"SS officers giving the Nazi salute... before the coffins of comrades... killed during the Sobibor uprising" "(Sobibor Museum)" "Had Mr Lerner ever killed before?" "No No, I had never killed anyone" "Sobibor, October 14, 1943, 4 pm" "For my friend, Gilberte Steg in memory of her sister, Hedy Nissim gassed at Sobibor in March 1943" "WARSAW 2001" "Everything began on July 22, 1942 when we were forced out of the Warsaw ghetto" "We were gathered together on Umschlagplatz and... told that we were being sent somewhere, we didn't know where" "Umschlagplatz is the place where the Jews were gathered" "At this spot, you found the cattle cars... into which the deported Jews were herded" "I'm still with my parents and family... but we are soon parted" "I'm sent to one side, my family to another" "I am alone from then on" "My mother, father, brother and sister, as I later learned were sent to Treblinka" "In this life and death story over 300,000 Jews were transported in 1942-1943 from the ghetto in Warsaw to the gas chambers··· in the Nazi extermination camps" "I was taken from Umschlagplatz to be led outside the ghetto" "We spent a few days there" "We were given a slice of bread and some water each day" "A precise number of young men was required" "That's probably why we waited a few days" "There were a lot of us, a few thousand young men... capable of working" "I had just turned sixteen" "After a few days, we were put in wagons... to be taken to a work camp, or so they told us" "For almost one week, we travelled in those wagons" "Each day, we had a little water through the door" "Before boarding, each of us had received a loaf of bread" "We arrived in Belorussia... and we were unloaded to be put to work" "The place that we had arrived at was near an airport" "I can't remember the name but it was an airfield" "And we built huts there" "Conditions were very harsh, very little to eat" "The Germans there would shoot at the Jews for no reason" "In particular, the pilots would get drunk after missions and... amuse themselves by shooting Jews, usually in the head" "They enjoyed stepping behind you pressing the barrel to your temple··· and trying to blow your eyes out" "Death was a permanent threat" "Dozens of people died... simply because of the hidden marksmen who'd shoot at you" "Not to mention those who died of hunger" "Each day, we'd bury dozens of people" "The conditions were truly terrible" "When I saw how bad things were" "I told myself that I had to get out of there" "I said to a friend, Let's escape!" "Whatever happens it's better than starving here" "We stayed hidden until evening" "After dark, we passed through the barbed wire tearing our clothes and then set off across the fields" "We walked for two whole days without meeting anyone" "We fed ourselves with what we found in the fields" "We had civilian clothes··· but they bore a number on a red and white patch a personal number" "On the third day, we met some Russian peasants... whom we asked for something to eat" "We spoke to them in Polish:" "Polish and Russian are alike" "Bread is the same word in Polish and Russian" "So, that day, the Russians fed us" "We then carried on walking across the fields" "After a few days, the Germans recaptured us" "They made us board a truck··· and took us to another camp" "The Jews in this camp asked:" "Why didn't the Germans shoot you on the spot?" "It was probably our luck" "Because usually they hanged you or shot you immediately" "It was my luck, our luck" "In each new camp" "I'd see people dying of hunger in their hundreds and thousands" "Each time, I thought, I'd rather be shot in the head or hanged... than starve like this" "I could see people swell up or become very thin... and I thought:" "this is a terrible way to die" "Each time I escaped, I was recaptured and put elsewhere" "The conditions were just as terrible each time" "I was in a number of camps" "Eight Eight camps, in all" "He escaped from eight camps?" "He was in eight camps in Russia and escaped from them all?" "Yes" "Over how long?" "Six months" "Eight camps in six months?" "Yes" "Why this thirst to escape?" "Was it that easy to escape?" "A man who wants to live..." "If a man wants to live, nothing is difficult for him" "When I saw that in those camps, in those conditions, it wasn't life" "I thought, I have nothing to lose" "It's better to try anything··· than live this non-life" "Was it that easy to escape from these camps?" "From the camps, very hard but I always escaped from work-sites" "Were the camps in the same area?" "They were between 30 and 40 kilometres apart" "He was always recaptured?" "What did he tell the Germans who caught him?" "The truth" "The simple truth" "I said that I'd just escaped" "There was no other solution" "I didn't want to lie" "I simply told the truth, that I had escaped" "There was no alternative" "A Jew could seek nothing outside death... but I still preferred to be shot... rather than go back there" "In any case, I hardly had any clothes left" "I couldn't lie" "They could see I had my number" "I was just skin and bone" "You couldn't lie" "He was incredibly lucky not to be shot" "That's true" "When a lucky star guides you, you live" "I think it was my lucky star because if I'd been arrested by the Germans... who were in charge of fugitives from the camps they'd have taken me back and hanged me like all the others" "They were caught, brought back and hanged" "But it seems that my luck... was that Germans passing by chance··· caught me and took me with them... and I ended up in another camp" "I always escaped with the same friend" "When the Germans caught us after our last escape after a car journey of a few hours, we ended up in the city of Minsk" "And I realised that we were in a city" "In Minsk, there was a ghetto" "The Germans put us in a locked room" "After a few hours we were led before two men from the Minsk Judenrat (Jewish Council) as well as a Jewish ghetto policeman" "The Germans handed us over to them with the order to take us to the ghetto" "When the Jews in the ghetto saw us, they were amazed... because we looked like walking corpses" "The Judenrat people told us" "You'll never survive here because, in the ghetto anyone who can't go to work each day dies of hunger" "But just next door there's a camp with prisoners of war... from the Red Army, all of them Jews" "If you can get into that camp perhaps you'll have a chance... to look human again... and recover the strength to work" "We were in a terrible state... infested with thousands of lice" "We were welcomed by a prisoner..." "So, we were in a terrible state, infested with lice" "We were taken to the Russian Jews' POW camp" "We were welcomed by a prisoner... who asked where we were from and who we were" "After we told him, he said he'd protect us" "They made us undress, they gave us a bath··· and we spent a few days there" "After a while, I came down with typhus" "And so I spent some weeks, ill in a building used as a sickbay" "We were able to have just about edible food there... and that helped me to recover" "The camp prisoners left each morning escorted by Germans to work inside the city of Minsk" "When I recovered from typhus, I could feel my strength return··· and I asked to go and work too" "There were many of us in the camp, 1,200 in all" "So when the Germans... won a victory over the Red Army and took prisoners they separated the Jewish ones from the Soviet ones?" "Apparently... that was the case... since there were only Jews there" "I was told..." "Yes, that seems right... since there were only Jews in this camp" "I was told later... that when the Germans took prisoners they asked who was Jewish... and the Jewish ones were taken to separate camps" "Was there a difference for him... between the Jewish Red Army prisoners... and the Jews in the work camps or the Minsk ghetto?" "Did he see them as being different?" "There was a huge difference" "Their physical condition was better" "They had food, not good food but it kept them alive" "In addition, their camp was clean and orderly" "They didn't wear their rank on them... but you could see they were soldiers" "They were men" "Another difference between life in this camp and others... lay in the relationship of the prisoners with civilians" "They were able to talk to and meet the civilians and that allowed them to return after a day's work... with a little extra food" "They seemed healthy unlike the unfortunates in other camps" "I AM A:" "THE HOLE" "HERE, THE JEWS OF THE MINSK GHETTO" "WERE KILLED EN MASSE" "Both in Russian and Yiddish, with variations" "An eternal and bright memory of the 5,000 Jews... murdered at the hands of humanity's bloodiest enemies:" "the Fascist German executioners" "March 2, 1942" "We had already been in Minsk for some months... when one night" "in early September 1943 we were woken by the lights... coming on in the middle of the night... and our huts were suddenly surrounded by the Germans shouting:" "Come out!" "Get dressed!" "There were German army vehicles at the gates" "We were taken, we didn't know where and we ended up at the station... where we were put in wagons" "As they were loading us, we realised..." "We realised at dawn... that Minsk ghetto Jews were being brought too" "We realised because they wore the star so we knew they were ghetto Jews" "But we, the prisoners of war we were in several wagons, all together" "For five or six days, we travelled... without knowing where to... and we arrived in Poland, at Lublin" "At Lublin, we later learned there was an extermination camp, Maidanek" "IN THE BACKGROUND, LUBLIN" "We spent about half a day there just outside the camp" "Apparently, there was no room for us... and so we set off again" "After another two or three hours, we arrived at Chelm" "A Pole who was working... at the station for the Germans" "came over to us" "and, in Polish, told a Jew who was near a tiny window..." "He told him" "Get away, they're taking you to Sobibor" "He was there to..." "The others didn't understand Polish so they got me to try to understand··· but the man was already walking away" "His job was to write the numbers on the wagons" "He had just enough time to tell me, Get away they're taking you to Sobibor to burn you" "That was what I managed to grasp" "I told my comrades what the Pole had said that the Jews would be burned but no one believed him" "We didn't believe him" "We carried on travelling and could have escaped then" "Why?" "Since we needed to relieve ourselves we'd made a big hole in the van's floor with a knife" "We could have jumped through but no one believed it" "We couldn't imagine they transported people to burn them" "We'd never heard of such a thing" "Night had already fallen when we reached a place but it was too dark by then... for us to make out a name on a sign" "At that point, the Germans surrounded the train shouting that anyone who looked out would be shot immediately" "that we'd spend the night there and be let out the next day" "At around 10 pm, we heard a bugle call and thought that it was probably a large camp... if they sounded lights-out in this manner" "We spent the remaining half-night without being able to sleep... because everyone was asking where we were... and what would become of us" "In the morning, we were able to read the name of the place:" "Sobibor" "We knew then that the Pole had been right... but it was too late:" "we could no longer escape" "The train entered the camp, section by section" "When our section stopped they yelled at us to get out:" "Raus!" "Raus!" "There were Germans and numerous Ukrainians in black uniforms" "All the POWs formed a single group" "We were kept separate" "A German came over to us" "He said:" "I need sixty strong men" "I thought that if hard labour is required... there is surely food, count me in" "He wanted sixty men but only fifty stepped forward... so he started yelling" "So you won't work?" "You can go to Moses straightaway!" "We didn't understand what that meant" "He chose a few more men himself... and when there were sixty of us, he led us off to one side" "Just then, we heard... the rest of the convoy being led off... and the air started filling with cries and screams... and the cries of geese, really geese" "It lasted for an hour or so..." "and then suddenly silence again" "We were told later that the Germans... had a flock of several hundred geese... and when the Jews were taken and began screaming the Germans probably started panicking the geese... so that they would cry out too and the crying of the geese would cover the men's cries" "That's definitely right since some Poles told me that too in Sobibor and in Treblinka too:" "the Jews cried like geese when they were gassed" "Especially as they were real geese" "The flocks were raised specially for that to drown out the men's cries" "The reason was that since they took several thousand people at once the Germans wanted to avoid..." "Thousands of people composed each convoy... so they wanted to make sure that the people at the end of the convoy wouldn't hear the screams of those at its head" "So he heard the geese's cries and then silence, is that it?" "When silence fell a kapo, a Jew, came over... and told us to get in line" "He took us to a place inside the camp··· where some huts stood" "The sixty chosen men ended up in a single hut" "It was early afternoon and people were walking around" "When we came into the hut we were given new clothes and blankets... such as we hadn't seen in years" "In fact, these clothes and blankets... had been taken from people in our convoy... and previous ones" "Once we were dressed, they took us to the kitchen... and gave us some excellent food as much as we wanted" "PATH TO EXTERMINATION" "After we came out, we started talking... to the Jews who were strolling around" "We spoke in Yiddish and Polish... and they explained to us that here, in Sobibor the Jews were burned" "First, they were gassed... and then they were burned" "We realised that no one... would leave Sobibor alive" "In fact, they told us that no one could escape" "All night long, we talked... about what to do" "The next morning..." "We talked all night about our fate... and about what we could do" "The next morning we were told to go out to work" "We were taken out" "Our work was to fell trees and build underground munitions stores" "We decided that in this place... it was forbidden to waste time... and since the men I was with were all POWs, soldiers that is they knew what to do" "They founded a committee in charge of getting in touch... with the Jews who already knew Sobibor a little" "The head of the committee was a Red Army Jewish officer... called Sacha Petchersky" "After contacting the Jews of Sobibor he brought us the following information:" "two previous uprisings had failed" "The first time, a group of fifty people had been burned... and, the second time, the Jews rebelling had tried to dig a tunnel... and had also failed" "We realised that if we wanted to succeed we had to keep our scheme secret with very few people informed of it... and that our only chance was to kill the Germans" "All trades were represented in the camp:" "cobblers working for the Germans, others for the Ukrainians tailors working for both groups even goldsmiths" "A German going away on leave, for instance could have a gold ring or some other jewellery made" "All these craftsmen were Jews working for the Germans" "We selected a site... where we decided to build a new hut" "The idea was to say that there were... a number of carpenters in the camp... and so we needed a new hut for this particular trade, carpentry" "We received permission to build the new hut" "We also thought about the tools... we could use to kill the Germans... and, as carpenters, we would be allowed axes" "We knew how amazingly precise the Germans were" "Our plan was to summon, every few minutes the officers to the different workshops to the tailors' and the cobblers'" "That was the plan" "We had to bring them to the workshops" "And for each workshop two men had been selected by the committee" "Their task was to contact the Jewish craftsman... in charge of each workshop" "For instance, along with a comrade we always went in twos we had to go to the tailors' workshop" "The tailor had to summon a German at 4 pm... and we had to wait for that German" "How was the tailor sure he would come at 4 pm?" "What reason did he give to summon him?" "For instance, in my workshop, the tailors' workshop... our task was to kill a German called Greischutz... who was in charge of the Ukrainians... who was in charge of the Ukrainians in the camp" "He was having a leather coat made in the workshop... with a fur lining... and so he had to come at 4 pm to try it on" "We had set the time for the uprising in the whole camp... for October 14, at 4 pm precisely" "All the Germans would be summoned to the workshops at that time" "Was there a precise reason... for organising the uprising on that date?" "Yes, there were children who worked in the canteen..." "Some of the children also went to the homes of the Germans... to clean their shoes" "These children had overheard some information... according to which the camp had to be destroyed very soon" "We decided, after hearing this information that we needed to act fast... because, if we waited we risked extermination with the rest of the camp" "So very little time elapsed··· between their arrival at Sobibor in early September··· and the uprising on October 14" "They acted very quickly?" "Yes, in all, since my arrival at the camp six weeks had passed" "In the tailors' workshop my friend and I were ready... with our well-sharpened axes... and our task was to kill a German summoned at 4 pm... and a second one due to arrive at 4:05 pm" "How many men were to take part?" "Jews, you mean?" "Yes, of course" "More than twenty" "We were spread out in all the places... where we could summon Germans" "What criteria were used to choose those who took part?" "The committee in charge of the camp uprising... had chosen those who would take part in the mission... but I don't know what their criteria were" "Personally, I felt that it was an honour... to be given the task of killing a German" "I was fairly young, still a kid but I was already well-built" "I truly felt that it was an honour to be chosen to kill a German" "The plan was to kill all the Germans in the camp?" "Yes, the plan was to kill the 16 Germans in the camp" "In fact, there were 30 Germans... but, since they could take leave and go outside the camp they split up into twos and, in general" "when we decided on the uprising there were 16 Germans present" "But there were a few hundred Ukrainians... in charge of guarding the whole camp" "There was also an electrified fence around the camp with minefields on the other side of that fence" "At 4 pm, when the uprising started we had given an electrician comrade the task... of cutting off the camp's electric system" "This Jewish electrician always worked... for the Germans as an electrician... and his role on that day... was to cut the power" "He also cut the phone lines" "Had Mr Lerner ever killed before?" "No, I hadn't even killed a fly" "Me?" "It was the first time" "It was simply reality" "We knew that if we didn't act we'd be taken like all the Jews before us and killed so it was simply reality that forced us to act like this" "For me, it was a great honour to be chosen... as one of the men who would kill the Germans" "Did the idea of killing scare him?" "Of course, I was very scared of killing... but sometimes reality forces man to act... in a way that he wouldn't necessarily have chosen" "In this camp, we also knew that we had no choice:" "we would be killed" "But we didn't want to be killed like sheep we wanted to die like men and it was better to be killed than to be led to the gas chambers" "It was reality that forced us to act" "Well then..." "It's 4 pm on October 14, 1943 or 3:30 pm, I don't know" "He's in the tailors' workshop, waiting" "We took our positions in the tailors' workshop... one hour before the time set for the uprising" "We had agreed on this with the tailor... in charge of the workshop... and it was understood that we would be there... as if we were tailors ourselves... but we had to find a moment, a mere second... when we could get behind the German... in order to deal the deathblow" "We..." "That means there were two of them?" "Yes, a comrade and myself, both waiting for the Germans" "What we had agreed was that at the moment when the tailor... got the German to try on the coat... and marked on the coat on the front of the coat the place for the buttons at one point, he would kneel down... and that was when... we could rush at the German to kill him" "Did they decide who would strike first?" "Since my comrade was a soldier we had planned that he would be sitting the closest... and that the tailor would make sure, as he moved that my comrade could step forward and strike the first blow" "So it was the Soviet Jewish prisoner who was to strike first?" "Their weapons?" "Axes" "Axes that we already had or that we'd sharpened... in the carpentry workshop" "Because we had claimed to be carpenters we were working in the carpentry shop" "What were the axes like?" "What does that mean?" "Like any axe" "They weren't very big" "They were quite small, in fact and, above all, we had sharpened them so much... that they were like razorblades" "At 4 pm, the time planned... for the German to enter our building or rather 3:55 pm to be precise we saw through the hut door... that a horse was being led from another hut... which was the signal that the German in that hut had been killed" "My comrade and I were already sitting... in the tailors' workshop, working" "I had a coat that covered my knees... and I was pretending to stitch buttons on it" "The axes were hidden under the coat, between our knees" "The German whom we were expecting who was coming for his fitting, Greischutz, came in" "At 4 pm sharp?" "As precise as clockwork" "In fact, our whole plan was based on that... because we knew the Germans were very punctual" "We only succeeded because Germans are punctual" "If they hadn't been punctual that day everything would have failed" "When Greischutz came in, he stepped forward removed his belt that held his gun put the gun down on the table... and stepped forward in such a way that suddenly... he was just next to me but we had planned my friend would be closest" "My friend was a soldier... whereas I had never killed anyone before... and I ended up with the German just next to me" "What was Greischutz like?" "Greischutz was..." "I can't really say" "He was about six foot" "In any case, he was very tall with broad shoulders" "A huge man, tall, of exceptional size" "A large stature" "I had seen him before... but being just next to him well, to tell the truth, I was petrified" "Being next to such a monster... genuinely fills you with terror" "Did Greischutz suspect anything?" "No, even in his dreams, Greischutz couldn't have imagined such a thing" "The Germans in the camp felt so confident they were so sure of themselves after killing so many Jews... that they couldn't imagine such a thing" "In this camp..." "In this camp, for the Germans, things ran like clockwork" "Everything was well-oiled" "They would yell, run and sow terror inside the camp... and we, we were the poor, the unfortunates" "Indeed, we were unfortunates... so the Germans couldn't even imagine... that something would change from our side" "Hundreds of thousands of people had passed through this camp" "So Greischutz is in front of him instead of in front of his comrade···" "Yes, he was three or four feet from me" "So, it had been agreed..." "Yes, he was about three or four feet from me" "So, it had been agreed... that when the tailor tried the coat on him marked the spot for the buttons and bent down my friend would step forward" "But since I was now the closest" "I stood up" "I had the coat covering my hands... and the axe under the coat so I stood up and dropped the coat gripped the axe took one short step towards him... and it all lasted a thousandth of a second" "It was even... so rapid that I can't even..." "Imagine: a quarter of a thousandth of a thousandth of a second..." "I gripped the axe... and he gave a loud cry and he fell... and I had raised the axe... and I had brought it down on his head in one blow" "The axe, the whole axe, on his head in one blow" "He struck his skull?" "The axe lodged right in the middle of his skull" "I can say that I split his skull in two halves" "It was as if I'd been doing it··· as if I was a specialist all my life" "I cut precisely here and I succeeded" "You split his skull open completely?" "Completely, and he fell" "My comrade came over" "It lasted a fraction of a second" "So I hit him, he weakened he slumped down, he fell... and my comrade came over to hit him a second time" "Then the people working in the workshop... came to help us remove the body··· since we knew a second German would arrive straight after" "How many were they?" "There were other tailors and other cobblers" "Ada's husband worked in that workshop" "Ada's husband..." "Yes, I know" "All the people in the workshop... rushed over to make Greischutz's corpse vanish" "In a tailor's workshop, there's a table... where the tailors iron the finished clothes" "There was a table there··· under which there was a pile of coats ready for the Germans" "We dragged the body to the table... and buried it under the pile of German coats" "Was there any blood?" "A lot of blood" "The people working there immediately cleaned it up... and spread blankets over the floor" "It took us just a few seconds to wash remove our coats and sit down as if nothing had happened" "When was the second German due?" "At 4:05 pm" "At 4:05 pm, yes!" "I think it all lasted half a minute" "Incredible" "Yes, it is incredible" "But the whole plan hinged on German punctuality... and our own rapidity... and indeed the Germans were punctual and it went like clockwork" "Who was to kill the second German?" "Both of us, at the same spot" "We were waiting, waiting for the second German" "At 4:05 pm exactly, the second German comes in looks around says something about the place being very dirty that we need to whitewash the walls... and tidy up a little" "Then he steps forward and looks around" "Greischutz was hidden under the pile of coats... but his arm was sticking out" "We probably hadn't noticed that his arm was sticking out... and, as he walked, this German... treads on Greischutz's hand" "Perhaps it was covered... but when you step on a hand you realise it's not some clothing" "So the German started shouting" "Was ist das?" "Was ist das?" "What is it?" "My comrade immediately leaped forward and struck him" "The German collapsed from the blow... and then I ran forward to hit him a second time" "I think I'll always remember" "The axe blade struck his teeth... and there was a sort of spark" "You never forget something like that" "How did he feel, immediately afterwards?" "To be honest, we above all felt joy... at having succeeded in what we set out to do" "Straight after, we washed and changed our clothes... and we learned that 11 Germans had already been killed" "There were children going from hut to hut... to tell us and keep us informed" "There was also a kapo on our side who told us" "It's all going according to the plan" "Am I mistaken or has he turned pale?" "Of course I'm pale" "When you recall things like that..." "The joy of succeeding..." "When you recall things like that you necessarily feel something bubbling inside" "It's a feeling of joy at having succeeded... with tears welling up in your eyes... because so many people died there" "the satisfaction of succeeding of avenging those who died... and the feeling of having done the right thing" "At five o'clock, we had finished everything" "We had already gathered ready for the rest of the plan" "An experience like this happens once in a lifetime" "It's the experience of life and death" "Has he ever killed again since then?" "No" "Well, yes, I've killed as a soldier and fighter... with the partisans but that was different" "Then we were fighters facing other armed fighters... whereas in the camp we weren't even human, not even subhuman we no longer knew what we were" "It was an indescribable feeling" "After, it was soldiers pitted against soldiers" "It was another type of war" "Whereas there..." "It was extermination, not war" "There, they made wild animals of people" "Not even animals... not human beings, nor numbers" "We were already nothing" "Succeeding in killing then when you kill a German... who has just done such things who has killed hundreds of thousands of people... of course you feel joy in your heart" "At that time, I already knew what German power represented" "I already knew what their cruelty could lead to a cruelty that the human mind can't even imagine" "I knew what kind of wild animals they were" "So, it's 5 pm..." "Every day, there was a roll-call at 5 pm" "Roll-call meant bringing all the camp prisoners together" "We had to line up and, at that point a German called Franzel who is in fact in prison in Germany today" "this German would call our names··· and then we could go" "At 5 pm, we were already waiting ready for roll-call" "Some of our comrades had weapons... since we had been able to take the guns... of the Germans we had killed... and, at 5 pm, we were waiting for Franzel" "But he doesn't appear" "That had never happened before" "Franzel was always there for roll-call" "But perhaps he sensed that something was happening because he had no phone, no electricity, nothing" "In any case, at 5 pm, Franzel doesn't turn up" "We realised that time was short... so our comrades who knew Russian... shouted out to the Ukrainians... who were around the camp, guarding it" "Hurrah, we've succeeded in killing the Germans!" "Let's flee!" "Everyone runs toward the fence" "At that point, there's a stampede in the camp" "Everyone runs to the fence the Ukrainians open fire some manage to pass through the fence... and you hear explosions all over the camp" "Even those who get through the fence... fall in the minefield" "Explosions everywhere..." "We had managed to reach a store... that housed the camp's weapons... and, with those weapons, we crossed the fence... and, between the fence and the forest surrounding the camp it was only 500 yards at the most" "The whole camp was surrounded by forest" "We could hear Franzel's voice in the camp giving the order to pursue us and shoot us" "Everyone runs through the fence... and I'm already on the other side" "It starts to rain" "Not heavy rain, just drops" "It was winter in Poland" "In October, at 5 pm, it's already dark" "I ran into the forest and, at that point, I think... maybe the emotion of everything that had happened" "the exhaustion, the night my legs could no longer carry me and I collapsed" "I fell and I fell asleep" "We'll stop there" "It's so beautiful when he collapses in the forest" "The rest is an adventure of freedom" "The death devices and gas chambers were demolished by the Germans... immediately following the rebellion" "No other convoy arrived at Sobibor station" "There, at least, the extermination had been brought to an end" "People transported to the Sobibor extermination camp··· by the Polish army that means the part belonging to Poland, which was not annexed to Nazi Kingdom:" "2 April 1942 from Rejowiec, 2400" "April from Zamosc, 300" "Avril from Krychow, 250 3 May from Komarow, 2000" "5 May from Opole Lubelskie, 2000 6 May from Deblin-Irena, 2500" "7 May from Ryki, 2500 7 May from Jozefow, 1270" "8 May from Baranow, 1500 8 May from Konskowola, 1580" "9 May from Markuszow, 1500 9 May from Leczna, 200" "10 May from Michow, 2500 12 May from Opole, 2000" "12 May from Turobin, 2000" "May from Pulawy, 2500 12-15 May from Zolkiewka, 1000" "13-14 May from Gorzkow, 2000 14-15 May from Krasnystaw, 3400" "15 May from Izbica, 400 15-16 May from Zamosc again, 5000" "18 May from Siedliszcze, 630 21-23 May from Chelm, 2300" "23 May from Wlodawa, 1200 25-30 May from Chelm again, 1500" "May from Lysobyky, 500" "May from Wawolnica, 500" "May from Krasniczyn, the figure was not provided" "May from Rudnik, figure unknown" "May from Wysokie, 1000" "May from Cycow, unknown" "May from Krasnystaw, unknown" "May from Staw, 800 1-2 June from Hrubieszow, 3049" "2 June from Belzec, 1000 Belzec had to be obstructed certainly 2 June from Dubienka, 2670" "6 June from Krasnicyn, 800 7 and 9 June from Hrubieszow, 500" "8 June from Grabowiec, 1200 10 June from Uchanie, 1650" "10 June from Biala Podlaska, 3000 13 June again from Biala Podlaska, 6000" "June from Cycow, 500" "June from Slawatycze, 1000" "June from Dubeczno, figure unknown" "1942 still" "June from Olchowiec, figure unknown" "June from Pawlow, unknown" "June from Sawin, unknown" "June from Krzywowierzba, unknown" "June from Krasniczyn, unknown 29 June from Majdanek, 5000" "24 July from Wlodawa / Dzieci, 100" "July from Chelm, 300 10 August from Rejowiec, 2000" "10 August from Zolkiewka, 1000 6 September from Ustrzyki, unknown" "8 September from Ryczywol, 69 1 and 5 October from Puchaczow, 150" "8 October from Izbica, 1500 10 October from Rejowiec, 2400" "11 October from Lubartow, 3000" "October from Wojslawice, 1200 22 October from Siedliszcze, 500" "22-30 October from Piaski-Izbica, 5000 23 October from Leczna, 3000" "24 October from Wlodawa, 5000 27-28 October from Chelm, 3000" "28 October from Hrubieszow, 2000 30 October from Wlodawa, 500" "October from Belzyce-Bychawa, 7000 2 November from Chelm, 10000" "It is definitely the largest clearance 2 November from Izbica, 1750" "6 November from Chelm, figure unknown 6 November from Staw, 800" "December from Dubeczno, 650" "January from Izbica, 750" "January from Chelm, nobody knows" "February from Chelm, 300" "February from Zamosc, 500 4 April from Izbica, 300" "28 April from Izbica, 200 29 April from Leczna, 200" "30 April from Wlodawa, 2000 1-7 May from Lwow, 150" "26 May from Lwow, nobody knows 26 June from Belzec, 306" "4 July from Lwow, nobody knows 8 August from Debica, 2000" "August from Bialystok, nobody knows 15 September from Zamosc, 800" "10 September from Dorohucza, nobody knows 20 September from Bialystok, nobody knows" "25 September from Trawniki, nobody knows 20 October from Treblinka, over 100" "People transported to··· extermination camp in Sobibor··· from foreign countries" "From April to June." "Protectorate of Czech I Moraw, 6000" "From April to June." "Germany and Austria, 10000" "From April to October." "Slovakia, 24378 5-6 March 1943." "Westerbork, Holland, 1105 6 March from France, 71 11 March from France, 200" "24 March from Holland, 1105 18 March from France, nobody knows" "20 March from Holland, 964 26 March from Holland, 1250" "31 March from Germany, nobody knows 2 April from Holland, 1255" "9 April from Holland, 2020 16 April from Holland, 1204" "21 April from Berlin, Germany, 938 23 April from Holland, 1166" "25 April from France, 2000 30 April from Holland, 1204" "7 May from Holland, 1187 14 May from Holland, 1446" "21 May from Holland, 2511 28 May from Holland, 2862" "4 June from Holland, 3006 8 June from Holland, 1266" "11 June from Holland, 3017 2 July from Holland, 2397" "9 July from Holland, 2417 16 July from Holland, 1988" "23 July from Holland, 2209 18-19 September from··· Soviet Socialistic Republic of Lida, 2700" "September from Wilna, nobody knows" "September from Smolensk, nobody knows" "September from Mohylew, nobody knows" "September from Bobrujsk, nobody knows 18-23 September from Minsk, 6000" "Whether they were transported from Lerner was uncertain 23-24 September from Wilna, 5000" "September from Tryj, nobody knows" "There were a total of over 250,000 victims"