"[¶...] [¶...] man:" "Itwasthe eveningof" "October 1st, 1969 when I first" "Smuggled several hundred pages" "Of top secret documents out of" "My safe at the rand corporation." "The study contained 47 volumes, 7,000 pages." "My plan was to xerox the study" "And reveal the secret history" "Of the vietnam war to the" "American people." "newscaster:" "Thef.B.I.Was" "Trying to find out who gave the" "New york times a copy of the" "Pentagon's secret study... pow!" "Likeathunderclap," "You get the new york times" "Publishing the pentagon papers" "And the country is panicking." "henrykissingeron tape:" "This" "Is an attack on the whole" "Integrity of government." "If whole file cabinets can be" "Stolen and then made available" "To the press, you can't have" "Orderly government anymore." "anamehasnow comeout" "As the possible source of the" "Times' pentagon documents." "It is that of daniel ellsberg," "A top policy analyst for the" "Defense and state departments." "richardnixon:" "Ithinkitis" "Time in this country to quit" "Making national heroes out of" "Those who steal secrets and" "Publish them in the newspaper." "inthefirstyearof" "Marriage, we're talking" "About him going to prison" "For the rest of his life." "wefeltso stronglythatwe" "Were dealing with a national" "Security crisis." "Henry kissinger said that" "Dr. Daniel ellsberg was the" "Most dangerous man in america" "And he had to be stopped." "[¶...] ellsbergnarrating:" "On the" "Morning of August 4th, 1964," "I began my first full-time" "Employment in the pentagon," "Working under secretary of" "Defense robert mcnamara." "My very first day on the job," "All hell broke loose." "...[interviewed]:" "A courier" "Came running in with a flash" "Cable saying that american" "Warships were under attack" "In the tonkin gulf off the coast" "Of north vietnam." "And I was getting these because" "My boss was already down the" "Hall with mcnamara picking" "Targets to retaliate against," "Against north vietnam." "Minute after minute," "More cables came in:" ""three torpedoes have been" "Fired..." "Seven..." "We are taking evasive action."" "At about 1:30 our time comes new" "Cable from the commodore of the" "Two ships: "hold everything," in" "Effect, "all previous reports of" "Torpedoes are in question."" "renewedhostileactions" "Against United States ships" "On the high seas in the gulf" "Of tonkin have today required me" "To order the military forces" "Of the United States to take" "Action in reply." "withindays,it was" "Clearer and clearer that there" "Had been no attack." "Ishallimmediately" "Request the congress" "To pass a resolution." "[¶...] ellsbergnarrating:" "President" "Johnson was determined" "To prevent a communist victory" "In south vietnam." "He twisted the facts of the" "Tonkin gulf incident to persuade" "Congress to give him unlimited" "Authority to use military force." "He then launched a war that" "Would last another 11 years." "...Bya number" "Of hostile vessels." "[¶...] man:" "Senatorfulbright," "You moved the tonkin resolution" "Through the senate." "Did you know anything" "About the..." "Iacceptedthestory" "Given to us by the president and" "Mr. Mcnamara and mr." "Rusk and," "I believe, general wheeler." "I had no reason at that time" "And under those circumstances" "To doubt the validity," "The truthfulness of this" "Whole operation." "westillseeknowiderwar." "nowiderwar?" "As I found out day by day in the" "Pentagon, that was our highest" "Priority:" "Preparing a wider war" "Which we expected to take place" "Immediately after the election." "johnson:" "It'sawar" "That I think ought to be fought" "By the boys of asia to help" "Protect their own land." "And for that reason, I haven't" "Chosen to enlarge the war." "andthatwasaconsciouslie." "We all knew that inside" "The government and not one" "Of us told the press" "Or the public or the electorate" "During that election." "It was a well-kept secret" "By thousands and thousands" "Of people, including me." "woman:" "Muchhasbeenwritten" "About the war in vietnam, but" "Little has made us understand" "What it is really like." "My guest today," "David halberstam I had a radio program" "That was syndicated" "Across the country." "I was down in washington, d.C." "At the time, doing interviews" "Of congressmen and people" "In the government." "And a mutual friend" "Had offered to host a party on" "My behalf, and he was inviting" "His friends and he said," ""there's one friend I'll invite," "But stay away from him." "He's brilliant but dangerous."" "Meaning that he was quite a" "Ladies' man, having just" "Recently gotten divorced." "He rang the doorbell," "And they were those sunken" "Lights from the ceiling," "And they hit his blue eyes," "And I just went... [gasps]" "Like this, he was so" "Handsome. [laughs] ellsberginterviewed:" "Ijust" "Thought of her at that time" "As above my..." "Above my dating class." "I worked every Saturday," "A full day, that's 12 hours," "And every Sunday, half a day." "I did think of calling her up" "When I had my first day off" "From the pentagon." "And, uh, said, "uh, I have" "Tomorrow off, and would you like" "To go see the cherry blossoms?"" "andI said,"no," "I'm covering the peace rally" "For the radio program."" ""thisismy firstday off ," "I've been working on the war now" "For 70 hours a week and you" "Can't really ask me to spend it" "At an anti-war rally."" "crowdchanting:" "No morewar ," "No more war... ellsberginterviewed:" "We" "Marched around the white house." "I was carrying her heavy tape" "Recorder, and I remember" "Thinking, "I hope this is" "Not a still photograph" "In the washington post tomorrow, 'cause it's gonna be a little" "Hard to explain."" "andI bumpedintosome" "Friends, who were liberal," "Radical friends, and the husband" "Said, "how can you be going out" "With somebody who's working on" "Vietnam in the pentagon?"" "[¶...] [whoosh...] [explosions] ellsbergnarrating:" "Early 1965, the vietnam war was" "About to expand and I was" "One of its planners." "I had received orders" "From secretary of defense" "Robert mcnamara to gather" "Examples of atrocities" "Perpetrated by the viet cong." "The secretary hoped such" "Intelligence would convince" "President johnson to launch a" "Systematic bombing campaign" "Against north vietnam." "I had voiced my personal" "Opposition to the tactic of" "Bombing the north, but an order" "From mcnamara for fast action" "Was like an order from god." "[¶...]" "I had a whole staff in vietnam" "Collecting data for me." "I told the colonel on the other" "End of the hotline that it all" "Had to be in for the president" "By seven the next morning." "I needed details of the" "Atrocities by the viet cong" "Anywhere in vietnam." "Above all, I wanted gory details" "Of any injuries to americans." "I told the colonel," ""I need blood."" "[helicopter blades whirring," "¶...] man:" "Intheearly'60s ," "Dan ellsberg was a leading," "If not the leading, uh," "Young war thinker." "manonloudspeaker:" "Channel 6..." "Warhead... [continues indistinctly] theatomicbombhad changed" "So much and the military knew" "That they needed fresh thinking," "And they established rand and" "Deliberately located it on the" "West coast of the United States" "So that it would be beyond the" "Reach of anybody in washington" "Who wanted to meddle in it." "And essentially people were" "Encouraged to think new" "Thoughts, to think big." "[¶...]" "Dan really impressed people." "Smart, imaginative," "Good at technical reasoning," "Good at logic..." "He could collect ideas" "From anywhere..." "He could read" "Short stories and get ideas." "ellsbergnarrating:" "My work" "At harvard was on decision" "Making under uncertainty." "At the rand corporation, I was" "Studying the highest-stakes" "Hypothetical gamble in human" "History-- whether or not to" "Launch nuclear missiles on the" "Basis of ambiguous warning." "[¶...] schelling:" "Hewasfocused" "On the question: "if you had to" "Go to war, how to do it in the" "Least dangerous way?" "Who would make the decisions," "How would the decisions get" "Communicated and what were" "The options available" "To the president?"" "[¶...] ellsbergnarrating:" "About" "Four a.M. I got what I was" "Looking for." "The colonel told me, "we've just" "Gotten info that two american" "Advisors appeared to have been" "Captured and killed."" "I asked for graphic details" "To make it concrete, dramatic." "The colonel told me that their" "Bodies showed signs of being" "Dragged, perhaps by chains." "I said, "good, good," "More like that." "Wow, jesus, this is it!" "Anything else, anything like" "This anywhere else?"" "This was the only incident" "Of its kind they found." "It may have been the only one" "In the vietnam war up to that" "Point, involving americans." "But one was enough" "For my report." "At 6:30 a.M., I wrapped it up." "A little after 9:00," "Mcnamara came back from the" "White house and told my boss" "To thank me for my input." "It was exactly what he needed." "[¶...] ...[interviewed]:" "That's in fact" "The most shameful episode" "I can think of, that I really" "Did, at a critical moment," "Help mcnamara persuade the" "President by information I gave" "Him that he should start a" "Systematic campaign of bombing," "To which I was totally opposed." "man:" "Danellsbergfelt" "Everything with great intensity," "But nothing more so than this" "Notion he had of his own" "Culpability for everything" "He had done in the early years" "Of the war." "[jet engines whining...]" "He had an important role in what" "Became the most ridiculously" "Disproportional bombing campaign" "In the history of the world." "[whooshing...] [explosion] [explosion] [muffled explosions...]" "Dan was not some passive" "Bureaucratic participant in" "Vietnam; he was a true believer." "ellsbergarchival:" "Isaw" "Our involvement in the context" "Of a worldwide conflict with" "Communism, uh, a cold war" "Perspective that I shared with" "Most of my fellow officials." "vietnam,munam!" "[crowd cheers]" "Vietnam, mu nam!" "[crowd cheers] ellsberginterviewed:" "I" "Accepted the basic premises" "Within the government:" "That" "Being allied with america" "Was good for you, good for the" "Other people." "And there was an idealistic" "Aspect to it." "In vietnam, we were protecting," "Supposedly, democracy, or the" "Possibility of democracy," "Against a stalinist" "Dictatorship." "[helicopter blades whirring]" "I didn't want to watch the war" "To which we were now committed," "Back in washington;" "I wanted to be there." "I'd learned in the marine corps" "That to know what's happening," "You have to be up at" "The front line." "[¶...] ...[narrating]:" "At division" "Headquarters, they showed me" "A chart of hundreds of patrols" "Going out every night" "In their zone." "I actually picked a patrol" "From the chart and it was" "At that point that the officer" "At battalion level informed me" "There were no patrols there," "Anymore than in the rest" "Of the country." "The chart was entirely a hoax," "An illusion, like all the" "Optimistic statistics that had" "Been coming up for years." "There were no night patrols" "By our vietnamese forces." "Only the viet cong" "Were out at night." "They owned the country at night." "[engines idling," "Horns honking...] patricia:" "Wewere" "Very much in love." "¶you'remy dreamcometrue ¶" "Ijoineddaninvietnam," "And on that trip," "He asked me to marry him." "¶..." "Andonly..." "You... ¶" "¶ah...¶ patricia:" "Wewenttothis" "Party where this was this person" "Who had been in north vietnam" "And was describing the effects" "Of our bombing." "It was a, just welling-up" "Of a kind of visceral disgust." "ellsberginterviewed:" "Andwe" "Left the party." "Patricia, who'd had some drink" "During it, said..." ""howcanyoube" "Part of this?"" "Because, in some ways," "He was more part of it" "Than I think he realized." "andI wasthinking...[sighs]" ""I'm against the bombing," "I'm trying to stop all the" "Bombing in south vietnam," "Trying to do the best I can" "To moderate the killing," "And I'm not getting any credit" "For that and she's holding me" "Responsible for the whole war."" "myaccusationof dan,and I" "Think the passion with which it" "Came out, that really caused him" "To close off, because he was" "Saying, "I don't want to be with" "Somebody that is that critical" "Of me, that doesn't see that I'm" "Risking my life to try to stop" "The bombing and trying to bring" "Democracy to the country."" "But he was still buying into the" "Whole zeitgeist of that war." "The men were that his" "Colleagues, who tended to be" "People in the state department," "Were actually loving the whole" "Scene of the danger, the risk," "The adventure, almost like being" "In a john wayne movie or" "Something like that." "["marines' hymn" playing...] ellsberginterviewed:" "I" "Think a lot of people want to" "Join the marines to see" "If they're up to it." "Never been able to throw" "A hardball, couldn't play" "With guns..." "I wanted to be a soldier," "So the marines were a chance" "To do that." "I think I was the only first" "Lieutenant in the 2nd marine" "Division to have a rifle" "Company and I loved being" "A company commander." "Having the responsibility" "For 211 men, being totally" "In charge of their welfare" "And their training." "That was the happiest period of" "My life, uh, professionally," "Looking back on it, still is." "[¶...] patricia:" "I leftandIcould" "Tell he was withdrawn." "His heart withdrew into a safe" "That I didn't have" "The combination to." "soinmy ownmind,uh," "This isn't gonna happen." "How can I be married to somebody" "Who doesn't give me the benefit" "Of the doubt on this somehow?" "As far as I was concerned," "The engagement was off." "[automatic gunfire...] man:" "I firstmetellsberg" "In the paddy fields" "Of the northern mekong delta" "In mid-1966." "He had a schmeisser submachine" "Gun in his hand, he was dressed" "In fatigues, and he was" "Attempting to lead an american" "Infantry company on an attack on" "A sniper position in a hamlet." "Dan ellsberg then was very" "Hawkish and very eager." "man:" "Washe thenamarine?" "no,hewasn't," "He was a civilian." "[talking over each other]" "I asked him what the devil was" "He doing in the mekong delta" "With a schmeisser" "Machine-pistol." "He said he had gone there to" "Look at how the war was going." "He thought it wasn't going" "Very well and he wanted" "To see it go better." "[¶...] ellsbergnarrating:" "Iwas" "Walking point with three other" "Men ahead of the main company" "So we could spot an ambush." "[automatic gunfire...]" "We heard firing from behind us." "Looking back, I saw two" "Viet cong in ragged shorts" "Firing ak-47s." "[gunfire...] ...[archival]:" "You'd get on that" "Position, there'd be no one" "There and then you'd be hit from" "Another clump, and I believe" "That bands were working us" "Essentially, alternately" "Leapfrogging each other." "...[narrating]:" "They must have" "Been lying in the water" "As we walked by and now they" "Were firing at the troops" "Following us." "We couldn't fire at them" "Because we'd be firing" "At our own troops." "...[archival]:" "Now in the course" "Of a day like that," "You get a very great respect" "For these people who are in" "Effect running circles around" "An american battalion." "I remember looking up at a" "Sergeant as we lay after about" "The 15th of these incidents" "And saying, "do you ever feel" "Like the redcoats?"" "And he said, "yeah, I've been" "Thinking that all day."" "[¶...] ...[narrating]:" "I was beginning" "To realize we couldn't beat this" "Enemy in their own backyard." "We were not going to win." "These guys were not going to" "Give up." "...[interviewed]:" "On the way" "Back, which was on mcnamara's" "Plane, I'd had the chance to" "Give him more than a hundred" "Single-spaced pages of my memos." "He sat there and he hadn't" "Apparently brought a lot to" "Read." "And I had the great bureaucratic" "Pleasure of watching my superior" "Actually read my papers, and" "Not just toss them aside." "So he knew what I was thinking" "Very much about the stalemate" "In vietnam and the fact that" "Things weren't improving." "Toward the end of the flight," "He called me to the rear of" "The plane, "dan, I'm having" "An argument here." "He says that things are" "Improving, that we're making" "Progress." "And I say things are worse," "Worse than they were a year ago." "You're the one who knows." "What do you say the answer is?"" "Said, "well, mr." "Secretary," "I'm most impressed with how much" "The same things are than a year" "Ago."" "And he said, "you see, you see?" "That's exactly what I'm saying." "We've put another hundred" "Thousand troops in there." "Things are exactly, are no" "Better, that means they're" "Really worse."" "We were on the ground," "And mcnamara was going out into" "A foggy day and I was behind" "Him." "robertmcnamaraon tape:" "You" "Asked whether I was optimistic" "Or pessimistic." "Today I can tell you that" "Military progress in the past 12 months has exceeded our" "Expectations." "hewassaying,"gentlemen," "I'm very encouraged by what" "I've seen in vietnam." "In every respect things are" "Better now." "That we're making progress," "Everything is better." "And I was thinking, "I hope I'm" "Never in a job where I have to" "Lie like that."" "...[narrating]:" "I learned that" "Mcnamara's grave doubts about" "The war continued to deepen." "Behind closed doors, he" "Recommended pulling back on" "The bombing and pushed for" "A political settlement." "Johnson rejected mcnamara's" "Advice." "mcnamarahadasensethen ," "Very much like people have now," "That this was a tragic blunder," "That we were in the middle of" "A catastrophe." "Uh, and that it was important to" "Try to understand how we had" "Gotten into that catastrophe." "ellsbergnarrating:" "In June" "Of 1967, mcnamara ordered" "A comprehensive study within" "The pentagon on the history of" "U.S. Involvement in vietnam." "wewentto therand" "Corporation and recruited the" "People there who did historical" "Studies and of course one of" "The people we asked was" "Daniel ellsberg." "ellsbergnarrating:" "My" "Involvement in the study would" "Change my life, and change" "History in ways I couldn't have" "Imagined." "morthalperin:" "We classified" "The pentagon papers study as" "Top secret, and every page of" "Every study is top secret 'cause" "We considered the existence of" "The study to be top secret," "But the person we were trying to" "Keep it from was not" "The vietnamese-- who would not" "Have cared at all-- or" "The russians or the chinese," "But lyndon johnson." "We feared through the whole" "Study that if the president" "Found out about it, that he" "Would stop it, because johnson" "Knew that mcnamara had doubts" "About the war and believed that" "There were bands of civilians in" "The pentagon determined to do" "Everything they could to get us" "Out of vietnam." "Idon'twantamaninhereto" "Go back home thinking otherwise." "We are going to win." "[explosions, automatic gunfire] ellsbergnarrating:" "But" "Johnson's optimism was about to" "Shatter." "On vietnam's new year, 1968," "A massive surprise attack caught" "U.S. Troops completely off" "Guard." "For the first time, the war" "Reached into vietnam's cities" "And towns, including saigon." "The tet offensive was a" "Devastating blow to u.S. Morale" "And the american public began to" "Lose faith in the war." "mikewallace:" "Withabold" "Series of raids during the last" "Three days, the enemy in vietnam" "Has demolished the myth that" "Allied military strength" "Controls that country." "The communists hit the very" "Heart of saigon... ellsbergnarrating:" "When" "Johnson's top general asked for" "More troops, the request was" "Leaked to the new york times." "The story caused a tremendous" "Uproar in congress." "henrycabotlodge:" "Iwould" "Feel that our people were badly" "Misguided and did not understand" "The consequences of such" "A disaster." "well,weagreeononething :" "That they can be badly" "Misguided, and you and" "The president, in my judgment," "Have been misguiding them for" "A long time in this war." "Irealizenowthatmy" "Previous attitude had been" "Simply mistaken." "That I wasn't discharging my" "Responsibilities to the country," "To the constitution, uh, to" "The public or to the troops," "By keeping those secrets which" "Had led to the escalation of" "The war, that that had been" "Wrong." "But the question was, what would" "Make a difference?" "...[narrating]:" "I met with" "Reporter neil sheehan at" "The new york times and leaked" "Information about a secret" "C.I.A. Report on enemy troop" "Strength." "The story made the front page." "It was the first time I had gone" "Outside official channels to" "Affect the conduct of the war." "[playing chopin...] judithehrlich:" "Dan,whendid" "You start playing the piano?" "oh,whenIwas fivetill" "I was about 15." "ehrlich:" "Andhowseriouswere" "You at the time?" "well,I spentallmytime" "Playing then for 10 years and" "Then didn't play for another 40." "[laughs] ehrlich:" "Whathappened?" "uh,mymotherdied,andshe" "Was the one who wanted me to be" "A concert pianist." "On July 4th, 1946, we were" "Traveling to denver, going" "Through the cornfields of iowa," "Very hot day, in the middle of" "The day, and my father" "Fell asleep at the wheel," "And the car went off the road" "Into a culvert-- a wall rising" "By the side of the road, and" "Sheared off the side of the car" "Where my mother and sister were" "Sitting and killed my mother" "And sister." "I was on the other side behind" "The driver, so I got" "A concussion and a broken knee." "And I was in a coma for 36 hours" "And then in the hospital for" "About 3-1/2 months." "So, um, I think it did probably" "Leave, uh, the impression on me" "That, uh, someone you loved," "Like my father, or respected," "An authority, could fall asleep" "At the wheel, and, um, had to be" "Watched, not because they were" "Bad, but because they were" "Inattentive perhaps to" "The risks." "[¶...] 11 months earlier, when I was" "14, hiroshima had been" "Destroyed, and nagasaki." "I was very concerned about this" "Turn of human events." "I thought it was very ominous." "What I saw as a moral, extremely" "Questionable act by our" "President-- whom I admired," "Harry truman-- got confounded in" "My mind with my father's failure" "To stay alert and allowing" "The car to kill my mother and" "Sister." "Ishallnotseek..." "And I will not accept..." "The nomination of my party for" "Another term as your president." "richardnixon:" "Neverhas so" "Much power been used so" "Ineffectively as in vietnam." "ellsbergnarrating:" "Support" "For the war was plummeting after" "Tet, and johnson withdrew from" "The 1968 presidential race." "richardnixon:" "Ipledgeto" "You, we shall have an honorable" "End to the war in vietnam." "ellsbergnarrating:" "Richard" "Nixon won the election promising" "Peace with honor." "The public had been led to" "Believe that he had a secret" "Plan to end the war." "...Henry kissinger was then" "Talking about the need to get" "Out of vietnam with a decent" "Interval." "Now that was quite a radical" "Point of view for an" "Establishment person at that" "Time." "To say, we should be out and all" "We ask is that they not" "Embarrass us by taking it over" "Immediately." "That led in me, but in nearly" "Everybody, to the false" "Impression that presumably nixon" "Agreed with it." "Nixon didn't agree with that" "For a minute." "[¶...]" "I had given a set of options to" "Kissinger I'd drafted at rand." "Six or seven alternative" "Approaches in vietnam to" "Consider at his first national" "Security council meeting" "With nixon." "And he at one point said, "dan," "You don't have a 'win' option."" "And I said, "well, I don't think" "There is a 'win' option."" "I said, "you could double" "The number of troops and that" "Would keep things quieter," "But until they left." "You could use nuclear weapons" "And kill all the people." "I wouldn't call that a win." "So there just, as far as I see," "Is no way to win."" "I took that opportunity to tell" "Him something that I'd long" "Thought of telling somebody who" "Was about to enter the world of" "Really high secrecy." "And I said, "henry, you're about" "To get a lot of clearances" "Higher than top secret, that you" "Did not know existed." "That's going to have a sequence" "Of effects on you." "First, a great exhilaration that" "You're getting all this amazing" "Information that you didn't know" "Even existed." "And the next phase is you'll" "Feel like a fool for not having" "Known of any of this." "But that won't last long." "Very soon, you'll come to think" "That everyone else is foolish." "'what would this expert be" "Telling me if he knew what" "I knew?" "'" "So in the end, you stop" "Listening to them."" "morthalperin:" "Ithink" "Everybody thought that nixon" "Had been elected to end the war" "And was gonna end the war." "And it became very clear to me" "That, uh, he was not." "ellsberg:" "Morthalperinwas" "Working for kissinger in" "The white house." "In the late summer of '69, mort" "Told me, "he's staying in, and" "He's threatening escalation."" "[¶...] ellsbergnarrating:" "In August" "Of 1969, I read the earliest" "Parts of the mcnamara study" "For the first time." "Seeing the war from its" "Beginning affected me more than" "I thought possible." "It changed my whole sense of" "The legitimacy of the war." "What I learned was that it was" "An american war from the start." "President truman financed" "The french to retake its former" "Colony, even though he knew the" "French were fighting a national" "Movement that had the support of" "The people." "thecostof defending" "Freedom, of defending america," "Must be paid in many forms and" "In many places." "ellsbergnarrating:" "Eisenhower supported a brutal" "Dictator in canceling elections" "Called for by the 1954 geneva" "Accords." "So we opposed elections while" "Pretending to support democracy." "weareattemptingtohelp" "Vietnam maintain its" "Independence and not fall" "Under the domination" "Of the communists." "ellsbergnarrating:" "Kennedy" "Lied to the public and to" "Congress, saying we would need" "Only advisors, even though his" "Own military experts told him" "That south vietnam would be lost" "Without an immediate commitment" "Of american combat units." "westillseeknowiderwar." "ellsbergnarrating:" "Inow saw" "That johnson was continuing" "A pattern of presidential lying." "Each president wanted to avoid" "The stigma of losing indochina" "To communism on his watch." "It wasn't that we were on" "The wrong side." "We were the wrong side." "It was a crime from the start," "Carried out by four presidents" "As revealed in this study." "And now a fifth president was" "Doing the same with no end" "In sight." "The hundreds of thousands" "We were killing was unjustified" "Homicide, and I couldn't see" "The difference between that and" "Murder." "Murder had to be stopped." "richardnixonon tape:" "henrykissingeron tape:" "janakitschannerl:" "He came" "From an enormously powerful" "War-bureaucratic machine." "And so his thinking came from" "The entrails of that machine." "He had begun to question his own" "Past activities." "You know, "what did I do?" "Where was I going, what is" "The meaning of that picture with" "The rifle in my hand?"" "ellsberginterviewed:" "Iwent" "To a conference to meet people" "Who were using non-violent" "Resistance in their lives." "A friend of mine told me that" "He had been a trotskyist," "A labor organizer." "And I thought, how does one" "Come to be a trotskyist?" "He said, "oh, it's like anything" "Else, I met a girl."" "And it's the way it is." "So, I met a girl from india" "Who had been a gandhian." "I hear her saying to someone" "Else, at some point, "I come" "From a culture in which we have" "No concept of enemy."" "And it seemed to me you could" "No more do without the concept" "Of enemy than without the" "Concept of zero in arithmetic." "Ireadintohis questioning," "A real wanting to know," "And a real wanting to know" "Because he had seen certain" "Things that he didn't like" "And that he didn't want to have" "Continued in the world." "And so that was the kind of link" "I think with what we were all" "Trying to do." "ellsberginterviewed:" "Ifound" "Myself handing out leaflets in" "This long vigil line." "And at first, I simply felt" "Ridiculous." "I felt that you could see" "The words on my forehead" "Practically: "what am I doing" "Here?"" "And "what is this about?"" "I knew that if any of my" "Colleagues at rand or" "The pentagon were somehow to" "Catch word of my doing this," "They would think I had gone mad." "Those that impressed me on" "The importance of being willing" "To pay a cost yourself were some" "Young men who were going to" "Prison by refusing to cooperate" "With the draft." "One young man, randy kehler," "Was giving a talk." "withinthatcrowdofpeople," "I was introduced to this fellow" "From a background that didn't" "Quite fit with the others... [laughs] and that was dan." "andhetalkedverypersonally" "About what had led him to leave" "Stanford and join the war" "Resister's league office." "ifyoucanimaginea 25-year-old about to go to trial" "Having been indicted on five" "Counts, each one of which had a" "Maximum sentence of five years." "andashe wastellingthis ," "He said, "yesterday our friend" "Bob went to jail," and his voice" "Broke a little at this." "And then he said, "a week ago," "David harris," who's the husband" "Of joan baez, "went to prison."" "And he said, "and I'm really" "Happy that I'll be joining them." "But I'm not worried because" "I know that the rest of you" "Will be carrying on."" "So by this time, everybody was" "Standing and just clapping," "But-- and crying." "And I was crying." "And I left the auditorium and I" "Found a men's room that was" "Deserted, sat on the tile floor" "Just sobbing, hysterically" "Crying for just-- sobbing for" "A long time, for over an hour." "And I had these various" "Thoughts, but one of the" "Thoughts was, "the best thing" "That the best young men of our" "Country can do is go to prison."" "When I heard you say these" "Words, "I'm going to prison,"" "It was as if an axe had split" "My head." "But... [emotionally]" "But what had really happened was" "That my life had split in two." "And it was my life after" "Those words that I've lived" "Ever since." "...And eventually, I got up" "And washed my face, and then" "I think I cried some more," "And then I thought, "o.K., now" "What can I do to help end" "This war, now that I'm ready to" "Go to prison?"" "[faint conversation" "And laughter...] ...This trick is called" "The square circle." "Square... tomoliphant:" "Oneofthe" "Things that stood out about dan" "Was how severe dan's judgments" "Were about himself." "More than most people I had met," "It seemed to me he was still," "As a relatively recent convert," "He was still sort of transfixed" "By this question, "how could I" "Have done what I did?"" "ellsberg:" "O.K.?" "oliphant:" "Andslowly" "He began filling in the blanks" "Of this thing I had never" "Heard of: "the study."" "Now, I obviously didn't believe" "In magic potions, but clearly he" "Was referring to something that" "Was so definitive that it was" "Capable of changing your view." "[¶...] man:" "Danwasheadedtoward" "Walking through the door" "Of being a radical," "But he would always take half," "He would always go halfway." "Back at the rand corporation," "He sought me out." "He said he wanted me to brief" "Him on intelligence in vietnam," "U.S. Military intelligence." "And so I said, "o.K., have" "A seat."" "...All the vietnamese have ever" "Wanted is self-determination," "Really." "ellsberginterviewed:" "He 'd" "Been in vietnam for a couple of" "Years and had a much more" "Radical view of the war than" "I did at that point." "And I talked to him quite a bit" "At rand and I liked him." "He's a very likeable person." "Very forthcoming, very funny," "Very, very smart." "hehadsortofgivenup" "All his old cohorts at the rand" "Corporation and was hanging out" "With me." "He was in my office every day." "And we'd go out to dinner" "And we'd double date." "And people were buzzing about" "It, because he had been one of" "The top dogs." "hedidreportsthat" "Ultimately got him fired, uh," "About torture and various other" "Reports that they didn't like." "After he left rand, he talked" "About lies in the studies he had" "Done, lying that had gone on." "I said I knew of a study," "Had been reading a study that" "Revealed very high-level lying." "Isaid,"dan,you should" "Leak that to the press."" "[¶...] ellsbergnarrating:" "Keeping" "Silent in public about what" "I had read and heard made me" "An accomplice." "It was not only they who had" "Kept all these decisions quiet," "Hidden from the american public." "I had kept them quiet." "My motives, to be sure, were" "Initially those of an observer," "A rand social scientist" "Interested in understanding" "The internal processes of" "Government." "But my role was one of" "A participant, even when I acted" "As an internal critic." "Having expressed my objections," "I stayed in place, observed," "Took part-- in short, I did" "The jobs assigned to me." "Henry david thoreau said," ""cast your whole vote, not" "A strip of paper merely," "But your whole influence."" "What if I were willing to give" "Up my top secret clearance," "My career, my privileged access" "To decision makers?" "What if I gave all that up?" "What if I were willing to risk" "Prosecution?" "...[interviewed]:" "Then I thought" "All right, I have in my safe" "Thousands of pages of documents" "That give the lie to this" "Pattern of deception." "I'm not going to be part of this" "System of lying anymore." "So, I went and saw tony," "And I said to him, "you know" "That study I mentioned, I have" "It and I'm ready to put it out," "I'm gonna put it out now." "Can you help me?"" ""canyoufind" "A xerox machine?"" "I said, "I've got" "The very place."" "[¶...] ellsbergnarrating:" "Ibegan" "Xeroxing the mcnamara study" "In the fall of 1969." "At the end of the day," "Working at rand, I would put" "Several volumes into my" "Briefcase to take with me." "Walking past the security" "Guards, I could feel my heart" "Beating." "I couldn't help thinking about" "The dozen or so secrecy" "Agreements I had signed over" "The course of my career in" "Government." "The task seemed endless." "I often worked through" "The night." "Early in the morning, I returned" "The papers to my safe at rand" "And headed home." "...[interviewed]:" "I'd get back" "To my house on a little narrow" "Beach in malibu." "I loved to bodysurf and I would" "Go in every morning, uh, before" "I went to bed." "And I remember at some point" "During this, being in the waves," "In the sunlight, and looking" "Back at the hills in malibu" "And the waves which I loved," "And thinking, "how can I be" "Doing this, how can I be giving" "All this up?"" "Iwas13 at thetime." "He said there was a secret" "History of the vietnam war" "That he'd been reading," "And he had a copy of this." "And he had decided that he" "Wanted to make a copy of it and" "Make it available to congress." "He described it in terms of" "Civil disobedience." "Would I help him?" "I didn't suppose that he" "Literally needed my help," "But that this was something" "Risky and very important to him." "And it was important to him that" "I be a part of it some way." "And I think that very afternoon," "We began copying the pentagon" "Papers." "ellsberginterviewed:" "The" "Children were in-between on this" "When I-- in a way that I didn't" "Realize." "Their mother, my former wife," "Really thought that I'd done" "Something very bad and had" "Involved her children in it." "Whereas, my thought was that" "I'd given them a chance to be in" "On something quite historic." "Well, I didn't know when I'd be" "Stopped, and I thought it would" "Be within a matter of weeks," "And that I might never see my" "Children again except through" "Thick glass." "I wanted my son, who was 13," "To see that I was doing this" "Because I thought it was" "The right thing to do and doing" "It in a straightforward manner," "That I hadn't gone crazy." "[¶...]" "There was a night where mary," "My daughter, who was only 10," "Got into it." "She complained about being" "Left in the car, so she came up." "So, I gave her a job to do." "Tony was copying and robert was" "Collating and mary was cutting" ""top secret" off the top and" "Bottom of the pages." "justworkingaway,whenall" "Of a sudden there was a knock" "On the door." "ellsberginterviewed:" "There" "Was a knock on the door," "The glass door next to me, and I" "See two large blue-uniformed" "Policemen." "andtherewasanl.A.P.D." "Standing there." "And I said to myself," ""these guys are really good."" "sotheysawthisfamily" "Scene, you know, of my 10-year-old daughter and" "13-year-old son." "I sort of casually covered" "The mach..." "I took the lid and I" "Put it over the top secret stuff" "On this and cleared up a little" "And then opened the door." "uh,theysaid,"youknow ," "Your alarm's gone off again,"" "And he said, "oh, I'm sorry," "I gotta learn how to figure out" "How to do that."" "And they said, "o.K., you know," "Be more careful."" "tonyrusso:" "Ithought," "There was the guy looking" "Through the window at me," "At the crime of the century," ""crime" in quotes, of course." "And, uh, didn't realize it, went" "Right on, never realized it," "Never heard from him again." "[¶...] ellsbergnarrating:" "Thestudy" "Was 47 volumes, 7,000 pages." "It would take me months of" "Xeroxing." "I put my hopes in congress." "I took the papers to the most" "Outspoken critics of the war." "Surely they would embrace these" "Revelations and would want to" "Make them public." "...The people that I needed to" "Talk or somehow to reach were" "The ones who had been saying" "They had been against the war" "For years." "Years while I was supporting" "The war, longer than me." "Who said that they saw through" "The war, that they saw that it" "Was wrong, and what I wanted" "Them to do now, and what I still" "Want them to do, and what they" "Still can do, is to act." "...[narrating]:" "But no one did." "Meanwhile the war was" "Escalating." "Then I heard congressman" "Pete mccloskey give a speech." "Isaid,"I thinkthey're" "Not telling us the truth" "About vietnam," and I told" "Some of the things I had" "Just seen a month earlier." "ellsberginterviewed:" "He had" "Come back and revealed" "Information about the secret" "Bombing of laos." "Here was a u.S. Representative" "Using the word "lies."" "So I thought, "all right, here's" "A man with the guts then to use" "Some documentation."" "andsomebodyhandedme" "A note." "The note said, "you're right," "I have information that will" "Document what you're saying."" "ellsberginterviewed:" "Andhe" "Said he'd like to discuss it" "With me but that he was shortly" "Leaving and if I was willing to" "Come with him, we could talk" "About it on the way." "So to show how desperate I was" "At this point, I was paying for" "A trip to california just to" "Talk with this representative." "mccloskey:" "Andhe hada" "Passion about him, an intensity," "I guess is the best way I'd" "Describe it." "He didn't smile much." "He was deadly serious wanting me" "To understand these documents." "Ithoughtthenand Ithink" "More now than before, that" "Documents had a power to be" "Taken seriously and to attract" "Attention that nothing else did." "mccloskey:" "I thinkall" "Of us, knowing that they were" "Top secret, were not sure what" "Our rights were with respect to" "Top secret documents." "But those papers were" "A revelation and I testified in" "Front of the fulbright committee" "And afterwards I went up to him" "And I said, "senator, I've got" "A set of papers here that if" "They were known to the public," "Would cause public opinion to" "Turn against the war."" "Well, he said, "yeah, I got" "A set too."" "man:" "Thereobviously" "Was a kind of culture of" "Timidity in congress," "A deference to the executive" "Branch and a fear of being" "Called unpatriotic." "A fear of being accused of" "Revealing military secrets" "And so on." "And that this culture was so" "Strong that even senators and" "Congressmen who were against" "The war didn't want to do" "Anything with the papers that" "Dan ellsberg offered them." "[¶...] ellsberginterviewed:" "Ihad" "Told my former wife" "What I was doing." "She had told her stepmother," "Who had then told the f.B.I.," "It turned out." "And the f.B.I. Then came" "To harry rowen." "As president of rand, he had" "Been involved in getting me" "Access to the pentagon papers." "His impression at the time was" "That I had not broken any law" "If I had given it to the senate," "That they had a right to see it." "But I expected the f.B.I." "To come down on me very shortly" "After that." "patricia:" "Hehadreally" "Radically changed in his view" "Of the war, and I knew that," "I knew he'd changed." "In the first year of marriage," "We're talking about him going to" "Prison for the rest of life." "He gave me a number of" "The papers to read." "And as I was reading it," "I was horrified by the coldness," "The calculatedness, and in" "Particular, the language of" "The torturers." "There were quotes saying," ""we'll give the north vietnamese" "One more turn of the screw."" "Or "let's try the water drop" "Technique."" "And I was thinking," ""what is this?" "How can the leaders of our" "Country be talking in this" "Language and then misleading" "The american public?"" "And then I just started to cry." "Because I knew that he really" "Had to give them out." "And so there were tears in my" "Eyes and I came out and I just" "Said, "do it."" "[¶...] man:" "I walkedintothishotel" "Room where he and I holed up," "And neil says, "rick, look at" "What we've got!"" "I mean, it was just staggering." "The raw, top secret," "Eyes-only documents." "From earle wheeler to general" "Westmoreland, from johnson" "To taylor." "You could go back and see," "Yes, kennedy did send in troops" "In violation of the geneva" "Accord, yes, johnson did start" "The buildup before he said" "He was going to." "I remember writing this story." "These guys were lying through" "Their teeth when they were" "Talking to us, and here it is" "In black and white, there's no" "Way of denying it!" "man:" "Theeditors" "Immediately understood that this" "Thing was so sensitive and was" "Going to have to be kept under" "Wraps, and so they decided to" "Move the whole thing out of" "The new york times offices" "And to go and rent a suite" "At the hilton." "therewerealot of" "Difficult, important decisions" "To be made, and we needed to" "Know the material in order to" "Make those decisions, and that" "Took time." "And ellsberg couldn't" "Understand... [laughs]" "Ellsberg was constantly" "Pressing, he always wanted to" "Know:" "When was the times gonna" "Run this?" "Was the times really gonna" "Run this?" "Was it really gonna be big?" "When was it gonna happen?" "asa source,Isortof" "Thought of myself as being on" "The team somehow, you know," "And that we were a joint first" "Amendment, informing the public" "Kind of mission and, uh," "You know, working together." "They clearly didn't think of me" "In that way." "oncesomebodygaveus" "Material, it was our job to" "Determine what to do with it," "How to play it, what to use," "Whether or not to use it." "[¶...] zinn:" "May'71," "There was a planned" "Demonstration in washington" "For people to commit acts of" "Civil disobedience" "To block streets and to block" "Bridges, to do everything" "Possible to disrupt life in" "Washington in order to" "Demonstrate the anger against" "The war." "In other words, the intensity of" "Feeling about the war had grown." "So a number of us gathered in" "My apartment." "Noam chomsky and dan ellsberg" "And I, we went to washington" "And we formed ourselves as an" "Affinity group." "And dan ellsberg was, you might" "Say, our squad leader." "He took command and he was" "Telling us when to get up" "And when to sit down and when to" "Move and where to move, and" "He was very decisive and we" "Followed his orders." "Not exactly a democratic" "Situation." "[siren wailing]" "We would sit down in the middle" "Of the street, tear gas would be" "Lobbed in our direction and we" "Would, uh, run... [laughs]" "The national guard was out and" "The 101st airborne had descended" "On washington." "The level of anti-war activity" "Had been raised." "[¶...] smith:" "Shouldwe do it ," "Shouldn't we do it?" "And neil and I, after we got" "A feel for what was in there," "Argued that we could go ahead;" "That this would not jeopardize" "National security and indeed it" "Was a public service." "allI knewwastheyhad" "A bunch of classified papers." "And the question for me" "As a lawyer is, "can you" "Publish classified papers?"" "The law here is the statute" "Called the espionage act." "And if you read it and" "Stretched it and pushed it," "It was possible to apply it" "To the publication of the" "Pentagon papers." "smith:" "Now,we 'resitting" "There down in the engine room" "Doing the work, we're not up at" "The corporate hierarchy, but" "We're hearing, we're hearing the" "Battles going on up there, and" "We hear that, of course the news" "Comes to us because we're" "At risk too, that the law firm" "The times had used for decades" "Said, "don't publish, and by" "The way, you're all violating" "The espionage act and you're" "Gonna go to jail."" "Believe me, we heard that." "And happily, jim goodale," "As the times' in-house attorney," "Took a different position." "theriskthatthe new york" "Times took was a life-and-death" "Risk of an institution." "And I don't mean the 5,000" "People who worked for the times." "I mean, the leader" "Of the institutional press" "In a free country." "lurkinginthebacksofour" "Minds was the fact that, um," "We would never survive, uh," "Just suppressing this material," "That, sooner or later," "It would be known that we had it" "And that we had flinched and" "That we had not published it," "And that that would have been" "Such a disgrace." "andweheardthe publisher" "Wavered back and forth and then" "Finally, about 10 days," "While we're gearing up" "This enormous..." "What are we" "Publishing, gone with the wind" "Three times over in 10 days?" "I mean, this was a huge project." "Um, we finally hear the" "Publisher had signed off and was" "Gonna agree to do it." "And I remember that jimmy" "Greenfield told us he was" "Taking the publisher golfing" "On Saturday, which was the" "Day the presses ran," "To make sure the publisher" "Didn't change his mind." "zinn:" "I guessit was" "A Saturday night." "The four of us, dan and pat" "Ellsberg and my wife, decided" "We'd go to the movies to see a" "Movie that dan ellsberg, I" "Think, had seen seven times and" "Wanted to see again:" "Butch" "Cassidy and the sundance kid." "I could see that dan was" "Agitated in some way" "And I asked him what was going" "On and he said he had called a" "Friend on the new york times and" "This friend of his said, "well," "I can't talk to you now, the" "Times building is encircled by" "Armed guards and the printing" "Presses are rolling and we are" "Printing tomorrow a top secret" "Government document."" "[¶...] thisweekend,portions" "Of a highly classified" "Pentagon document came to light" "For all the world to see" "And brought cries of outrage" "From washington." "thepentagonpapersmakeit" "Abundantly clear how little the" "Public knew of what was going on" "Behind the scenes during... itsmaineffectistorefute" "The notion that we stumbled" "Into the war... atthewhitehouse," "A spokesman said president nixon" "Got his first look at the secret" "Report when a copy was" "Delivered to him today." "alexanderhaigon tape:" "This," "Uh, goddamn new york times" "Exposé of the most highly" "Classified documents of the war." "nixon:" "Youmeanthat,that" "Was leaked out of the pentagon?" "haig:" "Sir,thisisa" "Devastating security breach of" "The greatest magnitude of" "Anything I've ever seen." "nixon:" "Well,didweknow this" "Was coming out?" "haig:" "No,we didnot ,sir ." "nixon:" "I 'djuststartright" "At the top and fire some people." "I mean, whatever department" "It came out of, I'd fire" "The top guy." "mccloskey:" "Thefirstissue" "They ran had a paragraph from" "The assistant secretary of" "Defense to secretary mcnamara." "I can almost tell it by memory:" ""we're in vietnam 10% to help" "The south vietnamese, 20% to" "Hold back the chinese, and 70%" "To save american face."" "Well, every woman in america" "That had a boyfriend or a" "Husband, they could take it" "If we were defending the south" "Vietnamese, but to learn we're" "Just trying to save face, that" "Is a thing that angers you." "[¶...] goodale:" "Mondaywas" "A very interesting day." "I came back to the new york" "Times, hustled on the elevator," "Went up to the top" "Executive floor." "There was the biggest" "Shouting argument" "I ever heard in my life." "A telegram had come" "From john mitchell," "Nixon's attorney general." "The telegram said, "we want you" "To stop publication immediately," "And if you don't we're gonna" "Take appropriate action."" "I mean, what in god's name" "Have we been fighting for in" "This country for two or three" "Hundred years to have the right" "To speak and the right to" "Publish, the right to think," "Against a threat by the" "Government, if all we're gonna" "Do is give it all up because" "Someone sends you a telegram?" "newscaster:" "A federalcourt" "Has ordered the new york times" "To stop publication temporarily." "The government asked for and got" "An injunction against the times." "goodale:" "Beforethenixon" "Administration enjoined the new" "York times, there had never" "Been another injunction brought" "Against a media company" "In a federal court." "cronkite:" "A namehasnow come" "Out as the possible source of" "The times' pentagon documents." "It is that of daniel ellsberg, 40 years old, one-time marine," "Later a top policy analyst" "For the defense and state" "Departments during the" "Vietnam buildup." "newscaster:" "Therewasnosign" "Of professor ellsberg or his" "Family at their home in" "Cambridge, massachusetts." "patricia:" "Andwe 'relooking" "On the television morning news," "And we notice that the f.B.I." "Is at our little apartment" "In cambridge and we say," ""we can't go back."" "We go to a motel for a couple" "Of nights, under false names." "We don't have any clothes," "We don't have a toothbrush," "We don't have anything." "zinn:" "Heknewthey'dbe" "Looking for him." "He knew they'd be looking to" "Arrest him, and he wanted to" "Have an opportunity to give" "The papers to more newspapers." "man:" "I cameoutofa 3: 00" "Meeting the day after the times" "Had been enjoined and my deputy" "Said, "maybe you better" "Look at this."" "I dialed a number and a voice" "Said, "if I can get you what you" "Want, will you print them?"" "Uh, I said, "damn well" "We'll print them."" "newscaster:" "Thepostpicked" "Up the pentagon story where the" "Times left off but was ordered" "To halt its publication" "Of the material in a court" "Ruling last night." "ellsbergnarrating:" "Therewas" "No way of knowing when the new" "York times and washington post" "Could resume publication" "Of the papers, if at all." "This could be the end," "Unless other newspapers were" "Willing to defy the government." "I had heard that senator" "Mike gravel would do" "A daily filibuster" "Until the draft expired." "I'mjustchuggingalong" "With my filibuster and I get" "A phone call, and I don't know" "Who it is." "He says immediately," ""is this senator gravel?"" "I say, "yes, it is."" "He says, "would you read" "The pentagon papers as part" "Of your filibuster?"" "I said, "yes." "Now please hang up."" "asI putit to himoverthe" "Phone, "if you're really gonna" "Do a filibuster, I can give you" "Material that'll keep you busy" "Reading until christmas."" "thepersonwhophysically" "Gave me the papers" "Was ben bagdikian." "He was the editor" "At the washington post." "he'sa juniorsenatorand" "He's from alaska, and that" "Doesn't carry much weight." "So he was, I think, chair of the" "Building and grounds committee." "gravel:" "Sowe meetand Iwant" "To be a little secretive," "So we're meeting outside the" "Senate chambers in the columns" "Next to the capitol." "Lo and behold, bob dole" "Comes up, and dole sees me" "And he has something to say" "To me, so he comes over." "So ben slips behind the column" "And I try to dismiss dole" "Real quick." "And then I go back to ben." "He's gonna get the papers to me" "In some faraway dark corner of" "Maybe rock creek park." "I say, "ben, that's not the way" "We're gonna do it." "At midnight..." [bell dings]" ""under the marquee of the" "Mayflower hotel, you will park" "Your car there, I will come up" "Next with my car, I'll get out," "You open the trunk of your car," "And I'll open the trunk" "Of my car."" "bagdikian:" "I drivedowninmy" "Karmann ghia and he's got a" "Couple of aides there and I" "Said, "this is heavy, you may" "Want your aides to carry it."" "He said, "no, I have immunity" "And they don't."" "gravel:" "Wetransferthe" "Papers to me just like that" "In seconds and I speed away." "[¶...] ellsbergnarrating:" "WhileI" "Was still underground," "I was contacted by the most" "Trusted man in america." "cronkite:" "Goodevening." "Daniel ellsberg, a former" "State department and pentagon" "Planner and of late something" "Of a phantom figure, agreed" "Today to be interviewed" "At a secret location." "I asked him what he considers" "The most important revelations" "To date from the pentagon" "Documents." "Ithinkthelessonisthat" "The people of this country can't" "Afford to let the president run" "The country by himself without" "The help of the congress," "Without the help of the public." "dandoesthisinterview," "Which comes out on cbs" "Nationwide television as the" "Biggest f.B.I. Manhunt since" "The lindbergh kidnapping" "Is going on looking for us." "But we still hadn't given out" "Enough of the papers." "harryreasoner:" "Todayanother" "Lid broke loose." "The boston globe began" "Its series based on" "Presumably classified" "Government documents." "johnchancellor:" "Thechicago" "Sun-times entered the drama" "Today by running a story" "Which says that the kennedy" "Administration... today,the11 knight" "Newspapers and the los angeles" "Times joined the procession... theballgamewasover." "Any effort at suppressing the" "Pentagon papers was gonna fail." "Dan and his network had" "Distributed portions of the" "Pentagon papers to 17" "Different organizations." "ellsberginterviewed:" "They" "Couldn't stop them." "As one of the lawyers said," ""it was like herding bees."" "smith:" "Thepresssaid,"we" "Can look at this, we can make a" "Valid judgment about what serves" "National security and we can be" "And we will be independent" "From our government."" "And that was a declaration" "Of independence and it" "Really changed the relationship" "Between the government" "And the media ever since." "[¶...] patricia:" "Thepentagonpapers" "Story was on the nightly news" "The first seven or eight minutes" "Of the nightly news every night" "For two weeks." "sothatgaveitasmuch" "Public attention as I could" "Possibly have asked for." "wewereunderground," "So we were able to watch" "The news day and night." "And this thing was unfolding" "In the most dramatic way." "alaska's41-year-old" "Democratic senator mike gravel" "Held a mock meeting of his" "Sub-committee on buildings and" "Grounds with only himself" "Present and began reading aloud" "The 7,000-page pentagon" "Secret report in public." "thepapersprovethatfor 20 years, we have been victims" "Of our southeast asia policy." "...I was frightened to death" "Over releasing the" "Pentagon papers." "I had no idea whether I was" "Going to prison." "All I could think of was," ""my country's killing people," "We're maiming americans, and" "This is terrible," and so I was" "Overcome with emotion." "Not patriotism, just emotion" "Of something you love dearly" "That has gone astray." "howardk ." "Smith:" "He continued" "Until exhaustion and emotion" "Overcame him after 1:00" "This morning." "gravel:" "I collectedmyself" "And I asked-- now keep in mind," "I'm the only one on the" "Committee" " I asked unanimous" "Consent to put all these papers" "Into the record, and I've got" "The gavel and I slam it" "And I say, "hearing no" "Objections, so ordered,"" "That's it, papers are out," "They're in the senate record." "[reporters shouting...] newscaster:" "Evenif the" "F.B.I. Had wanted to arrest him" "Outside the courthouse this" "Morning, they probably couldn't" "Have done it." "Ellsberg was walled off by" "Newsmen and supporters as he" "Admitted that he was indeed the" "Man who brought the pentagon" "Papers to the press and" "Congressional leaders." "Ididthis,clearly," "At my own jeopardy and I am" "Prepared to answer to all the" "Consequences of these decisions." "[¶...] chancellor:" "Inoneofthe" "Most important judicial" "Decisions in the history of the" "Country, the supreme court today" "Ruled that the new york times" "And the washington post" "May continue to publish" "The secret pentagon papers." "danielschorr:" "Theruling" "Was amazingly simple." "It was that proving the need for" "Prior censorship is a heavy" "Burden and the government didn't" "Meet that burden." "ellsberg:" "Thedecision" "Was a great one." "The story today is what" "The constitution of this" "Country means to us." "I really, I've never appreciated" "What the meaning and importance" "Of separation of powers is" "So much as in the last," "The last week." "woman:" "Whendanellsberg" "Released the pentagon papers, he" "Was doing it to stop the war." "Perhaps the most important" "Legacy he left us with, though," "Was a supreme court case," "The pentagon papers case," "Which is perhaps the most" "Important first amendment" "Decision in the court's history." "I can guarantee you that every" "Day there's a first amendment" "Lawyer out there citing" "The pentagon papers case" "In order to protect free speech" "And free press against" "Government encroachment." "frankel:" "Whenwe finally" "Won the right to continue" "Publication from the supreme" "Court, this was a firm ruling" "That national security alone," "The cry of national security," "Does not justify censorship" "In advance." "nixonontape:" "Iwanted" "To tell you that I was" "So damn mad when that supreme" "Court had to come down..." "First, I didn't like" "Their decision... man:" "I didn'teither." "unbelievable,wasn'tit ?" "You know, those clowns we've" "Got on there, I tell you, I hope" "I outlive the bastards." "personscloseto the" "President vehemently deny" "That he is any vengeful mood" "Toward the new york times" "Or any other newspaper." "As for fears expressed" "By reporters and editors" "That there is big trouble ahead" "From the administration," "The nixon men say, "that is" "Pure paranoia, ridiculous."" "dickcavett:" "Mr.Ellsberg" "Or dr." "Ellsberg himself" "Has been hailed as hero" "By a lot of people, condemned" "As a traitor by others." "Will you welcome, please," "The man who..." "Uh, made the whole thing" "Possible, dr." "Daniel ellsberg." "[applause..., ¶...] falk:" "I thinkthatthe drama" "That surrounded the release of" "The papers, which centered on" "The personality and experience" "Of dan ellsberg himself, gave" "The papers a prominence that" "They probably wouldn't have had," "Had a grayer personality been" "Associated with this release." "[applause finally stops] thatmuchapplausewithout" "Even doing a monologue... [laughter] ...Is there any way" "To answer in 30 seconds" "What people can do?" "Ithinkonethingthat people" "Will conclude when they've read" "It is that they have not asked" "Enough, they have not expected" "Enough or demanded enough in the" "Way of boldness, in the way of" "Responsibility, from their" "Public servants." "Make that known and I think" "That our constitution will" "Continue to function better" "Than it has been in the past." "[applause...] [fades...] halperin:" "I thinkhe did" "Betray a trust and he put" "In jeopardy not only his" "Welfare, but that of everybody" "Else who was involved." "ellsberginterviewed:" "There" "Was no question in my mind that" "My..." "Best friend, really," "Harry rowen, would be definitely" "Associated with what I'd done" "And the fact that I did it" "While he was president," "That this happened, this" "Security breach happened." "So I knew that would hurt him," "Might lose him his job," "As it did, actually." "E.M. Forster said, "if I had to" "Choose between betraying my" "Country and betraying a friend," "I hope I should have the guts" "To betray my country."" "And I remember when that was" "Quoted to me, my reaction right" "Away was, "I don't agree" "With that at all."" "We're talking about" "Many, many, many lives here." "We're talking about" "Shortening a war." "schelling:" "Notlongafter" "The release of the pentagon" "Papers, I was at a conference" "At u.C.L.A." "There were at least a dozen" "People from rand at that" "Conference and, uh, not one of" "Them would shake hands with dan." "Not one would sit near him." "They treated him as a, uh..." "A traitor." "And whether they, they meant" "A traitor to his country or" "A traitor to his organization," "It's hard to know." "ellsberginterviewed:" "Iwas" "Typhoid mary, I was a leper" "With a bell around my neck." "I've come to realize, the fear" "Of being cut out from the group" "Of people you respect and whose" "Respect you want and normally" "Expect, that keeps people" "Participating in anything," "No matter how terrible." "whateverhisintentions" "May have been, in your opinion," "Did daniel ellsberg betray" "His country?" "Iwouldputitanotherway." "Daniel ellsberg, whatever his" "Intentions, gave aid and comfort" "To the enemy, and under those" "Circumstances, that is" "Inexcusable." "After all, he is putting himself" "Above the president of the" "United states, above the" "Congress, above our whole system" "Of government when he says, in" "Effect, that he would determine" "What should be made public." "dean:" "I thinkthatthereis" "Probably some good justification" "For the strong feelings" "Nixon had." "He would make a decision in the" "National security council and" "The next day read it on the" "Front page of the new york times" "Or some other newspaper." "This makes it virtually" "Impossible to govern." "nixonontape:" "Justbecause" "Some guy's gonna be a martyr," "We can't be in a position of" "Allowing the fellow to get away" "With this kind of wholesale" "Thievery, or otherwise it's" "Gonna happen all over the" "Government." "I just say that we've got to" "Keep our eye on the main ball." "The main ball is ellsberg." "We got to get this" "Son of a bitch." "dean:" "Theleakofthe" "Pentagon papers changed" "The nixon white house." "It really is what some of us" "Have called the beginning of" "The dark period." "I mean, it was rough and tumble" "Before, but it got down" "And dirty." "So it's really a defining event" "For the nixon presidency." "And this is when egil krogh," "Bud krogh, was selected to head" "Up the so-called plumbers unit." "Iwassummonedtotheoval" "Office by the president." "John ehrlichman and I" "Met with him." "There was some suspicion that" "Dr. Ellsberg had access to the" "More recent war plans that had" "Been developed by the nixon" "Administration and would be" "Able to release those documents." "I came from that meeting feeling" "Very strongly that I was dealing" "With a national security crisis" "And I was to take any means" "Necessary to respond to it." "The president had decided to" "Set up a special investigations" "Unit in the white house staff." "Did daniel ellsberg work alone?" "Was he working with some" "Other people?" "Was it part of a conspiracy?" "And it was in that context that" "A proposal was made by e." "Howard" "Hunt to get information that" "Could be used to discredit" "Dr. Ellsberg." ""a covert operation ought to" "Be undertaken to examine all" "Of the files still held by" "Dr. Ellsberg's psychiatrist," "Dr. Lewis fielding."" "This went to john ehrlichman." "Underneath that proposal were" "Two lines: "approve" with a" "Line, "disapprove" with a line." "He wrote his large "e" after" ""approve," and then put in" ""under your assurance it is" "Not traceable."" "robert:" "Thef.B.I.Cameone" "Day and said, "I'm afraid we" "Have a subpoena here for you" "To testify today at the grand" "Jury."" "My father was very upset." "He somehow thought that there" "Was something more my mother" "Could do to prevent this somehow" "If she had better legal advice" "Or whatever." "Her attitude was, "so you're the" "One who got him into this, um," "And of course he's gonna, he's" "Gonna just tell the truth."" "And my father said, "well, of" "Course you got to, you know," "Just tell, tell the truth."" "My personal involvement in the" "Whole thing, the people I knew" "About and the copying of" "The pentagon papers, that" "Became the focus of the," "Of the indictment." "Ihaveastatement." "I have a prepared statement" "That I'd like to read." "...[interviewed]:" "Well, I said" "To myself that I would not" "Testify against him." "...Let me put my cigarette out." "...Because after all, to begin" "With, I had urged him to do it." "...The attorney general" "Offers me the alternative of" "Collaborating with him in his" "Attempt to prosecute daniel" "Ellsberg by testifying in" "Secret before a grand jury." "For me, that is no choice." "hewasimmediatelyput in" "Custody for contempt of court." "He offended the prosecutorial" "Team by refusing to cooperate" "In any way in the grand jury." "If tony had testified, he would" "Have been out scot-free." "russo:" "Thefirstthingthat" "Came to my mind was gandhi's" "Dictum, "you should not" "Cooperate with evil."" "[¶...] newscaster:" "Thepentagon" "Papers drama changed abruptly" "Into the pentagon papers media" "Freak-out and cameramen's farce" "As the documents arrived" "At the senate... zinn:" "I thinkdanwas" "Disappointed in that he may" "Have expected too much from" "The publication of the papers." "He may have expected that" "The publication of the papers" "Would create a greater sensation" "Than it did." "Of course, it created" "A sensation." "whereismr ." "Ellsberg?" "[laughter]" "Ihopehe 'sin jail." "[laughter] zinn:" "ButIthinkhewas" "Disappointed in the fact that" "The substance of the papers," "The content of the papers" "Did not seem to be absorbed" "By the public." "[¶...] ellsberg:" "I gaveup my job," "My career, my clearance, and I" "Staked my freedom on a gamble:" "If the american people knew the" "Truth about how they had been" "Lied to, about the myths that" "Had led them to endorse this" "Butchery for 25 years, that" "They would choose against it." "And the risk that you take" "When you do that is that you'll" "Learn something ultimately about" "Your fellow citizens that you" "Won't like to hear, and that is" "That they hear it, they learn" "From it, they understand it," "And they proceed to ignore it." "[¶...] [explosions] ...I remember speaking about" "A year ago and expressing the" "Hope that we would end this war" "Before we had dropped another" "Million tons of bombs" "On the vietnamese." "Well, that hope has" "Been disappointed." "...We could never get into the" "Paper the very fact that we had" "Reported the bombing tonnage." "They didn't even go so far as" "To say, "the ellsbergs have this" "Funny habit in every daily press" "Conference of saying, 'here's" "How many bombs we dropped" "Last week.'"" "...We've dropped another 200,000" "Tons of bombs on indochina." "That's 10 hiroshimas," "One hiroshima a week." "...They never even mentioned" "We'd said it, let alone reflect" "On the fact that it was" "Happening." "When I knew we were gonna bomb" "Vietnam forever, that was like" "Bombing the neighborhood." "The people there were more" "Than pictures for me and they" "Were more than numbers." "[¶...] whenwewenttoselectour" "Jury, we brought in an expert," "Actually a psychiatrist." "He told us we were defending" "Two young men-- bright, high" "Achievers, men with a future" "Who were willing to risk it all" "For the sake of not themselves" "Or their own careerist" "Interests, but for the sake" "Of a principle." "And the psychiatrist said to us," ""you don't want on this jury" "Men of middle age, because these" "Are people who in the course of" "Their lives might possibly have" "Sacrificed principle for the" "Sake of career, for the sake of" "Family, and they lived with that" "Compromise, and they will have" "A lot of disdain, even contempt" "For two men who did it for" "The sake of principle and" "Took the risk."" "inlosangelestoday,daniel" "Ellsberg returned to the witness" "Stand in the pentagon papers" "Case, and for the first time," "The chief defendant spelled out" "How he changed from hawk to dove" "On the vietnam war." "ellsberg:" "WhenIwas onthe" "Stand for four and a half days," "I actually recalled this" "Particular incident in 1966" "When I came on a burning village" "That was burning because our" "Vietnamese troops had fired on" "It, and in the course of that," "I saw some kids picking through" "The embers of their huts for a" "Little plastic doll." "That was extremely anguishing" "For me to see this sad" "Appearance." "This is what the war meant to" "Them, really, the destruction" "Of their homes and their lives." "[¶...] atthepentagonpaperstrial" "In california today, it was" "Revealed that the people who" "Burglarized the watergate also" "Burglarized the office of daniel" "Ellsberg's psychiatrist." "mr." "Ehrlichman,areyou" "Telling me that the break-in" "To dr." "Fielding's office was" "To satisfy the president of" "The United States?" "thepresidentwantedvery" "Much to make sure that a thing" "Like this could not happen" "Again." "krogh:" "Atno timedid anyone" "Ask "is this the right thing" "To do?"" "We never looked at either" "The legal issues, the ethical" "Issues, the spiritual issues." "None of those things came" "To the level of consciousness." "It was a collapse of integrity" "Of the first order." "therevelationin thetrial" "Of the pentagon papers that" "The white house had sent" "The plumbers to los angeles" "Really, I think, broke open" "The watergate scandal." "And then to top it all off," "If the story needed topping," "The fact that the president" "Met with the presiding judge." "themanpresidingoverthe" "Ellsberg case, judge matthew" "Byrne, today confirmed that" "Ehrlichman had offered him" "The job of f.B.I. Director." "itdidn'tseempossible," "But there were even more" "Sensational developments today" "Involving the white house:" "An admission from the federal" "Bureau of investigation that it" "Had listened to daniel ellsberg" "On wiretaps as long as two years" "Before he released the pentagon" "Papers." "goodevening." "A federal judge in los angeles" "Today declared a mistrial" "In the pentagon papers case." "He dismissed all the charges" "Against daniel ellsberg" "And anthony russo." "[crowd applauding...]" "The judge ruled that the" "Government had so tainted its" "Own case as to make a fair trial" "Impossible." "apresidentialprosecution" "That started, we now know," "In order to help re-elect a" "President, and it's ending now," "I think, to avoid impeaching" "That same president." "But it won't stop that process," "Because the facts, thanks in" "Part to this trial, are out" "On the table." "They're out of the safes just" "As the pentagon papers are out" "Of the safes, and they're the" "Same kind of facts, and they" "Can't be put back in the safes." "nixonontape:" "becauseofwhatdan did and" "The overreaction of an imperial" "President, if you will, to what" "Had happened..." "It changed" "History." "It was the cover-up of the" "Ellsberg break-in that concerned" "The white house, and the seeds" "Of all of watergate occur" "In the pentagon papers." "schelling:" "Thegreatest" "Result of what he did was to get" "President nixon out of office." "[chuckling]:" "That wasn't," "I'm sure, any part of his" "Expectation or his intention." "[¶...] falk:" "Whathasremained" "Significant about the release" "Of the pentagon papers is the" "Decision by a public official" "To give priority to conscience" "As compared to career." "thefactis thatsecretscan" "Be held by men in the government" "Whose careers have been spent" "Learning how to keep their" "Mouths shut." "I was one of those." "kehler:" "Ifyouhavesomebody" "Who starts with such a" "Background within government" "And who understands what dan" "Understands about how it works" "From the inside and who then" "Continues to speak out," "Constantly trying to unmask" "The lies and reveal the truth" "So that people can make honest," "Clear decisions about their own" "Lives and about the life of our" "Nation, the life of the world..." "He is the preeminent" "Whistle-blower in the very best" "And broadest and deepest sense." "weasapeopledohave" "That power, the power to" "Change ourselves and history." "We are here today... krogh:" "I thinktheresonance" "That I feel with dan is that he" "Is trying always to do what he" "Thinks is the highest right" "Under the circumstances," "Regardless of the consequences." "I was not able to do that" "When I worked in the government." "I was too tied in to the group" "I was working for." "But dan does that all the time." "It's an amazing life the way" "He has lived it over the last 30 years since all those things" "Occurred." "zinn:" "Hisacthad aneffect" "On him, a profound effect on him" "And on the rest of his life." "He was never going to rest easy" "From that point on unless he was" "Part of some movement against" "War and for social justice." "And so all these years since" "Then, he has acted in the same" "Spirit in which he revealed" "The papers to the nation." "[¶...] ellsberg:" "Thecouragewe" "Need is not the courage, the" "Fortitude, to be obedient in" "The service of an unjust war," "To help conceal lies, to do our" "Job by a boss who has usurped" "Power and is acting as an outlaw" "Government." "It is the courage at last to" "Face honestly the truth and" "The reality of what we are doing" "In the world and act responsibly" "To change it." "[¶...] [helicopter rotors whirring...]"