOL" "OPPOSING THE GOVERNMENT ON INDIA." "Man:" "HE CAME AWAY WITH 10,000 VOTES" "WHICH, IN THE SPACE OF TEN DAYS, WASN'T DISCREDITABLE" "THE ONLY TROUBLE WAS HE SPLIT THE TORY VOTE" "AND LET THE SOCIALISTS IN" "AND THAT WAS SOMETHING" "THAT THE TORY PARTY MACHINE NEVER FORGAVE HIM FOR." "Narrator:" "IN A CRUEL TWIST OF IRONY" "RANDOLPH'S ZEALOUS LOYALTY TO HIS FATHER" "NOT ONLY HURT HIS OWN POLITICAL CAREER;" "IT ALSO DAMAGED CHURCHILL'S" "INCREASING HIS ISOLATION WITHIN THE TORY PARTY." "PEOPLE LIKE MY PARENTS, WHO WERE BACKWOOD TORIES" "NEVER TRUSTED CHURCHILL FOR A MINUTE." "THEY THOUGHT HE WAS AN ADVENTURER." "Man:" "IT'S PART OF THE RELATIONSHIP" "BETWEEN CHURCHILL AND THE TORY PARTY" "THAT THEY DIDN'T SEE HIM AS ONE OF THEMSELVES." "THERE WAS THIS INVALUABLE STREAK OF, SOME WOULD SAY, RUTHLESSNESS" "SOME WOULD SAY VULGARITY" "BUT IT WAS DIFFERENT FROM THE ORDINARY RUN" "OF ENGLISH GENTLEMAN TURNED INTO POLITICIAN." "Narrator:" "BUT HE LED A GENTLEMANLY LIFE AT HIS COUNTRY MANSION, CHARTWELL." "IT WAS HIS FORTRESS, REFUGE, WORKPLACE." "HERE HE CONCENTRATED ON WRITING" "HIS WELL-PAID BOOKS AND REGULAR NEWSPAPER ARTICLES." "THE ENTIRE HOUSEHOLD REVOLVED AROUND HIM." "BUT THE HOUSEHOLD WAS CHANGING AS THE CHILDREN LEFT HOME." "DIANA, THE ELDEST AND MOST DIFFIDENT" "ESCAPED INTO MARRIAGE IN 1932." "Newsreel announcer:" "THE WEDDING PROVED TO BE" "THE MOST POPULAR IN LONDON THIS SEASON." "THE DEPARTURE OF THE BRIDE AND BRIDEGROOM" "PRESENTED AN AMAZING SCENE." "Narrator:" "THE MARRIAGE WAS A FALSE START." "DIANA SOON MARRIED AGAIN" "THIS TIME TO THE RISING TORY POLITICIAN DUNCAN SANDYS." "HER SISTER SARAH" "AFTER SHOWING EARLY PROMISE AT CHARTWELL THEATRICALS" "WENT ON THE STAGE." "THERE SHE FELL IN LOVE WITH THE COMEDIAN VIC OLIVER 18 YEARS HER SENIOR." "SHE DECIDED TO MARRY HIM DESPITE HER PARENTS' DISAPPROVAL." "WHAT WERE YOU GOING TO TELL ME?" "I'VE GOT A GRAND IDEA." "UH-HUH, WHAT IS IT?" "LET'S GO TO YOUR HOUSE" "AND I'LL TELL YOU ALL ABOUT IT." "OH, WELL, I DON'T THINK WE CAN GO HOME." "YOU SEE, MY FAMILY..." "WHAT'S THE MATTER WITH THEM?" "WELL, NOTHING, ONLY IT'LL BE" "A BIT OF A CHANGE FROM ALL THIS." "DON'T YOU WORRY." "I'VE BEEN THROWN OUT OF BETTER HOMES THAN YOURS." "Narrator:" "RANDOLPH WAS SENT TO STOP THE WEDDING" "BUT THEY WENT AHEAD ANYWAY." "THIS MARRIAGE FAILED, TOO." "WINSTON AND CLEMMIE REMAINED LOYAL TO THEIR MARRIAGE" "BUT THEY WERE OFTEN APART." "CLEMMIE WENT OFF ON LONG TROPICAL HOLIDAYS." "Clemmie ( dramatized ):" ""MY DARLING, MY THOUGHTS ARE WITH YOU NEARLY ALL THE TIME" ""AND THOUGH BASKING IN LOVELY SUNSHINE AND BLUE SEAS" ""I MISS YOU AND HOME TERRIBLY." "TENDER LOVE, CLEMMIE."" "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL OFTEN STAYED WITH FRIENDS IN THE SOUTH OF FRANCE" "SOMETIMES ACCOMPANIED BY RANDOLPH." "Soames:" "MY MOTHER NEVER REALLY TOOK TO SOUTH OF FRANCE SOCIETY." "SHE WAS ALWAYS TERRIFIED" "THAT MY FATHER WOULD GAMBLE IN THE CASINO." "UM..." "HE LOVED GAMBLING" "AND HE DID GAMBLE" "AND HE LOST, ON AND OFF, QUITE A BIT OF MONEY." "MY MOTHER WAS IN THE SOUTH OF FRANCE WITH HIM" "ON ONE OCCASION" "AND MY FATHER HAD GONE OFF, MUCH TO HER DISGUST, TO THE CASINO" "WHERE HE WAS ON A WINNING STREAK." "AND WHEN SHE WOKE UP IN THE MORNING" "SHE FELT A SORT OF CRINKLY, CRUNCHY FEELING" "AND WHEN HE CAME BACK, HE'D COVERED HER ENTIRELY" "LIKE THE BIRDS IN THE FOREST COVERED THE SLEEPING CHILDREN" "WITH BANK NOTES." "Narrator:" "MONEY WORRIES PLAGUED CLEMMIE" "FOR CHARTWELL WAS A CONSTANT EXPENSE" "AND WINSTON WAS CONSISTENTLY EXTRAVAGANT." "DESPITE HIS VAST EARNINGS, HE WAS ALWAYS IN DEBT." "IT WAS A SUBJECT OF FREQUENT DISCUSSION IN THE FAMILY." "Peregrine:" "AT LUNCHEONS THEY DEBATED" "WHAT WERE THEY GOING TO CUT DOWN ON TO SAVE EXPENSES." "WELL, IT ENDED UP THAT WINSTON AND DIANA MUST STOP SMOKING" "THAT'S THE FIRST ECONOMY" "AND THEY DIDN'T DECIDE ANYTHING ELSE." "THAT WAS THE END OF IT." "Soames:" "I SUPPOSE HE ALWAYS HAD THIS FEELING" "WITHIN HIM THAT HE WAS LIKE A SILKWORM" "HE WOULD JUST REEL OUT MORE SPOOLS OF SILK." "Narrator:" "THE BIGGEST SPOOL" "WAS CHURCHILL'S BIOGRAPHY OF HIS ANCESTOR" "THE FIRST DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH." "CHURCHILL RELIVED MARLBOROUGH'S MILITARY CAMPAIGNS" "HAILING HIS GREATEST VICTORY AGAINST LOUIS XIV" "IN THE BATTLE OF BLENHEIM." "Churchill ( dramatized ):" ""MARLBOROUGH NEVER FOUGHT A BATTLE THAT HE DID NOT WIN" ""NOR BESIEGED A FORTRESS THAT HE DID NOT TAKE." ""HE HELD A GRAND ALLIANCE TOGETHER" ""NO LESS BY HIS DIPLOMACY THAN BY HIS VICTORIES." ""HE PRESERVED, BY HIS GENIUS, THE LIBERTIES OF ENGLAND" ""AND OF EUROPE AGAINST TYRANNY." "Narrator:" "WHILE ENGAGED IN ANCESTOR WORSHIP" "CHURCHILL ALSO LEARNED VITAL LESSONS FOR HIS OWN TIME." "IT WAS A CONTINUOUS THREAD" "RIGHT THROUGH HIS INTERPRETATION OF BRITISH HISTORY" "THAT BRITAIN COULD NOT FIGHT A EUROPEAN WAR ALONE." "THERE WOULD ALWAYS HAVE TO BE ALLIES." "Narrator:" "IN THE EARLY 1930s" "CHURCHILL BROODED ON THE DANGER OF A FUTURE EUROPEAN WAR" "CAUSED BY THE RISE OF NAZI POWER IN GERMANY." "RANDOLPH, HIS SON, NOW A JOURNALIST" "HAD ALREADY REPORTED ON THE MENACE OF HITLER." "Winston:" "MY FATHER WAS ALONGSIDE HIM" "TRAVELING IN HIS TRI-MOTOR FORD PLANE" "FOR THE ELECTION CAMPAIGN THAT WAS UNDER WAY IN GERMANY" "AND HE WITNESSED HITLER'S ARRIVAL IN THE STADIUM" "AND ALL THE NAZI STORM TROOPERS DOING THEIR SIEG HEIL" "AND IT WAS IN THE COURSE OF THOSE ARTICLES" "THAT QUITE CATEGORICALLY, MY FATHER" "AND HE WAS THE FIRST PERSON IN PUBLIC LIFE TO DO THIS" "STATED, "THE RISE TO POWER OF HITLER IN GERMANY" "MEANS WAR INEVITABLY BETWEEN BRITAIN AND GERMANY."" "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL PICKED UP THIS THEME." "GERMANY, HE WARNED, WAS ILLEGALLY REARMING" "AND WOULD SOON BE EQUAL IN STRENGTH TO BRITAIN:" ""THE GOVERNMENT MUST IMMEDIATELY INCREASE ITS DEFENSES" "TO MEET THIS THREAT."" "Churchill:" "THERE IS A NATION WHICH, WITH ALL ITS STRENGTH AND VIRTUE" "IS IN THE GRIP OF A GROUP OF RUTHLESS MEN" "PREACHING A GOSPEL OF INTOLERANCE AND RACIAL PRIDE." "NOW THEY ARE REARMING WITH THE UTMOST SPEED" "AND READY TO THEIR HANDS IS THIS NEW LAMENTABLE WEAPON OF THE AIR" "BEFORE WHICH WOMEN AND CHILDREN, THE WEAK AND FRAIL" "THE WARRIOR AND THE CIVILIAN" "THE FRONTLINE TRENCHES AND THE COTTAGE HOME" "ALL LIE IN EQUAL AND IMPARTIAL PERIL." "Narrator:" "INSIDE CHARTWELL, CHURCHILL RECEIVED A STREAM OF VISITORS" "WHO BROUGHT HIM SECRET INTELLIGENCE" "ABOUT BRITAIN'S WEAKNESS AND GERMANY'S GROWING AMBITIONS." "HE ALSO QUIZZED CLEMMIE'S COUSIN, DIANA MOSLEY" "WHO KNEW HITLER WELL." "Mosley:" "I WAS INVITED TO LUNCHEON BY THE CHURCHILLS" "BECAUSE HE WANTED TO HEAR ABOUT HITLER." "AND I SAID, "YOU MUST MEET HIM." ""IT WOULD FASCINATE YOU." "YOU CERTAINLY SHOULD GO THERE."" ""OH, NO," HE SAID, HE'D ALREADY MADE HIS MIND UP" "THERE WAS TO BE NO QUESTION." "Narrator:" "EVEN IN LIGHTER MOODS, HE DWELT ON THE NAZI PERIL." "Peregrine:" "HE'D BEEN GIVEN THE BLACK SWANS" "WHICH HE TOOK ENORMOUS PLEASURE IN" "BUT ONCE A YEAR, EMDEN GEESE WOULD FLY OVER" "AND LAND ON THE LAKE." "( geese honking )" "AND ONE YEAR THEY ARRIVED IN THE MIDDLE OF LUNCH" "AND THERE WAS A ROAR" "BECAUSE WINSTON WOULD FACE THE WINDOW SO HE COULD SEE OUT." "HE WOULD SAY, "THE NAZIS HAVE ARRIVED!"" "AND I THINK THERE WERE SOME GUESTS THERE" "AND WE WERE ALL ORDERED" "TO TAKE UP OUR PITCHFORKS OR KNIVES AND THINGS" "AND RUSH DOWN TO THE GARDEN-- IN THE MIDDLE OF LUNCH, I MEAN" "EVERYTHING INTERRUPTED-- TO DRIVE OFF THE NAZIS." "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL WAS OBSESSED WITH THE NAZIS" "BUT HIS WARNINGS WENT UNHEEDED." "HIS CREDIBILITY HAD BEEN ERODED BY HIS OWN EXCESSIVE RHETORIC." "HE'D REALLY DEBASED THE LANGUAGE OF ALARMISM" "BY DEPICTING GANDHI, FOR EXAMPLE" "AS SUCH AN EVIL, SINISTER FIGURE." "WHEN IT CAME TO THEN DESCRIBING HITLER OR MUSSOLINI" "WHO WERE GENUINELY SINISTER, PARTICULARLY HITLER" "PEOPLE DIDN'T BELIEVE HIM." "Narrator:" "THEN CAME THE FIRST SIGN THAT CHURCHILL MIGHT BE RIGHT." "HITLER INVADED THE RHINELAND." "CHURCHILL'S VOICE BEGAN TO BE HEARD." "Newsreel announcer:" "THE PAVILION AT BOURNEMOUTH" "SCENE OF THE NATIONAL CONSERVATIVE ANNUAL CONFERENCE." "THE TORIES ARE CONCERNED ABOUT BRITAIN'S DEFENSES" "AND SYMPATHIZE WITH THE VIEWS OF MR. WINSTON CHURCHILL" "A CHIEF ADVOCATE OF INCREASING THE ARMED FORCES OF THE CROWN." "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL HAD FORCED CONCESSIONS FROM THE CABINET" "AND THE CHANCELLOR, NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN" "NOW PLEDGED TO INCREASE ARMAMENTS." "...AND TO SEE THE GAPS IN OUR DEFENSES FILLED" "AT THE EARLIEST POSSIBLE MOMENT." "Narrator:" "THOUGH THE MESSAGE OF REARMAMENT BEGAN TO BE ACCEPTED" "THE MESSENGER WAS NOT." "WHEN CHAMBERLAIN BECAME PRIME MINISTER IN 1937" "HE DID NOT OFFER CHURCHILL A POSITION IN HIS CABINET." "CHURCHILL AND CHAMBERLAIN APPEARED" "TO BE ON A COLLISION COURSE." "THEN HITLER THREATENED TO INVADE CZECHOSLOVAKIA." "WAR LOOMED;" "THE COUNTRY WAITED ANXIOUSLY." "BELIEVING THAT HITLER COULD BE BOUGHT OFF" "CHAMBERLAIN FLEW TO NEGOTIATE A DEAL" "TO CARVE UP CZECHOSLOVAKIA." "THE AGREEMENT SIGNED IN MUNICH WAS WELCOMED IN BRITAIN" "FOR IT PRESERVED THE PEACE." "CHURCHILL DENOUNCED IT AS AN UNMITIGATED DEFEAT." "AS HITLER ENTERED GERMAN-SPEAKING CZECHOSLOVAKIA" "CHURCHILL CONDEMNED THOSE LEADERS" "WHO HAD THROWN A SMALL NATION TO THE WOLVES." "CHURCHILL WAS AT THE LOWEST POINT IN HIS POLITICAL FORTUNES." "HE WAS ALSO IN DEEP FINANCIAL TROUBLE WITH HUGE DEBTS" "AND HIS MAIN NEWSPAPER CONTRACT CANCELED" "BECAUSE OF HIS UNPOPULAR VIEWS ON HITLER." "CHARTWELL MIGHT HAVE BEEN SOLD" "IF A FINANCIER FRIEND HAD NOT COME TO THE RESCUE." "IN CONFLICT WITH HIS PARTY" "CHURCHILL WAS NOW SEEN AS AN OBSTACLE TO PEACE" "BY LEADERS LIKE LORD HALIFAX, WHO CHAMPIONED APPEASEMENT." "Man:" "PEOPLE SUCH AS LORD HALIFAX, AS FOREIGN SECRETARY" "TOOK THE VIEW THAT WINSTON WAS IMPERILING" "THE POSSIBILITY OF HIS IMPROVING ON ANY UNDERSTANDING WITH HITLER" "BECAUSE HITLER RESENTED WINSTON" "AND MADE IT VERY CLEAR THAT HE RESENTED HIM." "Narrator:" "THE CONSERVATIVES EVEN TRIED TO REMOVE CHURCHILL" "FROM HIS SEAT IN PARLIAMENT." "Gilbert:" "THE PARTY AS A WHOLE FELT ENOUGH WAS ENOUGH." "THEY'D HAD ENOUGH OF HIM." "AND ALL SORTS OF RUMORS BEGAN TO CIRCULATE" "INCLUDING RUMORS ABOUT HIS PRIVATE LIFE AND HIS DRINKING" "AND WE NOW KNOW FROM THE ARCHIVES" "THAT THESE CAME" "FROM EVEN AS HIGH AS CONSERVATIVE CENTRAL OFFICE." "CENTRAL OFFICE WAS, IN FACT" "TRYING TO PERSUADE THE LOCAL ASSOCIATION" "THAT, UM..." "CHURCHILL MUST AT LEAST BE SILENCED." "Narrator:" "IN MARCH 1939, THE GERMANS OCCUPIED PRAGUE." "CHURCHILL WAS PROVED RIGHT." "HITLER COULD NOT BE APPEASED." "A CAMPAIGN NOW BEGAN TO BRING CHURCHILL BACK INTO GOVERNMENT" "BUT CHAMBERLAIN CONTINUED TO RESIST THE PRESSURE." "THEN IN SEPTEMBER, HITLER INVADED POLAND." "BRITAIN COULD NO LONGER AVOID WAR WITH GERMANY." "AND CHURCHILL COULD NO LONGER BE KEPT OUT OF GOVERNMENT." "HE WAS NAMED FIRST LORD OF THE ADMIRALTY" "THE JOB HE'D HELD" "AT THE OUTBREAK OF WORLD WAR I 25 YEARS BEFORE." "ONCE MORE, CHURCHILL WAS" "AMONG THE MOST INFLUENTIAL AND VISIBLE LEADERS OF BRITAIN." "Newsreel announcer:" "THE FIRST LORD OF THE ADMIRALTY" "IS VERY MUCH THE GUEST OF HONOR AT HIS SON'S WEDDING." "( crowd cheering wildly )" "AND HERE COMES THE BRIDE" "THE HONORABLE PAMELA DIGBY, AGE 19." "THE BRIDEGROOM IS WITH HIS REGIMENT." "SO IT'S SWORDS AND SMILES, AND THE BRIDE IS HAVING" "QUITE A LOT OF TROUBLE WITH THAT FEATHER." "Narrator:" "RANDOLPH HAD RUSHED INTO MARRIAGE WITH PAMELA DIGBY" "AFTER A COURTSHIP OF TWO WEEKS." "HE WAS DETERMINED TO CARRY ON THE FAMILY LINE" "BEFORE THE FIGHTING STARTED." "IT COULD NOT START TOO SOON FOR WINSTON." "HE PLANNED TO SEND A NAVAL TASK FORCE" "TO PROTECT NORWAY FROM A GERMAN INVASION" "BUT THE GOVERNMENT DELAYED AND THE GERMANS GOT THERE FIRST." "THE CAMPAIGN WAS A COSTLY FAILURE." "PARLIAMENT BLAMED CHAMBERLAIN FOR THE DEFEAT." "HIS GOVERNMENT WAS ON THE VERGE OF COLLAPSE." "IN SEARCH OF A SUCCESSOR TO LEAD A NEW COALITION GOVERNMENT" "CHAMBERLAIN SUMMONED THE OLD APPEASER, LORD HALIFAX" "AND THE OLD WARRIOR, WINSTON CHURCHILL." "Cannadine:" "HE DID APPEAR TO BE A MAN WHO KNEW ABOUT HOW TO FIGHT A WAR" "WHO KNEW ABOUT GRAND STRATEGY." "HE WANTED TO DEFEAT HITLER." "HE WAS A MAN WHO HAD SEEN EARLIER THAN MOST" "THAT HITLER WAS EVIL." "SO IN MANY WAYS HE WAS BETTER QUALIFIED FOR THE JOB" "EVEN THOUGH, AT THE SAME TIME" "THERE WERE MANY PEOPLE WHO WERE REALLY HORRIFIED" "AT THE THOUGHT OF THIS WAYWARD AND UNSTABLE MAN TAKING OVER." "Narrator:" "CHAMBERLAIN PREFERRED LORD HALIFAX" "BUT HALIFAX SHRANK FROM LEADERSHIP." "Newsreel announcer:" "WE WELCOME THE NEW PRIME MINISTER, MR. CHURCHILL." "Narrator:" "ONLY THEN WAS CHURCHILL OFFERED THE JOB." "Man:" "HE ALWAYS REALIZED THAT THERE WAS SOME GREAT DESTINY" "AWAITING HIM IN THE FUTURE" "AND IT ALWAYS LOOKED AS IF IT WAS ABOUT TO HAPPEN" "AND IT NEVER DID." "THEN FINALLY, BUT FINALLY, IN 1940" "THE MOMENT OF DESTINY CAME." "AS THE NAZIS LOOK OUT TONIGHT" "FROM THEIR BLATANT, CLATTERING, PANOPLIED GERMANY" "THEY CANNOT FIND ONE SINGLE FRIENDLY EYE" "IN THE WHOLE CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE GLOBE" " NOT ONE." "Narrator:" "ON MAY 10, 1940, THE DAY WINSTON CHURCHILL BECAME PRIME MINISTER" "THE GERMAN ARMY STRUCK AGAINST HOLLAND, BELGIUM AND FRANCE" "WITH OVERWHELMING FORCE." "LESS THAN THREE WEEKS LATER" "CHURCHILL GAVE THE ORDER TO EVACUATE THE BRITISH ARMY" "TRAPPED BY THE ADVANCING GERMANS AGAINST THE SEA AT DUNKIRK." "NOW BRITAIN STOOD ALONE." "CHURCHILL HAD NOTHING TO HURL AT THE ENEMY" "SAVE WORDS OF DEFIANCE." "Churchill:" "WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE SEAS AND OCEANS." "WE SHALL FIGHT" "WITH GROWING CONFIDENCE AND GROWING STRENGTH IN THE AIR." "WE SHALL DEFEND OUR ISLAND WHATEVER THE COST MAY BE." "WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE BEACHES." "WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE LANDING GROUNDS." "WE SHALL FIGHT IN THE FIELDS AND IN THE STREETS." "WE SHALL FIGHT IN THE HILLS." "WE SHALL NEVER SURRENDER." "CHURCHILL REPRESENTED THE FEELINGS" "OF THE OVERWHELMING MASS OF THE BRITISH PEOPLE" "BETTER THAN ANYBODY ELSE" "AND HE PUT IT IN MAGNIFICENT LANGUAGE." "HE HAD ONE ASTONISHING QUALITY, AND THAT WAS, UM..." "TO AROUSE INSTINCTIVE AND IMMEDIATE ENTHUSIASM." "Woman:" "HE WAS A ROMANTIC WHOSE POWER LAY IN HIS CAPACITY" "TO MAKE MEN AND WOMEN DO THINGS" "THAT THEY DIDN'T KNOW THEY WERE CAPABLE OF DOING." "AND IT WAS A VERY, VERY STRONG" "AND VERY IMPORTANT POWER THAT HE HAD." "Narrator:" "INVASION WAS NOW A REAL POSSIBILITY." "Peregrine:" "IT WAS PRETTY OBVIOUS THAT IF HITLER HAD INVADED ENGLAND" "THE FIRST PEOPLE TO DISAPPEAR WOULD BE THE CHURCHILLS." "AND HE TOLD US, IN ALL SERIOUSNESS" "THAT IF THE GERMANS LAND" "UM..." "THEN..." "IF YOU ONLY HAVE THE KITCHEN KNIFE, USE IT" "AND IF YOU ACCOUNT FOR ONE GERMAN" "THAT WILL BE..." "YOU WILL HAVE DONE YOUR DUTY." "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL PREPARED FOR THE DEFENSE OF ENGLAND." "HE MOVED HIS GOVERNMENT UNDERGROUND" ""ARMED WITH BRANDY AND OTHER APPROPRIATE MEDICAL COMFORTS"" "AS HE LATER SAID." "HERE HE ORGANIZED HIMSELF FOR WAR" "DRILLING HIS ARMY OF ASSISTANTS AND SECRETARIES" "TO FALL IN WITH HIS EXTRAORDINARY HABITS OF WORK." "Man:" "HE WORKED ALMOST 24 HOURS A DAY" "WITH ONE OR TWO CATNAPS IN BETWEEN." "THAT TERRIFYING LITTLE TELEPHONE BELL WOULD GO" "A FEW MINUTES AFTER 8:00, WHEN THE DAY BEGAN." "ONE MIGHT WORK UP ALL DAY AND TAKE IT IN TURNS" "OR HAVING MORE OF US TO SHARE THE TASKS DURING THE DAY" "UNTIL EVENING TIME-- QUICK LUNCH, EVENING MEAL" "AND THEN TWO OF US, OR POSSIBLY THREE" "WOULD BE ON DUTY AFTER DINNER." "AND HE WOULD RESTART THE DAY ALMOST" "I MEAN, JUST START WORKING ANEW." "Woman:" "HE CAME DOWN TO THE OFFICE AT ABOUT HALF PAST 11:00" "AND THEN I HEARD A... ( imitating clearing throat )" "AND THEN HE STARTED, AND OFF HE WENT." "AND THE WORDS FLOWED OUT." "AND I WROTE AND WROTE." "AND AFTER A LONG TIME, HE TURNED ROUND ON ME" "AND HE SAID, "ARE YOU TIRED?"" "AND I SAID, "NO, NO, I'M NOT TIRED."" "AND HE SAID, "WE MUST GO ON AND ON" "LIKE THE GUN HORSES, TILL WE DROP."" "( siren )" "Narrator:" "IN JULY, BRITAIN CAME UNDER ATTACK." "HITLER LAUNCHED AN ALL-OUT CAMPAIGN TO GAIN CONTROL" "OF THE BRITISH SKIES, AS A PRELUDE TO INVASION." "AS THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN REACHED ITS CLIMAX" "CHURCHILL TOOK HIS DAUGHTER-IN- LAW, PAMELA, TO FIGHTER COMMAND" "TO WATCH THE BATTLE UNFOLD." "Harriman:" "IT WAS VERY FRIGHTENING" "BECAUSE YOU SAW THE WAVE OF THE LUFTWAFFE COMING OVER." "YOU SAW THE AIR SQUADRONS GOING UP TO MEET THEM" "THE INTENSE BATTLE THAT TOOK PLACE." "YOU SAW GRADUALLY ALL THESE BULBS" "WHICH INDICATED THE AIRCRAFT BASE GOING DARK." "THEY WENT DARK WHEN THERE WAS NO MORE AIRCRAFT TO COME UP" "AND SUDDENLY THEY WERE ALL DARK." "IF THE LUFTWAFFE HAD SPENT ANOTHER WAVE OF BOMBERS" "ACROSS TO ENGLAND AT THAT MOMENT" "THERE WAS NO AIRCRAFT LEFT TO GO UP AND INTERCEPT THEM." "( explosions )" "Narrator:" "HITLER COULD NOT DEFEAT BRITAIN IN THE AIR" "BUT HE DETERMINED TO BREAK ITS WILL." "IN 1940, AT THE HEIGHT OF THE LONDON BLITZ" "GERMAN BOMBS KILLED 7,000 CIVILIANS IN ONE SINGLE MONTH." "( siren )" "Churchill:" "LET US BRACE OURSELVES TO OUR DUTY, AND SO BEAR OURSELVES" "THAT IF THE BRITISH EMPIRE AND ITS COMMONWEALTHS LAST" "FOR A THOUSAND YEARS" "MEN WILL STILL SAY, "THIS WAS THEIR FINEST HOUR."" "Runciman:" "WE OWE IT TO CHURCHILL THAT WE WENT ON WITH THE WAR IN 1940" "WHEN THERE WAS QUITE A CONSIDERABLE MOVEMENT SAYING" ""WE'D BETTER GET OUT OF THE WAR."" "IT IS AS A FIGUREHEAD OF BRITISH RESISTANCE" "THAT WE OWE SO MUCH TO CHURCHILL" "AND THAT'S WHAT MAKES HIM A GREAT MAN, I THINK." "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL SEEMED TO BE EVERYWHERE" "SURVEYING THE DAMAGE, BUILDING UP MORALE." "CLEMMIE WAS OFTEN BY HIS SIDE." "THE REST OF THE FAMILY MOBILIZED." "SARAH WORKED ON PHOTOGRAPHIC RECONNAISSANCE." "MARY JOINED AN ANTI-AIRCRAFT BATTERY." "Soames:" "MY PAPA WAS TOUCHINGLY THRILLED" "IN THE SLOW UPWARD RISE OF HIS SOLDIER DAUGHTER." "AND WHEN MY BATTERY WAS IN LONDON, IN HYDE PARK" "SOMEBODY WHO WAS DINING WITH HIM ONE NIGHT SAID" ""YOUR FATHER SUDDENLY SAID, 'OOH, THERE'S AN AIR RAID." "LET'S GO AND WATCH MARY'S BATTERY IN ACTION!" "'"" "WHEREUPON HE LEAPT INTO THE CAR AND CAME TO THE BATTERY" "AND SAT PUFFING A CIGAR" "UNDER A LARGE NOTICE SAYING "NO SMOKING"" "WHICH EMBARRASSED ME APPALLINGLY" "BUT NOBODY ELSE SEEMED TO MIND VERY MUCH." "Narrator:" "LOOKING FOR ACTION IN THE FRONT LINE" "RANDOLPH WAS POSTED TO EGYPT" "WHERE HE JOINED THE LONG-RANGE DESERT GROUP." "BACK AT HOME, HIS WIFE, PAMELA, GAVE BIRTH TO A SON" "YOUNG WINSTON." "Harriman:" "I KNEW IT WAS VERY IMPORTANT" "FOR WINSTON TO HAVE A GRANDSON" "AND HE, OF COURSE, CAME UP AND SAW IT AT EVERY POSSIBLE MOMENT" "AND I REMEMBER HIM LOOKING AT THE CHILD AND SAYING" ""POOR, POOR KITTEN, POOR KITTEN." "A TERRIBLE WORLD TO BE BORN INTO."" "Narrator:" "HE HAD REASON TO BE DESPONDENT." "ROMMEL IN NORTH AFRICA HAD DRIVEN BRITISH FORCES BACK" "AFTER THEIR EARLIER SUCCESSES." "FOR MONTHS, THE BRITISH EMPIRE FOUGHT ALONE" "AS HITLER AND HIS ALLIES EXTENDED THEIR TYRANNY." "Churchill:" "IT IS UPON THIS FOUNDATION" "THAT HITLER, WITH HIS TATTERED LACKEY, MUSSOLINI, AT HIS TAIL" "AND ADMIRAL DARLAN FRISKING AT HIS SIDE, PRETENDS" "TO BUILD OUT OF HATRED, APPETITE AND RACIAL ASSERTION" "A NEW ORDER." "Narrator:" "THE NEXT VICTIM OF HITLER'S NEW ORDER WAS THE SOVIET UNION." "AS THE GERMAN ARMIES ADVANCED" "CHURCHILL FOUND HIS FIRST ALLY AGAINST HITLER." "Churchill:" "SO NOW THIS BLOODTHIRSTY GUTTERSNIPE MUST LAUNCH" "HIS MECHANIZED ARMIES UPON NEW FIELDS" "OF SLAUGHTER, PILLAGE AND DEVASTATION." "ANY MAN OR STATE WHO FIGHTS AGAINST NAZIDOM" "WILL HAVE OUR AID." "IT FOLLOWS THEREFORE THAT WE SHALL GIVE WHATEVER HELP WE CAN" "TO RUSSIA AND TO THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE." "Narrator:" "CLEMENTINE GAVE HER PERSONAL SUPPORT" "TO THE POPULAR CAMPAIGN TO AID RUSSIA." "THE PEOPLE OF RUSSIA HAVE SET UP A NEW STANDARD OF COURAGE" "AND OF ENDURANCE" "IN THE TERRIBLE SUFFERINGS THROUGH WHICH THEY ARE GOING." "IN MY HUMBLE WAY" "I WILL DO ALL I CAN, AND I WISH TO REPEAT" "THAT I AM PROUD TO HAVE BEEN INVITED" "BY THE RED CROSS OF SAINT JOHN TO HELP THEM IN THIS APPEAL." "Narrator:" "WELL-MEANING AS IT WAS, BRITAIN'S AID TO RUSSIA" "WAS LIMITED BY ITS OWN DESPERATE NEED FOR HELP." "ONLY THE UNITED STATES COULD HELP BRITAIN." "HARRY HOPKINS, PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE" "OF PRESIDENT FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT" "WAS SENT TO LONDON, ALONG WITH SPECIAL ENVOY AVERELL HARRIMAN." "THESE WERE FRIENDLY GESTURES." "BUT AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION, HOSTILE TO WAR" "RESTRICTED ROOSEVELT'S FREEDOM OF ACTION." "IN A SECRET CORRESPONDENCE" "WHICH HE HAD CONDUCTED SINCE 1939, CHURCHILL PLEADED FOR AID." "Churchill ( dramatized ):" "MOST SECRET AND PERSONAL" "PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT, FROM FORMER NAVAL PERSON." "I TRUST YOU REALIZE, MR. PRESIDENT" "THAT THE VOICE AND FORCE OF THE UNITED STATES" "MAY COUNT FOR NOTHING IF THEY ARE WITHHELD TOO LONG." "YOU MAY HAVE A COMPLETELY SUBJUGATED, NAZIFIED EUROPE" "ESTABLISHED WITH ASTONISHING SWIFTNESS" "AND THE WEIGHT MAY BE MORE THAN WE CAN BEAR." "WE MUST ASK THEREFORE, AS A MATTER OF LIFE AND DEATH" "TO BE REINFORCED WITH THESE DESTROYERS." "WHEN NEGOTIATIONS BEGAN TO TRY TO CLAW OUT OF THE AMERICANS" "SOME MILITARY HELP AND SOME DESTROYERS AND SOME AMMUNITION" "THE AMERICANS MADE IT VERY DIFFICULT." "THEY MADE EVERY STAGE OF THE NEGOTIATION DIFFICULT." "AT FIRST, WE HAD SAID, "CASH AND CARRY."" "WELL, BRITAIN WAS GOING BROKE PAYING FOR THE WAR." "THEY DIDN'T HAVE ENOUGH BANK RESOURCES" "TO PAY FOR ALL THE ARMS WE WERE GETTING READY TO SEND THEM." "BUT THEN AS TIME WENT ON, ROOSEVELT WAS ABLE FINALLY" "I THINK VERY MUCH DRAWING ON THE PERSONALITY OF CHURCHILL" "TO GET THROUGH THE "LEND-LEASE"" "WHICH WAS A TERRIBLY IMPORTANT THING." "Narrator:" "WHEN CONGRESS PASSED LEND-LEASE" "CHURCHILL GOT MUCH OF THE HELP HE SOUGHT" "BUT WHAT HE REALLY WANTED WAS AMERICA TO JOIN BRITAIN AT WAR." "IN AUGUST 1941, CHURCHILL SAILED TO NEWFOUNDLAND" "FOR SECRET TALKS WITH PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT." "TO THIS DAY, THE MEETING AT PLACENTIA BAY STANDS" "AS A SYMBOL OF ANGLO-AMERICAN UNITY." "All:" "ONWARD, CHRISTIAN SOLDIERS" "MARCHING AS TO WAR" "WITH THE CROSS OF JESUS GOING ON BEFORE." "( airplane droning )" "PSYCHOLOGICALLY, I THINK IT MADE PEOPLE THINK" "IN TERMS OF "US TOGETHER."" "IT WAS A VERY, VERY EXCELLENT P.R. MOVE" "ESPECIALLY ON CHURCHILL'S PART." "Narrator:" "BUT TO CHURCHILL'S DISMAY" "THE AMERICANS STILL SHOWED NO SIGNS OF ENTERING THE WAR." "THEN, THE EVENING OF DECEMBER 7, 1941" "AT CHEQUERS, THE PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICIAL RESIDENCE" "EVERYTHING CHANGED." "THE CHURCHILLS WERE DINING" "WITH THE AMERICAN AMBASSADOR, GIL WINANT" "SPECIAL ENVOY AVERELL HARRIMAN" "AND HARRIMAN'S DAUGHTER, KATHLEEN." "THE WAR WAS NOT GOING WELL" "AND A LOT OF THE TIME, HE SAT-- AND I WAS SITTING NEXT TO HIM" "WITH HIS HEAD IN HIS HANDS." "AT 9:00, SAWYERS, HIS BUTLER, CAME IN WITH THIS LITTLE RADIO" "WITH A FLIP TOP..." "Harriman:" "AND WE LISTENED TO THE NEWS" "AND IT WASN'T TILL TOWARDS THE END OF THE NEWS" "THAT SUDDENLY THERE WAS AN INTERRUPTION SAYING" ""THERE'S BEEN WORD OF THE BOMBING OF..."" "AND NOBODY QUITE GOT IT." "IN FACT, TOMMY THOMPSON, THE NAVAL AIDE WHO WAS AT DINNER" "SAID "PEARL RIVER."" "BUT AVERELL HARRIMAN SAID, "NO, I THINK IT WAS PEARL HARBOR."" "AND AT THAT MOMENT, ONE OF THE SECRETARIES CAME IN TO SAY" "THAT THE ADMIRALTY HAD CONFIRMED" "THAT PEARL HARBOR HAD BEEN BOMBED." "SO WINSTON, ACCOMPANIED BY HARRIMAN AND WINANT" "WENT OUT OF THE ROOM, SAYING" ""I MUST IMMEDIATELY PLACE A CALL TO PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT."" "AND I GATHER THAT IN THAT CONVERSATION, HE SAID" ""WE ARE NOW BOTH IN THIS TOGETHER."" "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL WAS IN WASHINGTON" "WITHIN THREE WEEKS OF PEARL HARBOR." "GERMANY HAD DECLARED WAR ON THE UNITED STATES" "AND THE ALLIES HAD TO PLAN GRAND STRATEGY." "CHURCHILL IMPRESSED HIS OWN PERSONALITY" "ON HIS MOTHER'S NATIVE LAND." "I CANNOT HELP FROM REFLECTING" "THAT IF MY FATHER HAD BEEN AMERICAN" "AND MY MOTHER BRITISH, INSTEAD OF THE OTHER WAY AROUND" "I MIGHT HAVE GOT HERE ON MY OWN." "( laughter )" "( cheering )" "OH-HO, NO!" "WHEN CHURCHILL CAME TO THE WHITE HOUSE" "EVERYTHING WAS TURNED UPSIDE DOWN." "IT WAS MOSTLY A SHOCK TO MY GRANDMOTHER." "HE TENDED TO SLEEP IN IN THE MORNINGS" "HE TENDED NOT TO GO TO BED TILL VERY LATE" "HE HAD A NAP EVERY AFTERNOON, AND F.D.R. NEVER HAD A NAP" "AND THEN WOULD SIT UP WITH CHURCHILL LATE AT NIGHT" "AND SHE SAW THE TOLL THIS WAS TAKING ON F.D.R." "BUT F.D.R. ENJOYED IT." "HE ENJOYED IT VERY MUCH" "AND IN FACT I THINK IT REALLY IS PART OF THAT RAPPORT." "THEY DIDN'T SIT UP DOING POLICY;" "THEY WERE SITTING UP TELLING STORIES AND EXCHANGING THINGS." "BUT AT THE SAME TIME, WOVEN IN AND OUT OF THE JOKES" "WERE PERCEPTIONS OF HOW POLICY WOULD PROCEED." "Narrator:" "ROOSEVELT'S GENERALS WANTED TO INVADE NORTHERN EUROPE" "BUT CHURCHILL PERSUADED ROOSEVELT TO INVADE NORTH AFRICA" "WHERE THE BRITISH ARMY WAS ALREADY ENGAGED." "THE AMERICANS WERE DISMAYED." "Eisenhower:" "WE KNEW HE WAS A CANNY, WILY DEVIL, A MANIPULATOR." "HE WAS THE FIRST TO ADMIT THAT HIMSELF." "WE KNEW ABOUT HIS FAULTS" "BUT THERE WAS STILL SOMETHING ABOUT HIM." "HE COULD PULL OUT HUMOR, PATHOS." "HE WAS A TERRIFICALLY PERSUASIVE FELLOW." "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL'S ARTS OF PERSUASION WERE SEVERELY TESTED" "WHEN HE JOURNEYED TO MOSCOW TO SEE STALIN WITH AVERELL HARRIMAN" "PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT'S REPRESENTATIVE" "TO TELL THE SOVIET LEADERS" "THAT THERE WOULD BE NO SECOND FRONT IN FRANCE IN 1942." "THEY HAD URGENTLY DEMANDED AN INVASION OF EUROPE" "TO TAKE THE PRESSURE OFF THE BELEAGUERED RUSSIANS." "STALIN WAS FURIOUS, AND ACCUSED CHURCHILL OF COWARDICE." "CHURCHILL RESPONDED EMPHATICALLY." "Woman:" "HE WAS ANNOYED AND HE LOST HIS TEMPER" "AND HE STARTED TALKING ABOUT BRITAIN AND HIMSELF" "AND WHAT THEY'D DONE DURING THE WAR" "AND HIS POOR INTERPRETER, MAJOR BURSE" "JUST GAVE UP TRYING TO KEEP UP WITH THIS TORRENT OF WORDS." "AND STALIN SAID THROUGH HIS INTERPRETER" ""IT'S NOT NECESSARY;" "I KNOW WHAT HE SAID."" "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL WENT STRAIGHT FROM MOSCOW TO NORTH AFRICA" "TO CONFER WITH HIS COMMANDERS." "THE BRITISH HAD BEEN BADLY MAULED BY ROMMEL IN THE DESERT" "WITH HEAVY LOSSES." "IT WAS TIME TO RESHUFFLE THE GENERALS AND MAKE A FRESH START." "Man:" "CHURCHILL WAS EXTREMELY TOUGH" "WITH, UH..." "UH..." "WITH THOSE WHO COMMANDED IN THE DESERT." "THERE'S NO DOUBT ABOUT IT." "HE WAS RUTHLESS, UH, RIGHTLY RUTHLESS" "WITH LACK OF DRIVE, UH..." "LACK OF OOMPH IN THE DESERT WAR." "Narrator:" "HE PUT GENERAL MONTGOMERY IN CHARGE OF THE WHOLE CAMPAIGN." "THEN HE TURNED TO WHAT HE DID BEST" "BOOSTING MORALE AMONG THE TROOPS." "IN OCTOBER, THE BRITISH EIGHTH ARMY PUSHED ACROSS THE DESERT" "AND BROKE ROMMEL AT EL-ALAMEIN" "OPENING UP THE WHOLE NORTH AFRICAN COAST." "IT WAS THE FIRST MAJOR BRITISH VICTORY OF THE WAR" "AND THE LAST THEY WOULD WIN ALONE." "IT WAS THE VICTORY CHURCHILL HAD WAITED FOR" "AND HE EXULTED IN THE MOMENT." "( bagpipes playing "Scotland the Brave" )" "Churchill:" "NOW, THIS IS NOT THE END." "IT IS NOT EVEN THE BEGINNING OF THE END." "BUT IT IS PERHAPS THE END OF THE BEGINNING." "LATER DURING THIS VISIT" "WE WERE ONLY THERE A FEW DAYS" "HE SAID, "I WANT TO SAIL ROUND THE HARBOR"" "WHICH WAS FULL OF SHIPS THAT HAD BEEN SUNK." "SO I REMEMBER GETTING IN THIS SMALL BOAT WITH HIM" "AND WE WERE GOING IN AND OUT OF THE SHIPS" "WHICH WERE JUST BELOW THE WATER" "WERE JUST STICKING UP AT ODD ANGLES" "AND HE LOVED IT-- IT APPEALED TO HIM ENORMOUSLY." "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL RELISHED THE DRAMA AND THE DETAILS OF WARFARE." "AS PLANS WERE LAID" "FOR THE INVASION OF ITALY AND LATER FRANCE" "HE INTERVENED IN EVERY OPERATION." "HIS GENERALS WERE WORN DOWN." "THE GREATEST BURDEN FELL ON THE CHIEF OF STAFF, SIR ALAN BROOK." "Brook ( dramatized ):" ""HE NEVER FACES REALITIES." ""AT ONE MOMENT WE ARE REDUCING OUR FORCES" ""AND THE NEXT WE ARE INVADING THE CONTINENT WITH VAST ARMIES" ""FOR WHICH THERE IS NO HOPE OF EVER FINDING THE SHIPPING." "HE IS QUITE INCORRIGIBLE AND I AM QUITE EXHAUSTED."" "Narrator:" "HIS LACK OF GRASP SOMETIMES TROUBLED JUNIOR OFFICERS" "ACTUALLY ENGAGED IN THE FIGHTING." "HE DID TALK A LOT OF ROT ABOUT THE STRATEGIC ASPECT." "FOR EXAMPLE, HE DESCRIBED ITALY" "AS "THE SOFT UNDERBELLY OF EUROPE."" "IN FACT, IT WAS A VERY SPIKY SPINE" "BECAUSE THE FIGHTING THERE WAS PROBABLY THE, UH..." "MOST EXHAUSTING OF ANY CAMPAIGN IN THE WAR." "SO WE DIDN'T REALLY IN THAT SENSE TRUST HIS JUDGMENT." "James:" "ONE CAN DEPICT CHURCHILL AS AN INFURIATING MILITARY AMATEUR" "BLUNDERING AROUND AND UPSETTING PEOPLE UNNECESSARILY." "OR YOU CAN TAKE ANOTHER VIEW AND SAY" "THAT HE WAS THE ESSENTIAL GOAD, THE RISK TAKER" "RECOGNIZING DURING WAR, YOU HAVE TO TAKE RISKS" "THAT WAR ITSELF IS A GAMBLE." "Narrator:" "IN THE END, CHURCHILL NEVER OVERRULED HIS GENERALS" "AND HE NOW HAD TO DEFER TO HIS AMERICAN ALLIES." "WITH THEIR GREATER RESOURCES, THEY INCREASINGLY TOOK OVER" "THE PLANNING AND OPERATION OF THE WAR." "THE ALLIES MET FOR THE FIRST TIME WITH STALIN" "AT TEHRAN IN 1943." "THE BIG THREE TALKED STRATEGY, BUT PLAYED POWER POLITICS." "THE CLOSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHURCHILL AND ROOSEVELT CHANGED." "Man:" "PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT GOT IT INTO HIS HEAD" "THAT HE AND HE ALONE COULD DEAL WITH STALIN." "AND SO AT THE TEHRAN CONFERENCE" "HE PUBLICLY RATHER MADE UP TO STALIN" "AND RATHER SNUBBED WINSTON CHURCHILL." "Eisenhower:" "AT DINNER, STALIN MADE A PROPOSAL OR A TOAST" "THAT THE FIRST THING THAT THE ALLIES SHOULD DO AFTER VICTORY" "WAS TO LINE UP 50,000 TOP-RANKING GERMAN OFFICERS" "AND SHOOT THEM ALL." "WELL, OF COURSE, THAT VIOLATED CHURCHILL'S SENSE OF RIGHT" "AND HE GOT TERRIBLY UPSET." "ROOSEVELT CHIMED IN" "BUT HE CHIMED IN, TRYING TO MAKE A JOKE" "BUT HE SAID, "OH, LET'S REDUCE IT TO 49,000."" "CHURCHILL, ANGRY, GOES OUT IN THE NEXT ROOM" "AND WON'T REJOIN THE DINNER UNTIL STALIN HIMSELF WENT OUT" "AND REASSURED HIM THAT HE WAS ONLY JOKING." "Churchill ( dramatized ):" "THERE I SAT WITH THE GREAT RUSSIAN BEAR ON ONE SIDE OF ME" "AND ON THE OTHER SIDE THE GREAT AMERICAN BUFFALO" "AND IN BETWEEN THE TWO SAT THE POOR LITTLE ENGLISH DONKEY" "WHO WAS THE ONLY ONE WHO KNEW THE RIGHT WAY HOME." "Narrator:" "IN THE WINTER OF 1943, CHURCHILL ENTERED HIS 70th YEAR." "WORRIED ABOUT THE STRAIN OF HIS INCESSANT TRAVELING" "HIS DAUGHTERS WATCHED OVER HIM THROUGHOUT THE WAR." "HE HAD HEART SPASMS AND THEN PNEUMONIA." "Kinna:" "HE WAS WORKING FAR TOO HARD AND FAR TOO MANY HOURS PER DAY." "HE USED TO SMOKE-- EXCESSIVELY" " CIGARS" "AND, UM, HE WAS VERY ILL IN CARTHAGE." "HE HAD PNEUMONIA." "YOU KNOW, I HAD MY DOUBTS WHETHER HE WAS GOING TO RECOVER." "Clementine ( dramatized ):" ""YESTERDAY MORNING, JUST BEFORE MY ARRIVAL" ""BECAUSE HE FELT WELL AGAIN, HE WAS AS HAPPY AS A LARK" ""AND BEGAN TO SMOKE AGAIN, WHICH OF COURSE IS WRONG." "HE'S GAINING STRENGTH EVERY DAY BUT VERY SLOWLY INDEED."" "Narrator:" "WITHIN DAYS OF HIS ILLNESS" "HE HAD RESUMED CONTROL OF THE WAR EFFORT." "SARAH AND HIS SON RANDOLPH WERE WITH HIM." "RANDOLPH CAME OUT, UH..." "HE WANTED TO FIGHT." "HE WAS VERY, VERY COURAGEOUS" "AND, UH, HE..." "SO HE GOT HIMSELF ATTACHED TO AN ARMORED REGIMENT." "BUT WHEN THERE WASN'T ANY FIGHTING" "HE CAME BACK AND WAS RATHER A NUISANCE." "Kinna:" "AND IF HE WERE COMING TO ONE OF OUR CONFERENCES, MY HEART SANK" "BECAUSE HE ALWAYS SEEMED TO UPSET HIS FATHER OVER SOMETHING." "THEY WERE VERY, UH, CLOSE AND, UM..." "BUT IT'S JUST THEY DIDN'T WORK TOGETHER." "Man:" "THE SORT OF THING THAT RANDOLPH DID, UH..." "WAS TO TELL HIS FATHER HOW TO RESHUFFLE HIS GOVERNMENT:" ""YOU OUGHT TO GET RID OF HIM AND PUT HIM IN HIS PLACE."" "IT GOT TO THE POINT WHERE, UH, THEY WOULD HAVE" "SUCH HUMDINGERS OF ROWS" "THAT MY GRANDMOTHER BANNED MY FATHER AT ONE STAGE" "FROM 10 DOWNING STREET DURING THE WAR" "BECAUSE SHE WAS FRIGHTENED" "THAT IT WOULD GIVE MY GRANDFATHER A HEART ATTACK." "( gunfire and explosions )" "Narrator:" "IN JUNE 1944" "THE LONG-AWAITED INVASION OF EUROPE TOOK PLACE." "FROM THEIR NORMANDY BEACHHEAD" "THE ALLIED ARMIES ADVANCED ACROSS EUROPE" "PUSHING THE GERMANS BACK" "AGAINST THE RUSSIANS ADVANCING FROM THE EAST." "BY THE TIME CHURCHILL ARRIVED AT YALTA IN FEBRUARY 1945" "TO CONFER WITH STALIN AND ROOSEVELT" "HE WAS THE LEADER OF AN EXHAUSTED AND BANKRUPT NATION." "BRITAIN, WHO HAD ONCE STOOD ALONE AGAINST HITLER" "HAD PAID DEARLY FOR ITS DEFIANCE." "Keegan:" "CHURCHILL PROBABLY WENT TO YALTA IN AN OPTIMISTIC FRAME OF MIND" "BUT HE BECAME DEPRESSED DURING THE COURSE OF THE CONFERENCE." "IT BECAME OBVIOUS TO HIM THAT, UH, IT WASN'T NOW A BIG THREE." "IT WAS A BIG 2 ." "HE WAS THE HALF." "HE SAW ROOSEVELT AND STALIN AGREEING ON THINGS" "WHICH CHURCHILL FELT INIMICAL TO BRITISH INTERESTS" "OR INIMICAL TO THE VISION OF THE WORLD WHICH HE WANTED" "AND THAT, THAT PAINED HIM GREATLY, I THINK." "Narrator:" "STALIN WAS UNYIELDING." "WHEREVER THE RED ARMY HAD ADVANCED" "THE SOVIETS WOULD BE A DOMINANT INFLUENCE." "ROOSEVELT WAS IN NO STATE TO RESIST." "HE HAD ONLY TWO MONTHS TO LIVE." "CHURCHILL WAS FULL OF FOREBODING." "I DON'T THINK HE HAD MANY ILLUSIONS" "AND HE USED TO SAY AT TIMES, IN COMMITTEE" ""WE SHALL END WITH THE BARBARIANS" "IN THE HEART OF EUROPE."" "Narrator:" "BUT THESE WERE CONCERNS FOR THE FUTURE." "AS CHURCHILL RODE WITH THE ALLIED ARMIES" "INTO THE RUINS OF HITLER'S REICH" "HE HAD ACHIEVED HIS PRINCIPAL AIM:" "VICTORY AT ALL COSTS." "HOSTILITIES WILL END OFFICIALLY" "AT ONE MINUTE AFTER MIDNIGHT TONIGHT" "TUESDAY, THE EIGHTH OF MAY." "WE MAY ALLOW OURSELVES A BRIEF PERIOD OF REJOICING." "Narrator:" "MAY 8, 1945" " V-E DAY." "AFTER NEARLY SIX YEARS OF WAR, VICTORY IN EUROPE WAS A REALITY." "( celebratory music playing )" "WINSTON CHURCHILL COULD HARDLY SAVOR THE MOMENT." "THE COALITION GOVERNMENT HE'D LED THROUGH THE WAR" "WAS ABOUT TO DISSOLVE." "UNTIL ELECTIONS TOOK PLACE ON JULY 5" "CHURCHILL WOULD ATTEND TO THE BUILDING OF PEACE IN EUROPE" "AND TO THE WAGING OF WAR ON JAPAN" "WHILE FIGHTING A POLITICAL CAMPAIGN." "( crowd cheering )" "Man:" "WELL, HE DID A TOUR OF THE WHOLE COUNTRY" "AND PRESTON WAS A CONVENIENT STOPPING PLACE" "FOR HIM TO MAKE A SPEECH." "WE TOOK HIM THROUGH THE LITTLE VILLAGES AND TOWNS" "TO PRESTON ITSELF, WHERE THERE WAS A CROWD OF 20,000" "I'VE NEVER SEEN SUCH A CROWD IN ENGLAND" "WAITING IN THE MAIN SQUARE OUTSIDE THE PUBLIC LIBRARY." "IT WAS AN EXTRAORDINARY CAVALCADE." "PEOPLE CAME OUT AND CHEERED." "CRIPPLES CAME OUT WITH A UNION JACK ON THEIR CRUTCHES." "ALL MADLY PRO-WINSTON." "Narrator:" ""NOBODY WHO HAD SEEN WHAT I HAVE SEEN COULD HAVE ANY DOUBT" "AS TO THE OUTCOME OF THE ELECTIONS"" "CHURCHILL TOLD A FRIEND." "BUT CAMPAIGNING AT WINSTON'S SIDE" "CLEMENTINE HARBORED DOUBTS." "FOUR OR FIVE ROWS BACK, SHE REMARKED" "THERE WERE WATCHFUL, EVEN HOSTILE, FACES." "THERE WAS A LOT OF FEELING" "IN THE FORCES AND IN THE FACTORIES" "THAT WE WANTED TO MAKE A FRESH START" "THAT WE WERE NOT HAPPY WITH THE DEPRESSION YEARS" "THAT WE WERE NOT HAPPY WITH THE TIMES OF UNEMPLOYMENT" "AND THAT WE OUGHT TO BE TRYING TO MAKE A NEW START." "THERE WAS A LONG BACKGROUND IN THE '30s" "OF EXTREME POVERTY, VERY HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT" "ALL UNDER A COALITION GOVERNMENT" "WHICH HAD BEEN PREDOMINANTLY CONSERVATIVE" "AND THE FEELING WAS THAT IF THE TORIES GOT BACK" "IT WOULD MEAN REVERSION TO MANY OF THE MISERIES OF THE '30s." "Film announcer:" "MORE THAN 350,000 FAMILIES IN ENGLAND AND WALES" "ARE LIVING IN UNSANITARY AND CROWDED HOMES LIKE THESE." "IN LONDON ALONE, 70,000 FAMILIES, OFTEN MANY IN A BED." "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL COULD HAVE IMPROVED HIS PARTY'S IMAGE" "BY ENDORSING THE BEVERIDGE REPORT" "A POPULAR PLAN CALLING ON GOVERNMENT" "TO CREATE A WELFARE STATE." "WE MUST STRIVE TO GIVE EVERYBODY GREATER SECURITY" "AGAINST POVERTY, UNEMPLOYMENT, SICKNESS AND OLD AGE." "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL HESITANTLY ECHOED THE DEMANDS FOR REFORM." "BUT HIS VAGUE PROMISES FELL SHORT OF A COMMITMENT" "AND WERE OVERSHADOWED BY HIS BELLIGERENT ATTACKS" "AGAINST HIS FORMER ALLIES IN THE LABOUR PARTY." "Churchill:" "NO SOCIALIST SYSTEM CAN BE ESTABLISHED" "WITHOUT A POLITICAL POLICE." "THEY WOULD HAVE TO FALL BACK ON SOME FORM OF GESTAPO." "Foot:" "THE COUNTRY HAD SEEN" "A GOOD WAR VICTORY RUN BY CHURCHILL" "AND HIS COLLEAGUES IN THE CABINET" "ERNEST BEVIN AND ATTLEE AND THE OTHERS" "WHO'D BEEN SITTING THERE HELPING TO WIN THE WAR" "AND ALTHOUGH CHURCHILL HAD PLAYED" "THE MOST PROMINENT PART IN THAT" "SOME OF HIS COLLEAGUES THERE HAD PLAYED A VERY BIG PART, TOO." "AND FOR CHURCHILL TO COME OUT THEN THE NEXT DAY, WEEK OR SO" "AND TALK AS IF MR. ATTLEE WAS GOING TO START" "TO RUN A NAZI GESTAPO-- WELL, IT WAS LUDICROUS." "WE LAUGHED AT IT, BECAUSE HERE WAS LITTLE ATTLEE" "WHO BEAVERBROOK SAID WHEN HE WAS IN THE CABINET" "NEVER SAID ANYTHING" "BUT "YES, SIR, YES, SIR" TO CHURCHILL ALL THE TIME" "APPARENTLY GOING TO ORGANIZE A GESTAPO." "WELL, IT WAS LUDICROUS, OF COURSE." "NOBODY BELIEVED IT AT ALL." "IT WAS A TERRIBLE GAFFE." "Narrator:" "ON JULY 5, SCARCELY TWO MONTHS AFTER V-E DAY" "BRITAIN WENT TO THE POLLS." "IT WOULD TAKE THREE WEEKS FOR THE RESULTS TO BE ANNOUNCED" "TO ALLOW FOR THE COUNTING OF BALLOTS" "CAST BY SOLDIERS FIGHTING THE JAPANESE AS FAR AWAY AS BURMA." "DECLARATION DAY, JULY 26." "Newsreel announcer:" "ELECTORS AT MR. CHURCHILL'S CONSTITUENCY..." "Narrator:" "MARY AND CLEMENTINE CHURCHILL ATTENDED THE VOTE COUNT" "AT CHURCHILL'S CONSTITUENCY." "AN INDEPENDENT CANDIDATE HAD COME FORWARD" "AS THE LABOUR AND LIBERAL PARTIES HAD REFRAINED" "FROM CHALLENGING CHURCHILL." "Soames:" "THE ONE CANDIDATE WHO WAS STANDING" "WAS A SORT OF UNKNOWN CRACKPOT" "AND AS WE CAME OUT OF THE COUNT" "MY MOTHER SAID, "THIS BODES VERY BADLY."" "SO I SAID, WELL, MY FATHER HAD A BIG MAJORITY." "SHE SAID, "YES, BUT THAT MAN NEVER OUGHT TO HAVE GOT" ""THAT NUMBER OF VOTES." "WE MUST HURRY HOME, WE MUST GET THE NEWS."" "AND AS WE CAME BACK INTO THE ANNEX..." "I HAVE TO EXPLAIN THAT THE MAP ROOM HAD BEEN TURNED INTO A ROOM" "WHERE MY FATHER COULD SIT" "AND RECEIVE THE RESULTS OF THE ELECTION." "AND AS WE CAME UP THE STEPS, I REMEMBER SO WELL" "HIS PRIVATE SECRETARY JOCK COLVILLE COMING DOWN" "WITH A FACE OF ABSOLUTE GLOOM" "AND SAID TO MY MOTHER, "IT'S A DEBACLE."" "Narrator:" "CLEMENT ATTLEE'S LABOUR PARTY HAD WON THE 1945 ELECTIONS" "IN A LANDSLIDE." "FOR WINSTON CHURCHILL" "WHO HAD LED BRITAIN THROUGH ITS DARKEST HOURS" "IT WAS A BITTER DEFEAT." "Soames:" "WE ALL REPAIRED, RATHER TAIL BETWEEN LEGS" "TO CHEQUERS FOR A LAST WEEKEND." "WE WERE MOSTLY FAMILY" "AND, UM, IT WAS NOT A VERY HAPPY WEEKEND." "WE PLAYED GRAMOPHONE RECORDS FOR MY FATHER." "IT WAS BEGINNING TO ENTER, REALLY, INTO HIM" "THE GREAT SORT OF, UM, PERSONAL HUMILIATION SIDE OF IT." "Narrator:" "AT THE END OF THE WEEKEND" "THE CHURCHILL FAMILY SIGNED THE VISITORS' BOOK AT CHEQUERS." "WINSTON SIGNED LAST." "UNDER HIS NAME, HE WROTE "FINIS."" "CLEMENTINE BORE THE BURDEN OF DEFEAT." "SHE WROTE TO HER DAUGHTER MARY..." "Clementine ( dramatized ):" ""I AM FINDING LIFE MORE THAN I CAN BEAR." ""HE IS SO UNHAPPY, AND THAT MAKES HIM VERY DIFFICULT." ""IN OUR MISERY, WE SEEM INSTEAD OF CLINGING TO EACH OTHER" "TO BE ALWAYS HAVING SCENES."" "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL'S FAVORITE DAUGHTER, SARAH, JOINED HER FATHER" "FOR A PAINTING HOLIDAY AT LAKE COMO, ITALY." "TWO DAYS AFTER ARRIVING, SHE WROTE TO HER MOTHER..." "Sarah ( dramatized ):" ""HE'S GOING TO START A NEW PICTURE TODAY." ""I REALLY THINK HE IS SETTLING DOWN." ""HE SAID LAST NIGHT, 'I'VE HAD A HAPPY DAY.'" "I HAVEN'T HEARD THAT FOR I DON'T KNOW HOW LONG."" "Churchill ( dramatized ):" ""I PAINT ALL DAY AND EVERY DAY" ""AND HAVE BANISHED CARE AND DISILLUSIONMENT." ""THE FIRST TIME IN MANY YEARS" "THAT I'VE BEEN COMPLETELY OUT OF THE WORLD."" "Narrator:" "BUT THE WORLD BECKONED." "IN THE CLOSING MONTHS OF THE WAR" "CHURCHILL HAD GROWN INCREASINGLY WORRIED ABOUT JOSEPH STALIN." "AS STALIN IMPOSED COMMUNIST RULE ON THE NATIONS OF EASTERN EUROPE" "CHURCHILL'S WORST FEARS WERE REALIZED." "IN MARCH 1946, AT THE INVITATION OF PRESIDENT HARRY TRUMAN" "HE SPOKE AT WESTMINSTER COLLEGE IN FULTON, MISSOURI." "Churchill:" "FROM STETTIN IN THE BALTIC" "TO TRIESTE IN THE ADRIATIC" "AN IRON CURTAIN HAS DESCENDED ACROSS THE CONTINENT." "BEHIND THAT LINE LIE ALL THE CAPITALS" "OF THE ANCIENT STATES OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE." "FROM WHAT I HAVE SEEN OF OUR RUSSIAN FRIENDS, I AM CONVINCED" "THAT THERE IS NOTHING THEY ADMIRE SO MUCH AS STRENGTH." "Man:" "IT WAS A WAKE-UP CALL" "AND MADE A LOT OF AMERICANS REALIZE FOR THE FIRST TIME" "THE PROBLEMS WE WERE FACING WITH THE SOVIET UNION." "NOBODY ELSE OTHER THAN CHURCHILL WOULD HAVE HAD THAT IMPACT." "NO AMERICAN SPEAKING WOULD HAVE HAD THE IMPACT" "THAT CHURCHILL DID AT THAT POINT" "SIMPLY BECAUSE OF THE ENORMOUS REGARD" "THAT THE AMERICAN PEOPLE HAD FOR WINSTON CHURCHILL." "Newsreel announcer:" "IT'S THE SAME WHEREVER HE GOES." "HIS APPEARANCE IN COPENHAGEN DRAWS ENORMOUS DANISH CROWDS." "TO THE NATIONS OF EUROPE" "HE REPRESENTS THE BRITAIN OF THEIR TRUST." "Narrator:" "AS ELDER STATESMAN, CHURCHILL COMMANDED THE WORLD STAGE." "HE WARNED OF RUSSIA'S THREAT AND CALLED ON EUROPE TO UNITE" "REVELING IN THE ADULATION" "OF THE MILLIONS HE'D HELPED LIBERATE." "BUT IT WAS AT HOME, IN CHARTWELL" "WHERE CHURCHILL WOULD FASHION HIS REPUTATION FOR HISTORY." "IN HIS STUDY, HE BEGAN TO WRITE HIS WARTIME MEMOIRS." "INTENDED AS A PERSONAL ACCOUNT" "CHURCHILL'S RECOLLECTIONS REMAINED FOR MANY YEARS" "THE DEFINITIVE HISTORY OF WORLD WAR II." "Cannadine:" "HE TOOK AWAY WITH HIM ALL OF HIS OFFICIAL PAPERS" "WHICH HE USED IN THAT SIX-VOLUME HISTORY" "IN A WAY THAT NO ONE ELSE WAS ABLE TO DO" "BECAUSE THESE PAPERS, APART FROM CHURCHILL USING THEM" "WENT INTO THE ARCHIVES AND WERE NOT GOING TO BE MADE AVAILABLE" "FOR THE NEXT BEST PART OF HALF A CENTURY." "SO CHURCHILL, IN A WAY, HAD A KIND OF MONOPOLY" "ON THE INTERPRETATION AND THE HISTORY OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR." "Narrator:" "PUBLISHED IN EVERY MAJOR LANGUAGE" "CHURCHILL'S HISTORY WON HIM A NOBEL PRIZE FOR LITERATURE" "AND MADE HIM A RICH MAN." "FREED FROM A LIFETIME OF FINANCIAL DIFFICULTY" "WINSTON COULD NOW PROVIDE" "FOR THE FUTURE OF HIS GROWING FAMILY." "Newsreel announcer:" "TO THOSE WITH ENOUGH LEG POWER TO GET THEM TO WESTERHAM" "THE PARISH CHURCH PRESENTS AN INTERESTING SCENE." "THE MONTH-OLD SON" "OF MRS. CHRISTOPHER SOAMES-- MARY CHURCHILL" "IS CHRISTENED ARTHUR NICHOLAS WINSTON." "CHARTWELL FARM, HOME OF CAPTAIN AND MRS. SOAMES" "IS THE SCENE OF THE CHRISTENING PARTY." "DOING THE HONORS WITH THE CHRISTENING CAKE" "IS YOUNG WINSTON, SON OF RANDOLPH CHURCHILL." "Winston:" "I WOULD HAVE BEEN FIVE OR SIX YEARS OF AGE" "WHEN I FIRST WENT TO CHARTWELL." "AND I WELL REMEMBER GOING IN TO SEE HIM IN HIS BEDROOM" "ABOUT 9:00 OR 9:30 IN THE MORNING" "AND THROUGH WREATHS OF CIGAR SMOKE" "ONE WOULD SEE THE VENERABLE GRANDPAPA TUCKED UP IN BED" "WHO WOULD BE PEERING AT ONE" "OVER HIS, UH, HALF, GOLD-RIMMED SPECTACLES" "PUFFING AWAY AT HIS CIGAR, DICTATING TO A SECRETARY." "ANYWAY, ON MY ARRIVAL, HE WOULD DISMISS THE SECRETARY" "AND SAY, "NOW, WINSTON, WHAT SHALL WE DO TODAY?"" "AND THERE WERE CERTAIN THINGS" "THAT WERE INEVITABLY ON THE AGENDA" "LIKE VISITING THE GOLDEN ORFE, HIS WONDERFUL HUGE GOLDFISH" "AND THE BLACK SWANS" "WHICH WERE THE GIFT OF THE AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT." "AND THEN WE WOULD END UP IN THE FARMYARD" "WHERE HE WOULD GET HIS WALKING STICK" "AND SCRATCH THE BACKS OF THE PIGS." "HE HAD GREAT EMPATHY WITH THE PIGS" "AND HE SAID TO ME, "WINSTON, ALWAYS REMEMBER" ""THAT A CAT LOOKS DOWN ON MAN, A DOG LOOKS UP TO MAN" "BUT A PIG WILL LOOK YOU IN THE EYE AND SEE HIS EQUAL."" "Narrator:" "MUCH AS IT HAD BEEN IN THE 1930s" "CHARTWELL WAS THE HUB OF CHURCHILL FAMILY LIFE." "VISITORS INCLUDED CHURCHILL'S OLDEST DAUGHTER, DIANA" "WHOSE MARRIAGE TO DUNCAN SANDYS WAS BEGINNING TO FALTER" "AND RANDOLPH CHURCHILL." "BUT THE FAMILY WAS CHANGING." "CHRISTOPHER SOAMES HAD BECOME A SUBSTITUTE SON FOR WINSTON." "Lady Soames:" "WHEN WE FIRST MARRIED" "HE MANAGED THE FARMS FOR MY FATHER" "AND THEY BECAME VERY CLOSE" "AND ALL SORTS OF THINGS THAT CHRISTOPHER WAS INTERESTED IN" "PAPA HAD FORGOTTEN HE WAS INTERESTED IN." "FOR INSTANCE, HE BOUGHT A LITTLE TINY STUD NOT FAR FROM HERE" "AND HE BRED SOME QUITE FAMOUS HORSES, "HIGH HAT" AND "VIENNA"" "AND HE AND CHRISTOPHER USED TO GO OFF" "MOMMY AND I, DEEPLY BORED BY RACING" "AND SO THE TWO BOYS USED TO GO OFF" "AND HAVE A LOVELY TIME AT THE RACES TOGETHER." "Narrator:" "WHILE CHRISTOPHER BECAME WINSTON'S CLOSEST COMPANION" "HIS OWN SON, RANDOLPH, WAS A GROWING EMBARRASSMENT." "THE YEARS AFTER THE WAR HAD BEEN A LETDOWN FOR RANDOLPH." "HE'D LOST HIS SEAT IN PARLIAMENT AND DIVORCED PAMELA CHURCHILL." "NEITHER HIS MARRIAGE TO JUNE OSBORNE" "NOR THE BIRTH OF THEIR DAUGHTER ARABELLA" "HAD SUCCEEDED IN TAMING RANDOLPH." "Winston:" "IT WAS RATHER LIKE WALKING AROUND" "HAND IN HAND WITH A VOLCANO." "YOU NEVER KNEW WHEN, OUT OF A CLEAR BLUE SKY" "THERE WOULDN'T BE THE MOST MONUMENTAL ERUPTION" "PARTICULARLY IF HE HAD HAD ONE OR TWO GLASSES OF WHISKEY." "Amery:" "HE COULD BE TERRIBLY RUDE TO WAITERS" "AND I SAID, "RANDOLPH, YOU OUGHTN'T TO DO THIS"" "AND HE SAID, "MAKES NO DIFFERENCE." ""I'M EQUALLY RUDE TO DUKES." "I SAY WHAT COMES INTO MY MIND."" "SEVERAL PEOPLE CLAIMED TO BEING THE PERSON" "WHO FIRST SAID, UM, THERE IS NO MORE FRIGHTENING PHRASE" "EXCEPT PERHAPS "WAR HAS BEEN DECLARED"" "THAN THE PHRASE" ""RANDOLPH CHURCHILL HAS JUST ARRIVED AT THE PARTY."" "BECAUSE AS SOON AS HE CAME IN, THERE HE WAS, YOU KNOW" "INSULTING PEOPLE, UPBRAIDING PEOPLE, ASKING THEM QUESTIONS" "AND A WHOLE, UH..." "SORT OF DISTURBANCE" "RAN THROUGH THE PARTY." "YOU COULD CHART HIS MOVEMENT." "Newsreel announcer:" "INTEREST CENTERED ON DEVONPORT..." "Narrator:" "RANDOLPH SOON SEIZED AN OPPORTUNITY" "TO REVIVE HIS FORTUNES." "IN THE 1950 GENERAL ELECTION" "HE STOOD FOR PARLIAMENT AT PLYMOUTH, DEVONPORT." "Newsreel announcer:" "CONSERVATIVE CANDIDATE WAS RANDOLPH CHURCHILL" "FORMER M.P. FOR PRESTON AND WARTIME PARATROOPER." "HIS OPPONENT WAS MICHAEL FOOT" "SOCIALIST SON OF THE LIBERALS' ELDER STATESMAN ISAAC FOOT." "Foot:" "RANDOLPH WAS A VERY OLD-FASHIONED" "WONDERFUL ELECTIONEER." "HE WOULD HURL EVERYTHING AT YOU" "AND THAT WAS IN THE TRADITION IN WHICH HE'D BEEN BROUGHT UP." "Narrator:" "AT DEVONPORT, RANDOLPH FOUGHT A GOOD FIGHT" "BUT HE STOPPED SHORT OF DOING WHAT WAS NEEDED" "TO WIN A FIERCE ELECTION." "Craigie:" "THE IDEA OF CANVASSING" "KNOCKING AT A DOOR AND SAYING, "WILL YOU VOTE TORY?"" "WAS ABSOLUTELY ALIEN TO HIS WAY OF THINKING, YOU KNOW." "I MEAN, HE HATED THE CONSERVATIVES THERE" "BECAUSE THEY WANTED HIM TO KNOCK AT DOORS" "AND SAY, "MAY I HAVE YOUR VOTE, PLEASE?"" "THIS WAS COMPLETELY BENEATH HIS DIGNITY." "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL HELPED RANDOLPH" "AND OTHER CONSERVATIVE CANDIDATES CAMPAIGN IN 1950." "YOU WILL BE VOTING FOR THE REVIVAL OF OUR FAME AND REPUTE" "THROUGHOUT THE WORLD." "Narrator:" "RANDOLPH LOST." "SO DID THE CONSERVATIVES." "CHURCHILL'S LEADERSHIP WAS NOW IN QUESTION." "Deedes:" "SOME ACCUSED HIM OF BEING TOO OLD." "I REMEMBER AN EPISODE" "WHEN HE SUDDENLY WENT OUT HUNTING ON A HORSE" "WEARING SOME ODD CLOTHES" "IN ORDER TO SHOW THAT HE WAS STILL A VIGOROUS FELLOW" "CAPABLE OF DOING A DAY'S HUNTING." "I DON'T THINK THE HORSE DID A LOT OF HUNTING" "BUT ANYWAY, THE PICTURE WAS PRODUCED" "I CAN SEE IT NOW" "TO PERSUADE THE COUNTRY THAT HE WAS STILL CAPABLE OF GOVERNING." "Narrator:" ""REMARKABLE PERTINACITY," SAID RANDOLPH" ""99 OUT OF A 100 PEOPLE WOULD HAVE CLEARED OUT, BUT NOT HE."" "Newsreel announcer:" "OUTSIDE SAINT STEVEN'S HALL, KENSINGTON" "THERE IS A HUGE CROWD" "AS MR. CHURCHILL COMES TO DO HIS DUTY." "Narrator:" "IN LESS THAN TWO YEARS, CHURCHILL WAS BACK" "LEADING HIS PARTY IN YET ANOTHER ELECTION." "Newsreel announcer:" "NOW VOTING IS OVER." "Narrator:" "THIS TIME IT WAS VICTORY" "FOR THE CONSERVATIVES AND FOR THE CHURCHILLS." "WINSTON'S SONS-IN-LAW, DUNCAN SANDYS AND CHRISTOPHER SOAMES" "WERE ELECTED TO PARLIAMENT." "ONLY RANDOLPH FAILED TO WIN A SEAT." "THE NEXT MORNING, THE FAMILY CELEBRATED." "Man:" "CHAMPAGNE WAS POURED AND PASSED AROUND" "AND CHURCHILL PUT HIS HAND DOWN" "KNOWING FULL WELL THAT THE DOG WAS THERE." "HE SAID, "MY DEAR RUFUS" ""WE SHALL NOW BE GOING BACK TO NUMBER 10 DOWNING STREET." "YOU ARE A LUCKY DOG."" "Churchill:" "AND NOW THERE MAY BE A LULL IN OUR PARTY STRIFE" "WHICH WILL ENABLE US TO UNDERSTAND MORE OF WHAT IS GOOD" "IN OUR OPPONENTS AND NOT TO BE SO VERY CLEVER" "IN FINDING OUT ALL THEIR SHORTCOMINGS." "( cheering )" "Narrator:" "ON THE DAY HE BECAME PRIME MINISTER FOR THE SECOND TIME" "CHURCHILL WAS JUST SHORT OF HIS 77th BIRTHDAY." "IT HAD BEEN A PUNISHING CAMPAIGN AND WINSTON WAS EXHAUSTED." ""IT WILL BE UPHILL WORK," REMARKED CLEMENTINE" ""BUT HE HAS AN EAGER, WILLING HEART."" "I THINK SHE WAS UNEASY ABOUT HIS HEALTH, DISTINCTLY UNEASY." "IN MANY WAYS, I THINK SHE DIDN'T WANT HIM" "TO BE PRIME MINISTER FOR THE SECOND TIME." "I THINK SHE'D PREFERRED THAT HE DID NOT DO SO." "SHE WAS TIRED BY THEN" "AND THE THOUGHT OF STRUGGLING BACK INTO DOWNING STREET" "AND, YOU KNOW..." "SHE SUPPORTED HIM LOYALLY, BUT HER HEART WAS NOT IN IT." "SHE THOUGHT HE OUGHTN'T TO HAVE GONE ON." "Man:" "HE WAS FAR PAST HIS BEST." "HE COULD STILL MAKE BRILLIANT JOKES" "AND HE WAS STILL THE ONE POLITICIAN" "WHO HAD POETRY AND VISION IN THE PARLIAMENT OF HIS TIME" "AND FROM THAT POINT OF VIEW HE WAS INTERESTING" "BUT HE'D CEASED TO PAY CLOSE ATTENTION TO WHAT WAS GOING ON." "BEING AROUND AT THAT TIME, I THINK ONE DID REALIZE" "THAT WINSTON WASN'T CERTAINLY AT THE HEIGHT OF HIS POWERS." "BUT THERE WAS STILL THIS FEELING THAT, RATHER LIKE A VOLCANO" "THAT AT A CERTAIN POINT, WITH A CERTAIN CHALLENGE" "HE COULD PRODUCE AN INCANDESCENCE" "AS NOBODY ELSE COULD." "Newsreel announcer:" "NOW COMES THE FIRST CABINET MEETING." "CAPTAIN CROOKSHANK IS THE NEW HEALTH MINISTER" "AND DEPUTY LEADER OF THE HOUSE." "WARTIME EXPERT LORD LEATHERS" "WILL SUPERVISE FUEL, POWER AND TRANSPORT." "SIR WALTER MONCTON IS MINISTER OF LABOR." "HOUSING COMES UNDER HAROLD MACMILLAN." "NOW MR. CHURCHILL'S CAR ARRIVES..." "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL FILLED HIS CABINET WITH OLD FRIENDS" "AND GAVE THEM A FREE HAND" "IN THE DETAILS OF HIS DOMESTIC GOVERNMENT" "TO HEAD THE FOREIGN OFFICE, HE APPOINTED ANTHONY EDEN." "WIDELY REGARDED AS WINSTON'S SUCCESSOR" "EDEN HAD STOOD WITH CHURCHILL SINCE THE LATE 1930s." "HIS MARRIAGE TO CHURCHILL'S NIECE CLARISSA IN 1952" "CEMENTED AN ALREADY CLOSE RELATIONSHIP." "Woman:" "PEOPLE DO SAY THAT IT WAS RATHER LIKE A FATHER AND SON" "AND I THINK THAT MAYBE IS WHERE THE SORT OF BAD BLOOD CAME IN" "FROM PEOPLE LIKE RANDOLPH, REALLY." "Narrator:" "RANDOLPH ENVIED ANTHONY EDEN'S POSITION AS CROWN PRINCE." "HIS BLUSTERING ATTACKS ON EDEN CREATED TENSIONS IN THE FAMILY." "Countess of Avon:" "BEFORE I MARRIED" "RANDOLPH WAS THE COUSIN WHOM I WAS, IN A WAY, CLOSEST TO." "IT WAS DIFFICULT, OF COURSE, AFTER I MARRIED" "BECAUSE I COULDN'T REALLY SPEAK TO HIM AT ALL." "Narrator:" "EDEN WAS THE VICTIM OF RANDOLPH'S OUTSPOKEN ATTACKS" "BUT IT WAS CHRISTOPHER SOAMES" "CHURCHILL'S PARLIAMENTARY SECRETARY AND CONFIDANT" "WHO WAS THE OBJECT OF HIS CONSUMING JEALOUSY." "RANDOLPH FELT REJECTED BY HIS FATHER." "DEEPLY WOUNDED, HE WROTE WINSTON AN ANGUISHED LETTER 15 PAGES LONG." "Randolph ( dramatized ):" ""MY DEAR PAPA" ""IT HAS BEEN A GROWING SOURCE OF GRIEF TO ME" ""THAT EVER SINCE YOU BECAME PRIME MINISTER" ""YOU NO LONGER HAVE THE SAME DESIRE FOR MY COMPANY." ""I REALIZE, TOO, THAT YOU REGARD ME AS A FAILURE" ""AND THAT YOU CANNOT DISGUISE THIS VIEW ENTIRELY SUCCESSFULLY" ""FROM OTHER PEOPLE." ""IN ONE THING I HAVE NEVER CHANGED OR FALTERED" "MY ABSOLUTE LOVE, DEVOTION AND LOYALTY TO YOU."" "Narrator:" "RELATIONS BETWEEN THE TWO MEN IMPROVED THAT CHRISTMAS" "WHEN WINSTON GAVE HIS SON WHAT RANDOLPH HIMSELF CALLED" ""A PRINCELY SUM."" "IN JUNE, ALL THREE CHURCHILLS TOOK PART" "IN THE CORONATION OF QUEEN ELIZABETH II." "Winston:" "I WAS PAGE TO PETER PORTAL" "WHO WAS CHIEF OF THE AIR STAFF DURING THE WAR." "MY FATHER WAS SILVER STICK IN WAITING, WHATEVER THAT MAY BE." "AND MY GRANDFATHER WAS THERE IN HIS CORONATION ROBES" "AS PRIME MINISTER" "AND I HAD OCCASION TO WALK VERY CLOSE TO HER MAJESTY" "AND SHE WAS RADIANTLY BEAUTIFUL AND I CAN WELL UNDERSTAND" "HOW MY GRANDFATHER WAS HEAD OVER HEELS IN LOVE WITH HER." "Narrator:" "THE CORONATION OF ELIZABETH II" "RESONATED WITH THE GREATNESS OF BRITAIN'S PAST" "AN AGE OF EMPIRE FAST VANISHING AWAY." "Cannadine:" "THE FACT WAS THAT BRITAIN'S POWER WAS VISIBLY WANING" "AND ONE OF THE THINGS" "THAT CHURCHILL MOST WANTED TO TRY TO DO" "WAS EITHER TO DENY THAT THIS WAS SO" "OR AT LEAST TO TRY TO DEFY THE FACT THAT IT WAS SO" "AND TO PRESENT HIMSELF" "AS THE GREAT LEADER OF WHAT WAS STILL A GREAT NATION" "THAT SERIOUSLY MATTERED IN WHAT WAS, IN FACT, OF COURSE" "A BIPOLAR WORLD DOMINATED BY RUSSIA AND BY AMERICA." "Narrator:" "THE DEATH OF JOSEPH STALIN IN MARCH 1953" "HAD GIVEN CHURCHILL NEW HOPE" "OF EASING TENSIONS WITH COMMUNIST RUSSIA." "BUT CHURCHILL SAW MORE THAN A CHANCE TO END THE COLD WAR;" "HE SAW AN OPPORTUNITY TO ENHANCE HIS INFLUENCE" "IN A DANGEROUS NUCLEAR WORLD." "I THINK HE FELT THAT HE WAS-- HE, WINSTON CHURCHILL" "WAS THE MAN BEST QUALIFIED" "TO TRY AND BRING SOME KIND OF DECENT SETTLEMENT" "WITH THE SOVIET UNION." "HE HAD THIS "GREAT MAN" THEORY OF HISTORY, YOU KNOW" "THE SAYING THAT THERE'S NO SUCH THING AS HISTORY" "THERE'S ONLY BIOGRAPHY." "AND I THINK HE BELIEVED THAT, AND HE'D ALWAYS HAD A FEELING" "THAT IF LEADING FIGURES GOT TOGETHER, ALL WOULD BE WELL." "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL'S ENTHUSIASM FOR PEACE TALKS WITH STALIN'S SUCCESSORS" "WAS NOT SHARED BY ANTHONY EDEN'S FOREIGN OFFICE" "STARTING WITH EDEN HIMSELF" "DOWN TO THE AMBASSADOR IN MOSCOW, SIR WILLIAM HAYTER." "Hayter:" "CHURCHILL THOUGHT HE COULD TALK TO THEM." "IT WAS NEVER VERY CLEAR TO ME" "WHAT HE WAS GOING TO TALK TO THEM ABOUT" "OR WHAT HE THOUGHT COULD BE DONE IN A RELATIONSHIP WITH THEM." "HE JUST HAD THE IDEA THAT HE WAS THE LAST SURVIVOR" "OF THE GREAT THREE IN THE WARTIME" "THAT HE HAD A UNIQUE POSITION SOMEHOW TO INFLUENCE THEM." "I'M AFRAID HE DELUDED HIMSELF" "BUT THAT WAS A DELUSION HE HAD RATHER STRONGLY." "Narrator:" "IN APRIL, EDEN BECAME GRAVELY ILL." "CHURCHILL SEIZED THE MOMENT AND LAUNCHED HIS PEACE INITIATIVE." "THE FIRST STEP WAS TO GAIN THE SUPPORT" "OF THE NEW AMERICAN PRESIDENT" "CHURCHILL'S WARTIME FRIEND AND ALLY, DWIGHT EISENHOWER." "IN A SERIES OF TELEGRAMS" "CHURCHILL TRIED TO PERSUADE EISENHOWER" "TO JOIN HIM AT A PEACE SUMMIT WITH THE NEW RUSSIAN LEADERS." "Churchill ( dramatized ):" ""THERE WILL BE A STRONG MOVEMENT HERE FOR A MEETING" ""BETWEEN THE HEADS OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT." ""HOW DO YOU STAND ABOUT THIS?" ""IF NOTHING CAN BE ARRANGED" "I SHALL HAVE TO CONSIDER SERIOUSLY A PERSONAL CONTACT."" "Narrator:" "EISENHOWER AGREED TO MEET CHURCHILL THAT JULY IN BERMUDA" "TO DISCUSS THE PROSPECTS OF TALKS WITH RUSSIA" "BRINGING CHURCHILL'S DREAM OF ENDING THE COLD WAR" "ONE STEP CLOSER TO REALITY." "ON JUNE 23" "IN HIS LAST OFFICIAL ENGAGEMENT BEFORE LEAVING FOR BERMUDA" "CHURCHILL HOSTED A DINNER FOR THE ITALIAN PRIME MINISTER" "ALCIDE DE GASPERI." "AT THE END OF THE DINNER, CHURCHILL GREW UNSTEADY." "HIS SPEECH BECAME SLURRED." "THE FOLLOWING AFTERNOON, AT CLEMENTINE'S REQUEST" "HE WAS DRIVEN TO CHARTWELL." "WHEN HE ARRIVED TWO HOURS LATER" "THE LEFT SIDE OF HIS BODY WAS PARALYZED." "THAT WEEKEND, IT WAS THOUGHT THAT CHURCHILL WOULD DIE." "Woman:" "THE DOCTORS, SIR RUSSELL BRAINE AND LORD MORAN" "DRAFTED A MEDICAL BULLETIN FOR THE PRESS" "IN WHICH WAS MENTIONED THAT HE'D HAD A CIRCULATORY PROBLEM" "AND TO ANYBODY WHO KNEW ANYTHING ABOUT IT, THAT MEANT A STROKE." "Narrator:" "THE CHURCHILL FAMILY SUPPRESSED THE BULLETIN." "FOR THE NEXT 30 YEARS" "CHURCHILL'S STROKE REMAINED A CLOSELY GUARDED SECRET." "THREE PRESS BARONS, WHO WERE HIS CLOSE FRIENDS" "I DON'T KNOW HOW CLOSE THEY WERE TO EACH OTHER" "BUT ON THIS OCCASION, THEY WERE CLOSE" "LORD CAMROSE, PRINCIPALLY, WHO WAS THE DAILY TELEGRAPH;" "HIS VERY GREAT PERSONAL FRIEND, BRENDAN BRACKEN;" "AND LORD BEAVERBROOK ALL ARRIVED VERY SOON AT CHARTWELL" "OVER THAT WEEKEND" "AND IN SOME UNIQUE AND EXTRAORDINARY MANNER" "THEY..." "FOR WANT OF A BETTER WORD, THEY GAGGED THE PRESS." "Narrator:" "AT FIRST" "THE TRUTH WAS CONCEALED FROM THE BRITISH PEOPLE" "IN ORDER TO BUY TIME" "FOR ANTHONY EDEN TO RECOVER FROM HIS THIRD OPERATION." "I THINK IT WAS THOUGHT" "THAT WINSTON PROBABLY WOULDN'T SURVIVE" "AND THAT IF ANTHONY HAD NOT BEEN SO DESPERATELY ILL AT THAT TIME" "I PRESUME THAT THE TRANSITION" "WOULD HAVE PROBABLY TAKEN PLACE FAIRLY SOON." "AS IT WAS, THERE WAS THIS SORT OF CARETAKER GOVERNMENT SET UP." "THE BOXES ARRIVED." "I REMEMBER THEM PILING UP IN THE OFFICE" "AND SLIGHTLY A FEELING OF:" "HOW ARE WE GOING TO COPE WITH THIS?" "AND CHRISTOPHER SOAMES AND JOCK COLVILLE SAT DOWN" "AT THE TABLE IN THE OFFICE" "AND THEY JUST WENT THROUGH EACH PIECE OF PAPER AND DEALT WITH IT" "AND THERE WAS NO PROBLEM." "I WENT TO SEE SOAMES IN HIS LITTLE OFFICE" "WHICH IS NEXT TO THE PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICE" "IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS" "AND WHILE WE WERE TALKING, HIS SECRETARY CAME IN" "AND SAID, "LORD WOOLTON'S ON THE LINE."" ""OH," SAID SOAMES, "ALL RIGHT, I'LL TALK TO HIM."" "AND THEN HE SAID TO ME..." "AND I HEARD HIM SAY TO LORD WOOLTON, "JUST HOLD ON A MOMENT." "I'LL GO AND ASK THE PRIME MINISTER."" "I KNEW PERFECTLY WELL THE PRIME MINISTER WASN'T THERE." "HE CAME BACK AND HE SAID TO, UM..." "LORD WOOLTON" ""I'VE CONSULTED THE PRIME MINISTER." "HE WOULD LIKE YOU TO DO AS FOLLOWS"" "WHICH HE MADE UP." "I MEAN, HE MADE UP HIS OWN PRIME MINISTER'S ADVICE." "CHRISTOPHER SOAMES DID A LOT OF THE SIGNING" "WHEN HE WAS OUT FOR THREE OR FOUR MONTHS" "DID A LOT OF THE SIGNING OF THE LETTERS." "PRODUCED A WONDERFUL WINSTON S. CHURCHILL SIGNATURE." "IT AMAZES ME LOOKING BACK, OF COURSE" "THAT IT WAS KEPT A SECRET AS IT WAS." "THERE WERE NO BLABBING MOUTHS" "AND NO LONG-DISTANCE LENSES" "AND NO TAPED TELEPHONE CALLS." "I THINK EVERYBODY HAS FORGOTTEN HOW TO KEEP CONFIDENCE." "Narrator:" "WITHIN THE CONFINES OF CHARTWELL, CHURCHILL DESPAIRED." ""IT IS EXTRAORDINARY THAT BETWEEN NIGHT AND MORNING" "I SHOULD GO LIKE THIS, A BUNDLE OF OLD RAGS"" "HE SAID TO A FRIEND." "BUT THROUGH THE LONG DAYS OF SUMMER" "CHURCHILL BEGAN TO REGAIN HIS HEALTH." "LESS THAN TWO MONTHS AFTER HIS STROKE" "HE FELT WELL ENOUGH TO RECONSIDER HIS RETIREMENT." ""I DON'T THINK I SHALL COMMIT MYSELF" "WHEN I SEE ANTHONY," HE TOLD HIS DOCTOR." ""I DON'T LIKE BEING KICKED OUT" "UNTIL I'VE HAD A SHOT AT SETTLING THIS RUSSIA BUSINESS."" "CHURCHILL SET HIMSELF A TEST:" "THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY CONFERENCE AT MARGATE" "ON OCTOBER 10." "IF HE COULD SURVIVE PUBLIC SCRUTINY" "AND DELIVER HIS ADDRESS, HE WOULD REMAIN PRIME MINISTER." "IF NOT, HE WOULD RESIGN" "IN FAVOR OF THE NOW-RECOVERED ANTHONY EDEN." "Churchill:" "UH, MISTER..." "MR. CHAIRMAN..." "MY..." "MR. MAYOR..." "MY LORDS, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN..." "Soames:" "MY GOODNESS, WE WERE WORRIED" "ABOUT THE SPEECH HE HAD TO MAKE AT THE TORY PARTY CONFERENCE:" "BEADY EYES FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD" "EVERY CAMERA TRAINED" "EVERY POLITICAL CORRESPONDENT WITH BINOCULARS" "MENTAL OR OTHERWISE" "AGONY." "I THOUGHT MY NAILS WOULD GO THROUGH MY FLESH." "FIVE MONTHS AGO, ON THE 11th OF MAY" "I MADE A SPEECH IN THE, UH..." "IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS." "UH, I HAVE NOT SPOKEN SINCE" "THE FIRST TIME IN MY POLITICAL LIFE" "THAT I'VE KEPT QUIET FOR SO LONG." "( laughter )" "Narrator:" "BY A SUPREME ACT OF WILL" "CHURCHILL SURVIVED HIS GREAT TEST." "WE HAVE NO INTENTION OF PLUNGING THE NATION" "INTO ELECTIONEERING STRIFE THIS YEAR." "( cheers and applause )" "AND INDEED, SO FAR AS MY IMMEDIATE KNOWLEDGE IS CONCERNED" "THAT APPLIES TO NEXT YEAR, TOO." "( laughter and applause )" "Narrator:" "HE WOULD REMAIN PRIME MINISTER" "AND HE WOULD RESUME THE QUEST" "FOR WHAT HE SAID HE CARED ABOUT MOST:" ""THE BUILDING OF A SURE AND LASTING PEACE."" "Newsreel announcer:" "SIR WINSTON COMES SLOWLY DOWN THE GANGWAY." "NEITHER THE "V" SIGN" "NOR THE LEGENDARY CIGAR ARE IN EVIDENCE TODAY." "Narrator:" "ON DECEMBER 2, 1953, AFTER A SIX-MONTH DELAY" "CHURCHILL ARRIVED IN BERMUDA FOR HIS CONFERENCE" "WITH PRESIDENT EISENHOWER AND THE FRENCH PRIME MINISTER." "WITH HIM CAME A VISIBLY UNHAPPY ANTHONY EDEN." "THE ROAD TO BERMUDA HAD BEEN A HARD ROAD." "BUT AT LAST, CHURCHILL'S GREAT MOMENT HAD COME." "HE MIGHT NOW BE ABLE TO CONVINCE EISENHOWER" "THAT RUSSIA HAD CHANGED AND THAT THE TIME WAS RIPE FOR PEACE." "AT THE VERY FIRST MEETING, CHURCHILL STATED HIS CASE." "HE WAS RUDELY REBUFFED." ""DESPITE BATH, PERFUME OR LACE," EISENHOWER SAID" ""RUSSIA IS THE SAME OLD WHORE UNDERNEATH."" "Newsreel announcer:" "OUR MEETINGS HAVE REINFORCED OUR SOLIDARITY" "STRENGTHENED OUR RESOLVE..." "Narrator:" "BERMUDA WAS PORTRAYED AS A BIG SUCCESS" "AND WINSTON CHURCHILL PUT ON A BRAVE FACE." "Williams:" "THERE WAS A SENSE OF TRYING TO KEEP THE OLD MAN HAPPY" "AND IN POINT OF FACT, NOTHING WAS ACHIEVED AT THAT CONFERENCE." "THE FRENCH FELL OUT BECAUSE THE PRIME MINISTER GOT PNEUMONIA" "AND AS EVERYTHING HAD TO BE INTERPRETED" "CHURCHILL WAS GETTING VERY IMPATIENT" "UM..." "AND NO WORK WAS DONE." "EVERYBODY SPENT THEIR TIME BATHING" "AND HAVING MIDNIGHT PARTIES ON THE BEACH." "AND I THINK IT WAS" "A VERY SAD AND DISAPPOINTING OCCASION FOR CHURCHILL." "Narrator:" "CHURCHILL EMERGED FROM BERMUDA A DIMINISHED PRIME MINISTER." "A LOT OF HIS CABINET WERE BEGGING HIM TO RESIGN" "ALTHOUGH VERY FEW OF THEM KNEW HIM WELL ENOUGH" "TO DARE TO RAISE THE ISSUE" "AND THEY JUST COULDN'T SEPARATE HIM FROM POWER." "Hayter:" "EDEN, OF COURSE, WAS LONGING FOR CHURCHILL TO RESIGN" "AND CHURCHILL USED TO TEASE EDEN BY SAYING..." "BY REMINDING HIM" "THAT MR. GLADSTONE FORMED HIS LAST GOVERNMENT" "AT THE AGE OF 82." "AND HE WAS TEASING EDEN ALL THE TIME" "AND HE'D MADE EDEN VERY NERVOUS AND UNHAPPY AND MISERABLE." "THERE'S NO DOUBT ABOUT THAT." "Narrator:" "EDEN MUST HAVE HOPED" "THAT CHURCHILL WOULD USE HIS 80th BIRTHDAY" "TO ANNOUNCE HIS RETIREMENT." "BUT CHURCHILL HAD COME TO ACCEPT TRIBUTE" "AND A PORTRAIT BY A FAMOUS PAINTER, GRAHAM SUTHERLAND." "Sandys:" "MY PARENTS WERE VERY NERVOUS, AND..." "ANYWAY, WE ALL ARRIVED." "I WAS EIGHT YEARS OLD BUT CAN FULLY REMEMBER" "THE TENSION AND THE WORRY THAT WAS GOING ON" "AND ABOUT THIS PORTRAIT, BECAUSE CLEARLY EVERYONE HAD DISCOVERED" "THAT IT WAS NOT WHAT YOU WOULD CALL FLATTERING." "ON BEHALF OF BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT, PRIME MINISTER" "I ASK YOU TO ACCEPT THIS PORTRAIT." "( applause )" "Winston:" "THERE WAS CERTAINLY A GASP IN THE HALL" "WHEN IT WAS REVEALED" "AND MY GRANDFATHER" "AND PARTICULARLY MY GRANDMOTHER, WERE DEEPLY OFFENDED." "IT WAS DONE IN SICKLY SHADES OF GREEN AND YELLOW." "HE'S SLUMPED IN A CHAIR." "THERE'S A HINT OF AN UNDONE FLY BUTTON." "THE PORTRAIT IS A REMARKABLE EXAMPLE OF MODERN ART." "( laughter, then applause )" "Winston:" "MY GRANDMOTHER CERTAINLY FELT" "THAT IT WAS A CALCULATED INSULT BY THE ARTIST." "AND SHE GOT MR. VINCENT, THE GARDENER" "TO PUT IT ON THE BONFIRE AT CHARTWELL." "Narrator:" "CLEMENTINE COULD SPARE WINSTON THE PAIN" "OF SEEING HIMSELF THROUGH SUTHERLAND'S EYES" "BUT SHE COULD NOT DO AWAY" "WITH THE FACT THAT IT WAS TIME FOR HIM TO GO." "ON NEW YEAR'S DAY, 1955, CHURCHILL RESOLVED TO RETIRE." ""I FEEL LIKE AN AIRPLANE AT THE END OF ITS FLIGHT," HE SAID" ""IN THE DUSK, WITH THE PETROL RUNNING OUT" "IN SEARCH OF SAFE LANDING."" "Soames:" "THE TIME TO GO HAD COME" "AND SO IN APRIL 1955, HE WENT." "Narrator:" "EDEN FINALLY HAD HIS CHANCE." "TWO YEARS LATER, HE RESIGNED" "FOLLOWING THE ILL-FATED ANGLO-FRENCH INVASION OF SUEZ." "CHURCHILL WAS DEEPLY DISTRESSED." "HE HAD DEVOTED HIS LIFE" "TO PRESERVING THE GREATNESS OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE" "AND NOW HE WAS POWERLESS TO PREVENT ITS DEMISE." "Amery:" "HE VIRTUALLY WITHDREW." "HE HAD HIS HOUSE AT HYDE PARK GATE." "HE USED TO GIVE LITTLE LUNCHES AND DINNERS" "BUT, UM..." "HE WAS GETTING INCREASINGLY DEAF." "AND ALTHOUGH THEY WENT ON SENDING HIM" "THE FOREIGN OFFICE TELEGRAMS" "HE WAS GETTING OUT OF TOUCH, REALLY" "WITH WHAT WAS HAPPENING IN THE WORLD." "HE SAW PEOPLE OCCASIONALLY, AND..." "BUT THE GREAT DAYS WERE OVER" "AND HE KNEW THEY COULDN'T COME BACK AGAIN." "( light piano tune playing )" "WILL YOU TRY A FEW STEPS WITH ME, PLEASE?" "OH, DEAR." "CAN'T YOU DANCE WITH A PARTNER?" "WELL, I COULD UNTIL A MOMENT AGO." "WELL, TRY." "WE'LL TAKE SOMETHING EASY TO START." "MAY I HAVE A PICKUP, PLEASE?" "Sandys:" "MY AUNT SARAH WAS BEAUTIFUL" "AND USED TO APPEAR SUDDENLY" "WITH THE MOST IMPRACTICAL SORT OF PRESENTS" "SORT OF A GLAMOROUS NIGHTDRESS" "OR A BEDSIDE LAMP IN THE SHAPE OF A CHERUB" "BUT THE SORT OF THINGS THAT WE'D NEVER HAVE BEEN GIVEN NORMALLY." "BUT SUDDENLY SHE WOULD APPEAR WITH THESE" "LIKE A SORT OF FAIRY GODMOTHER." "Narrator:" "AT THE HEIGHT OF HER ACTING CAREER" "SARAH CHURCHILL HAD ACHIEVED CONSIDERABLE SUCCESS." "YOU CAN HAVE DINNER WITH ME SOME NIGHT." "WELL, I SHOULD LOVE TO." "HOW ABOUT TONIGHT?" "WELL I DON'T KNOW, I, UH..." "SHE'LL DO FINE." "PICK YOU UP AT 8:00." "THANK YOU-- WHO'S NEXT?" "Woman:" "SARAH WAS ONE OF THE GREAT, WONDERFUL PEOPLE IN THE WORLD." "I LOVED HER." "SO DID SIR WINSTON." "WE WERE WITHIN ONE OR TWO YEARS OF THE SAME AGE" "AND SO HE CALLED US HIS DANCING GIRLS." "Narrator:" "SARAH WOULD JOIN HER FATHER AT LA PAUSA" "A FABULOUS VILLA IN THE SOUTH OF FRANCE" "WHERE WINSTON WAS THE FREQUENT GUEST" "OF HIS LITERARY AGENT, EMERY REEVES" "AND HIS BEAUTIFUL WIFE, WENDY, A FORMER MODEL AND DANCER." "Reeves:" "HE CAME HERE WITH SUCH HAPPINESS" "TO ENJOY THE SUNSHINE, TO ENJOY THE VILLA" "TO ENJOY THE GREAT FOOD, TO ENJOY THE GREAT WINE CELLAR." "I MEAN, EMERY WOULD GIVE HIM COGNAC FROM 1825" "AND HE LOVED THAT, OF COURSE." "Murray:" "EVERYTHING WAS THERE." "HE REALLY DIDN'T HAVE TO MOVE A STEP IF HE DIDN'T WANT TO." "AND IF HE WANTED CAVIAR, THEN IT WAS ON THE TABLE" "AND WENDY WOULD FEED HIM." "AND IF HE WANTED A SCOTCH AND SODA" "THEN IT WAS THERE BY HIS SIDE." "Narrator:" "FOR MORE THAN THREE YEARS" "WINSTON ENJOYED THE HOSPITALITY OF LA PAUSA." "BUT CLEMENTINE CAME ONLY ONCE." "Reeves:" "SHE WORE HER HAIR IN VERY SMALL, LITTLE CURLS" "AND I SAID TO HER ONE DAY" ""OH, PLEASE, LADY CHURCHILL, LET ME BRUSH YOUR CURLS OUT." ""I WOULD LOVE FOR YOU TO COME DOWN TO DINNER TONIGHT" "WITH YOUR HAIR ALL BRUSHED OUT."" "AND SHE LOOKS AT ME AND SHE SAYS, "WELL, ALL RIGHT, BRUSH."" "SHE HANDS ME THE BRUSH." "AND SO I BRUSH HER HAIR" "AND I TELL YOU, SHE BECAME SO BEAUTIFUL." "SHE BECAME REALLY WHAT SIR WINSTON ALWAYS SAW IN HER" "A BEAUTIFUL WOMAN." "Murray:" "LADY CHURCHILL, OF COURSE, A VERY, VERY ACTIVE PERSON." "SHE WAS ALWAYS..." "SHE WANTED ALWAYS TO BE ON THE GO" "AND IF POSSIBLE, TO GET WINSTON TO COME ALONG WITH HER." "AND WHEN SHE SAW THAT ONCE HE GOT TO LA PAUSA" "HE WAS MORE OR LESS ANCHORED, I THINK SHE GAVE UP." "AND YOU KNOW, SHE WASN'T A PERSON TO SORT OF..." "RESPOND TO A PERSON WHO HAD BEEN A DANCER." "SHE LOVED PEOPLE OF A CERTAIN STANDARD, OR ABOVE." "Reeves:" "LADY CHURCHILL FOUND FAULT WITH EVERYTHING." "LADY CHURCHILL FOUND FAULT WITH EVERYTHING WITH EVERYBODY." "I MEAN, SARAH WOULD BITE HER NAILS OR PICK THEM" "AND SO HER HANDS WERE NOT VERY PRETTY." "SHE WAS ILL ORGANIZED." "HER HAIR WAS NOT ALWAYS NICE." "SHE WAS NEVER RIGHT." "SHE NEVER WAS WHAT LADY CHURCHILL WANTED." "SHE SUFFERED FROM THAT." "Narrator:" "CLEMENTINE'S CRITICISMS DID NOT HELP SARAH COPE" "WITH THE DEMANDS OF HER GLAMOROUS YET TROUBLED LIFE." "BY THE MID-1950s HER SECOND MARRIAGE" "TO SOCIETY PHOTOGRAPHER ANTHONY BEAUCHAMP" " HAD FAILED." "WHEN BEAUCHAMP COMMITTED SUICIDE, SARAH'S LIFE DESCENDED" "IN A SPIRAL OF DRUNKENNESS AND SCANDAL." "Browne:" "I DID WHAT I COULD TO HELP" "PARTICULARLY IN PERSUADING HER TO UNDERTAKE TREATMENT." "AND SHE WAS QUITE WILLING, QUITE AMENABLE, BUT IT DIDN'T WORK" "AND SHE'D SAID TO ME FINALLY, I REMEMBER" ""YOU'RE WASTING YOUR TIME, ANTHONY." "ALCOHOL IS PART OF MY LIFE."" "IT WAS VERY SAD, IT WAS..." "HER FATHER FELT IT VERY ACUTELY, AND SO DID SHE." "Newsreel announcer:" "MONTE CARLO WAS DELIGHTED" "ON THE DAY BEFORE THE GOLDEN WEDDING ANNIVERSARY" "WHEN SIR WINSTON AND LADY CHURCHILL PAID A SURPRISE VISIT" "WITH MEMBERS OF THEIR FAMILY." "Narrator:" "IN SEPTEMBER, 1958" "RANDOLPH CHURCHILL AND HIS DAUGHTER ARABELLA" "JOINED WINSTON AND CLEMENTINE" "ON THE DAY OF THEIR 50th WEDDING ANNIVERSARY." "WITH THE PASSING OF THE YEARS" "FATHER AND SON HAD FOUND A NEW EASE WITH ONE ANOTHER." "USING MONEY FROM THE CHURCHILL TRUST" "RANDOLPH HAD BOUGHT A HOUSE AT EAST BERGHOLT" "TRADING THE EXCITEMENT OF LONDON" "FOR THE LIFE OF A COUNTRY GENTLEMAN." "Brien:" "HE HAD QUITE A STAFF THERE." "HE HAD AN ITALIAN BUTLER." "HE HAD TWO MAIDS." "HE HAD TWO SECRETARIES." "HE HAD TWO SECRETARIES THAT WORKED 12 HOURS ON, 12 HOURS OFF ROUND THE CLOCK" "JUST IN CASE, YOU KNOW" "AN ARTICLE OR A BON MOT SHOULD APPEAR" "THEY WERE READY TO TAKE IT DOWN." "Narrator:" "RANDOLPH HAD BECOME" "ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL JOURNALISTS OF HIS TIME." "BUT HIS DREAM WAS TO WRITE WINSTON'S BIOGRAPHY" "JUST AS WINSTON HAD WRITTEN" "THAT OF HIS OWN FATHER, LORD RANDOLPH." "IT WAS ONLY AFTER YEARS OF DELAY THAT CHURCHILL FINALLY AGREED." "AND I REMEMBER HIM VERY EXCITED." "HE CAME TO SEE ME AND MY MOTHER IN LONDON TO TELL US HE GOT IT" "AND HE WAS THRILLED TO BITS." "AND WE BUILT A SPECIAL BUILDING OUT IN THE BACKYARD" "WHICH WAS TO HOLD ALL THE ARCHIVES." "THE HOUSE ACTUALLY BECAME A BUSINESS." "THE WHOLE THING WAS A BUSINESS, REALLY." "AND EVERY NIGHT, THERE WOULD BE READINGS" "OF WHAT HAD BEEN WRITTEN SO FAR." "I THINK HAVING THE BIOGRAPHY MADE HIM A LOT HAPPIER." "HE HAD MUCH MORE PURPOSE." "I MEAN, MIND YOU, HE'D ALWAYS BEEN AN EXCELLENT JOURNALIST" "HE WAS A VERY GOOD WRITER" "BUT THIS IS WHAT HE'D WANTED FOR SO LONG." "Narrator:" "RANDOLPH TRIED TO LEAD A NEW LIFE" "AND TO PATCH UP OLD RELATIONSHIPS" "BUT HE REMAINED HIS OWN WORST ENEMY." "Gilbert:" "ON ONE OCCASION, FOR EXAMPLE, HIS MOTHER CAME DOWN" "TO HAVE A DISCUSSION ABOUT THE BIOGRAPHY." "AND I'VE NEVER KNOWN HIM SO CAREFUL, ACTUALLY SO NERVOUS" "AND SO DETERMINED TO MAKE A GOOD IMPRESSION." "AND THEN SUDDENLY, IN THE MIDDLE OF LUNCH" "OR ACTUALLY VERY EARLY ON IN THE LUNCH, SOMETHING WENT WRONG" "AND HE WAS SHOUTING AND SCREAMING AT HER." "AND WITH GREAT DIGNITY, SHE ASKED SOMEONE AT THE TABLE" "TO FIND OUT THE TIME OF THE NEXT TRAIN TO LONDON" "AND TO TAKE HER TO THE STATION." "Narrator:" "SHORTLY AFTER THEIR GOLDEN WEDDING ANNIVERSARY" "WINSTON AND CLEMENTINE LEFT ON THE FIRST OF MANY CRUISES" "ABOARD ARISTOTLE ONASSIS'S YACHT, THE CHRISTINA." "Browne:" "CHRISTINA WAS A CONVERTED CANADIAN WARTIME FRIGATE" "A BIG LINER, BIG YACHT, 1,850 TONS." "AND HE LOVED GOING ON THOSE CRUISES" "THE SUN, THE RELAXATION, THE PEACE" "BECAUSE THERE WAS NOBODY SURROUNDING HIM AT ALL." "NOBODY CAME ON BOARD EXCEPT WHEN WE ARRIVED IN PORTS" "AND THEN ONLY BY INVITATION." "AND ONASSIS LAVISHED EVERY ATTENTION" "HE COULD POSSIBLY IMAGINE ON HIM." "Narrator:" "NO EFFORT WAS SPARED ABOARD THE CHRISTINA" "TO TRY TO STIR THE OLD MAN OUT OF A DEEP MELANCHOLIA" "THAT HAD SETTLED OVER HIM." "CHURCHILL RETURNED HOME FROM HIS LAST CRUISE" "TO THE NEWS THAT HIS DAUGHTER DIANA HAD COMMITTED SUICIDE." "FEEBLE AND REMOTE" "HE WAS NOT FULLY AWARE OF THE MEANING OF THE TRAGEDY." "Sandys:" "HE WAS TIRED, TIRED OF LIFE" "BUT HE WAS A VERY PEACEFUL PERSON TO BE WITH." "HE WAS VERY WARM AND VERY AFFECTIONATE." "BUT ONE COULD SENSE THE FRUSTRATION" "OF SOMEONE WHO'D HAD THIS EXTRAORDINARY LIFE" "TO SUDDENLY REALLY JUST BE EXISTING." "Narrator:" "ON NOVEMBER 10, 1964, THE FAMILY GATHERED" "TO CELEBRATE WINSTON'S 90th BIRTHDAY." "Soames:" "HE WAS VERY FRAIL BY THEN." "A LITTLE CROWD GATHERED OUTSIDE 28 HYDE PARK GATE" "AND HE CAME TO THE WINDOW TO WAVE TO THEM." "AND THEN IN THE EVENING, MY MOTHER GAVE A LOVELY PARTY" "AND I KNOW HE WAS PLEASED TO SEE US THERE." "BUT I THINK WE KNEW IT WAS THE LAST PARTY." "Narrator:" "SIX WEEKS LATER" "WINSTON CHURCHILL SUFFERED A MASSIVE STROKE." "HE DIED ON JANUARY 24, 1965, 70 YEARS TO THE DAY" "AFTER THE DEATH OF HIS FATHER, LORD RANDOLPH." "CHURCHILL'S FUNERAL WAS THE GREATEST TRIBUTE" "PAID ANYONE OUTSIDE THE ROYAL FAMILY." "BRITAIN MOURNED THE MAN WHO HAD BECOME A SYMBOL" "OF ITS OWN HEROIC PAST." "FEW NOW REMEMBERED THE QUARRELS AND CONTRADICTIONS" "OF A LIFE WHICH WAS ENDING IN GLORY." "( congregation singing hymn )" "RANDOLPH SURVIVED HIS FATHER BY THREE YEARS." "HE DIED AT THE AGE OF 57, HAVING ONLY COMPLETED TWO VOLUMES" "OF CHURCHILL'S BIOGRAPHY." "CLEMENTINE OUTLIVED HER HUSBAND BY 12 YEARS"