"{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Science is on the brink {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} of changing your life." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} men and women around the world" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} are making amazing breakthroughs." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} This is incredible." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} Wow!" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Our team of leading scientists {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} have chosen the discoveries" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} they think matter most." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} Whoa!" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} An almost limitless supply {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} of clean energy." "{\cHFFFFFF}It's these which are the basis {\cHFFFFFF}of one of the most important" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to medical advances {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} that could save your life." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} This miracle means {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} that we can replace surgery." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} On a journey that spans {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the jungles of Africa... {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} I'm here to join the hunt" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} to find one of the biggest threats {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} to human survival." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} ..to the quads of Oxford." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} This is arguably the most {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} complicated thing in the universe." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} We will show you how science {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} is a force for good." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Prepare to see your future." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} This is the beginning {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} of that brave new world." "we want to tell you" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} how science is fighting {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to save our world. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} prevent solar disasters" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and preserve animal species {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} in a 21st century Noah's Ark." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} These are the discoveries that could {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} secure the future of our planet." "this elephant {\cHFFFFFF}made headline news." "she's old {\cHFFFFFF}and she's arthritic happier" "how old is she?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Between 57 and 60-years-old." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Elephants have the same {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} kind of lifespan as we have." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} We think she's probably {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} the oldest elephant in Europe." "{\cHFFFFFF}Was she born in captivity?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} I think there was about 15 of them {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} brought over from Sri Lanka" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} back in the '50s {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} and she's the last surviving one." "{\cHFFFFFF}'Anne's health {\cHFFFFFF}has improved immensely." "{\cHFFFFFF}'She is safer here than an old {\cHFFFFFF}elephant could ever be in the wild.'" "{\cHFFFFFF}I've been lucky enough during my life" "{\cHFFFFFF}to spend quite some time {\cHFFFFFF}watching and filming elephants" "{\cHFFFFFF}and I find it appalling to think {\cHFFFFFF}that there might be a time coming" "{\cHFFFFFF}when nobody will be able {\cHFFFFFF}to see a wild elephant." "wonderful creatures" "{\cHFFFFFF}are fast disappearing from the earth." "yes." "Hello." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} It's a lot more solid on her foot." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} The cuticles are looking better." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} Great big chunks coming away." "good girl." "{\cHFFFFFF}A vet is now taking a blood sample {\cHFFFFFF}from this lovely old creature." "{\cHFFFFFF}that could last for hundreds {\cHFFFFFF}if not thousands of years." "{\cHFFFFFF}It's all part of a project {\cHFFFFFF}to save the genomes" "{\cHFFFFFF}of our most endangered creatures." "{\cHFFFFFF}Part of a project {\cHFFFFFF}called the Frozen Ark. {\cHFFFFFF}'it must be processed {\cHFFFFFF}and refrigerated quickly" "{\cHFFFFFF}'before it starts to clot." "{\cHFFFFFF}'Contained within every one of {\cHFFFFFF}the thousands of blood cells here" "{\cHFFFFFF}'is the entire blueprint {\cHFFFFFF}for this Asian elephant's species.' {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} but we know she was wild caught {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} in what was then Ceylon {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} is extremely good." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} Absolutely." "I think she's fantastic." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} are important to the Ark" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} and very unusual to come across {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} an elephant that was wild caught." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} We know exactly where she came from." "she's a lovely animal." "{\cHFFFFFF}The sample is whisked to London {\cHFFFFFF}and the Frozen Ark stores" "{\cHFFFFFF}in the Natural History Museum." "{\cHFFFFFF}more species join the list {\cHFFFFFF}of those in danger." "{\cHFFFFFF}Extinction is a natural process." "{\cHFFFFFF}99% of the species that have {\cHFFFFFF}ever lived on earth are now extinct." "{\cHFFFFFF}has just one species been responsible {\cHFFFFFF}for the extinction of so many others" "{\cHFFFFFF}or in such a short period of time." "{\cHFFFFFF}It was the threat of extinction {\cHFFFFFF}that inspired the Frozen Ark." "Ann Clarke went to the {\cHFFFFFF}South Sea Islands to study snails. she set up this vital gene bank {\cHFFFFFF}to tackle the problem." "{\cHFFFFFF}The Frozen Ark has started." "{\cHFFFFFF}What are your targets?" "000 species or so are going to go {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} extinct in the next 30 to 50 years 000." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} But we are starting {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} with the most endangered groups" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} which are extinct in the wild. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} we would ask biologists everywhere {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} to do this tomorrow." "we hope that this will become" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} really a sort of {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} last resort conservation effort. {\cHFFFFFF}the work of the Frozen Ark {\cHFFFFFF}will be even more critical." "{\cHFFFFFF}The only link future generations {\cHFFFFFF}may have to our rich diversity" "{\cHFFFFFF}could be DNA preserved {\cHFFFFFF}in liquid nitrogen." "{\cHFFFFFF}Although science isn't yet capable {\cHFFFFFF}the possibility is not that remote. {\cHFFFFFF}the Ark's bio banks {\cHFFFFFF}await the next delivery." "{\cHFFFFFF}It's here that I add {\cHFFFFFF}another vital sample." "the DNA from" "{\cHFFFFFF}is safely preserved here" "{\cHFFFFFF}where it will remain {\cHFFFFFF}undamaged for centuries" "{\cHFFFFFF}if not thousands of years." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} these pigs exist {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} for one only one purpose. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} human beings consume around {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} 250 million tons of meat a year" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and that could double by 2050." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} All this meat-eating means livestock" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} is quite literally {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} taking over the planet." "we use around a third {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} of the world's land" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} for livestock production. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} So imagine for a moment {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} a world in which meat is produced feed it or kill it." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} A world in which meat is produced {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} in tiny little plastic dishes. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} I've done a lot of work {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} on animal welfare." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} or in vitro meat is intriguing." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} And it's been around {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} since the start of the last century." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Winston Churchill {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} boldly predicted in 1931" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} that science would soon {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} be able to create a chicken breast" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} without a chicken." "NASA {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} pursued the idea of artificial meat" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} as a way of feeding astronauts {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} on long missions." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Now it's scientists here in Holland" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} who are leading the {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} artificial meat revolution" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} collagen and squares of Velcro. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} The process of creating in vitro {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} meat starts with a small biopsy" "and they need {\cHFFFFFF}to grow out of these muscle cells" "{\cHFFFFFF}in very small pieces. {\cHFFFFFF}and you can let the cells grow out. {\cHFFFFFF}and that principle we use {\cHFFFFFF}to grow muscle in the lab." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} What you're doing is {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} damaging the muscle fibre cells {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and they will then grow new muscle {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} fibre cells out of the damaged one." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} The cells are then cultured" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} amino acids and lipids {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} that kick-starts their growth. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the results are pretty impressive." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} This dark outline here {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} is the original muscle fibre cell." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} And they've now divided into..." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} every one of these structures here" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} is a separate cell? {\cHFFFFFF}which means that one cell {\cHFFFFFF}becomes a million cells." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Wow." "theoretically {\cHFFFFFF}we can go up to 50 times {\cHFFFFFF}and then you can create {\cHFFFFFF}an enormous amount of cells" "{\cHFFFFFF}from one single cell." "the cells {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} aren't formed together like meat." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} is to seed them in a collagen gel" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} which should cause the cells {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to organise into muscle fibre." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Or that's the theory." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} This Petri dish has just come out {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} of the incubator at 37 degrees." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} each one of the six wells in it" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} contained a million {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} chaotically organised stem cells." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} I've been promised that {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} there is now a dramatic change." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} this is when it gets exciting." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Wow." "That's incredible!" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} What's happened is that these {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} chaotically organised cells {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} so they're kind of {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} running parallel now" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and they're starting to produce {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} muscle fibre cells." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} it's been created by stem cells {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} in a Petri dish." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} but it seems to be with the way {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} they bind to the collagen " "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} similar to the way {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} that fresh scar tissue shrinks." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} That is really remarkable." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} but not as we know it." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} This product could play {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} a huge part in satisfying our hunger" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} for more and more meat." "of course." "{\cHFFFFFF}These small pieces of tissue {\cHFFFFFF}we can already make right now {\cHFFFFFF}so this can be processed {\cHFFFFFF}into processed meat." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Have you tried it?" "{\cHFFFFFF}I haven't tried it {\cHFFFFFF}but a Russian reporter who came by {\cHFFFFFF}and he confirmed that {\cHFFFFFF}it doesn't taste like meat yet." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Are you not tempted to try it?" "{\cHFFFFFF}Not really." "{\cHFFFFFF}This whole process {\cHFFFFFF}is still in a scientific phase" "{\cHFFFFFF}And people work hard on getting {\cHFFFFFF}scientific questions answered" "{\cHFFFFFF}through these experiments." "{\cHFFFFFF}And then I'm going to eat it {\cHFFFFFF}for no particular reason" "{\cHFFFFFF}other than to satisfy my very {\cHFFFFFF}simple non-scientific curiosity" "{\cHFFFFFF}of how does it taste. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and will just become {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} a piece of scientific history {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the taste the market demands." "{\cHFFFFFF}There is very little known about {\cHFFFFFF}what defines the taste of meat. {\cHFFFFFF}define what determines {\cHFFFFFF}the taste of this meat product." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} One way Dr Post {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} is looking at to improve taste" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} is to add fat and iron." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Another challenge he faces {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} is bringing down the cost" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} of production - {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} it's still very expensive." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} But one wealthy American businessman {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} has seen the potential" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and is investing {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} in the next leap forward." "{\cHFFFFFF}Next year we are going 000 euro hamburger." "{\cHFFFFFF}(LAUGHS)" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} How confident are you that {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} that's possible to get from here {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} that presumably tastes {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} like a hamburger in 12 months?" "{\cHFFFFFF}Apparently convincingly enough {\cHFFFFFF}to get financing for it!" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Scientists here in Holland {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} seem pretty confident even chops and steaks" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} but in vitro meat {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and it could happen if billions {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} of us can be tempted to eat it." "{\cHFFFFFF}The challenges facing us {\cHFFFFFF}often seem daunting." "{\cHFFFFFF}to creating {\cHFFFFFF}a new source of energy." "{\cHFFFFFF}One that has the power of the stars." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Our modern world {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} has a lust for energy. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and the amount we're gobbling up {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} is due to double by 2050. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} renewable energy looks like {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} it's not going to fill the gap" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and nuclear energy is again {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} under the spotlight" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} after recent events in Japan." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} It all seems a bit hopeless. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} an almost limitless supply of" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Too good to be true?" "I believe {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} it's not that far off." "we've been trying {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to unlock the hidden energy" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} scientists worked to harness nuclear {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} energy in a more controlled way." "{\cHFFFFFF}(TELEVISION) A new landmark rises {\cHFFFFFF}at Pleasanton." "{\cHFFFFFF}It's the nation's first {\cHFFFFFF}privately financed and {\cHFFFFFF}operated atomic power plant." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} but when it operated it was on" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} exactly the same principles as every {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} nuclear power plant working today." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} That's something called {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} nuclear fission. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} but it does have its drawbacks. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} which are in limited supply {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and won't last for ever. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and if released can be deadly." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} But there's another way of unlocking {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the energy trapped within the atom" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Unlike in fission where we split the {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} nuclei of the very heaviest atoms {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} like hydrogen. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} much more even {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} than in nuclear fission." "it's going on {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} above our heads every single day." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} It's fusion that powers the sun." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} For decades physicists {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} have been trying to create" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} controlled and sustained {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} nuclear fusion." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Just down the road I'm going {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to visit a group of men and women" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} who think they might be {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} close to cracking it." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} This is the {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} National Ignition Facility {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} home to one of the most important {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} scientific endeavours in the world." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} They've a rather nifty piece {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} of equipment at their disposal." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} The world's largest laser." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} That laser begins life as a tiny {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} beam the thickness of a human hair." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Then over the course {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} of three football pitches 000 trillion times. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} which are then {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} brought back in focus" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} onto a pellet of fuel {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the size of a grain of sugar." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Bruno Van Wonterghem {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} is the operations manager." "{\cHFFFFFF}This is the core of the facility." "{\cHFFFFFF}Here is where all the action starts." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Where the laser itself begins? {\cHFFFFFF}the only laser in this facility is {\cHFFFFFF}located right here behind that panel." "{\cHFFFFFF}Yes." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} This tiny laser beam is split" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and amplified through {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} almost a mile's worth of lenses." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} but 192 giant lasers." "{\cHFFFFFF}These are the world's largest lasers" "{\cHFFFFFF}and it's also the world's {\cHFFFFFF}largest optical instrument." "{\cHFFFFFF}These laser beams {\cHFFFFFF}travel inside these tubes." "40 by 40 centimetres." "{\cHFFFFFF}We have 192 of these beams." "{\cHFFFFFF}Each of these beams is the world's {\cHFFFFFF}most powerful laser by itself." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} with two types {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} of hydrogen isotopes at its heart." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} These pellets are prepared on site. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Even a flake of human skin {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} could spoil the process." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} So I've got to suit up." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Let me show you {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} the capsule over here." "that's the capsule at the end." "right." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} A two millimetre diameter capsule." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Do you want to hold it?" "yeah. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} but it's home is huge." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} This 130 tonne structure {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} is at the heart of the experiment." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} It's a structure that's like {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} a temple to the power of the atom." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} It's the target chamber." "we'll go right inside {\cHFFFFFF}to the target bay." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Wow." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} So this is it?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} This is your star chamber?" "{\cHFFFFFF}This is the target chamber where {\cHFFFFFF}in the centre we create a little star" "{\cHFFFFFF}when we illuminate a little {\cHFFFFFF}fuel pellet by 192 laser beams." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} this is the most beautiful machine {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} I think I've ever seen in my life." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} That's three stories high" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} just the blue target chamber itself." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Then you've got these massive arms {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} beaming in the lasers." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Can we get to look {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} inside the chamber?" "the viewing window allows us {\cHFFFFFF}to look inside the vacuum chamber." "{\cHFFFFFF}Here inside the chamber {\cHFFFFFF}is where it all happens. {\cHFFFFFF}right in the centre of {\cHFFFFFF}this 10 metre diameter sphere." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} The green light is beautiful." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} It makes it seem as {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} if magic is going on inside there." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} in the dead centre {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} of the target chamber. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the capsule {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and the hydrogen atoms implode" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} releasing a vast wave of energy." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Let me give you some numbers." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Over a trillion watts of power {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} will be focused on the tiny pellet." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} When the hydrogen fuel {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} within the pellet {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} that's when the fuel ignites." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Fusion is initiated and the energy {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} within the nucleus will be released." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} The team have achieved {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the first target " "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} firing the lasers" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} generating a fusion burn" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} that releases more energy {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} than it takes to set it off." "they need to get {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the pressure and temperature" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} high enough to cause the nuclei {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} of the atoms inside the pellet" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to fuse and released their energy." "but they hope {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to achieve it in the next year." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Ed Moses is the principal associate {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} director of this ambitious project." "{\cHFFFFFF}If you found a way" "{\cHFFFFFF}economical fusion energy" "{\cHFFFFFF}it changes everything." "{\cHFFFFFF}What is your fuel?" "{\cHFFFFFF}Your fuel is the water in the ocean?" "{\cHFFFFFF}How much do you need?" "{\cHFFFFFF}A million people need {\cHFFFFFF}a few hundred gallons per year." "so it's not polluting." "{\cHFFFFFF}so there's no long-term waste." "but that's it." "{\cHFFFFFF}You don't have geopolitics" "{\cHFFFFFF}everyone can have it." "{\cHFFFFFF}you can give it to everyone." "{\cHFFFFFF}And it does baseload electricity." "{\cHFFFFFF}It would provide power for billions." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} work and play" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} depends on us producing {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} enough energy." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} we're living on borrowed time." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} our supplies are running out." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Our whole way of life {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} is under threat." "nuclear fusion {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} could change all that." "{\cHFFFFFF}We have seen how science is tackling {\cHFFFFFF}some of the man-made problems" "{\cHFFFFFF}that face our planet." "{\cHFFFFFF}There are also natural forces {\cHFFFFFF}that threaten our existence." "{\cHFFFFFF}Next is a story of how scientists {\cHFFFFFF}are battling to protect us" "{\cHFFFFFF}from the destructive {\cHFFFFFF}forces of our sun." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Above the relative calm of our {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} atmosphere there is trouble brewing." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} An almighty clash - {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} when the solar winds interact {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} high-energy particles. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} especially when an event {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} like a solar maximum occurs." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} That's when massive eruptions {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} from the sun's surface send billions" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} some of which reach the Earth." "but solar scientists say" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} there's one just around the corner {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and it poses a major threat." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} great storms far above our heads" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} didn't matter much." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} But now we are very vulnerable." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Our world is dependent {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} on a complex electrical network" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} that could be devastated {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} by a surge from space." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} I'm Maggie Aderin-Pocock." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} I build telescopes and satellites {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} so I'm fascinated by what we can do" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to stop a solar disaster {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} from happening." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} I'm here to see someone from {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the Solar Dynamics Observatory." "{\cHFFFFFF}Do you know where you're heading to?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} I think so." "{\cHFFFFFF}Have a good day." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Thank you. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} where scientists are working {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to predict the next big event" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and to protect us from its effects." "{\cHFFFFFF}Place one between the oscillator {\cHFFFFFF}and the synthesiser... {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} They're getting data from a special {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} satellite launched in 2010. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} including the most extraordinary {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} images of the sun we've ever seen." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} These are images of the sun {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} in multiple wavelengths of light." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} That looks familiar." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} This is the sun {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} you're familiar with." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} It's just basically a boring yellow {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} ball with some dark patches" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} which are sun spots." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} we go to ultraviolet light." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} You see a bit more structure." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} We'll move up to..." "Slightly higher." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} We'll skip this one for now." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} the first of the extreme {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} ultraviolet wavelengths." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} Now we see the dark areas before {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} are bright" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} because now these areas are hotter {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} than the rest of the sun." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} NASA's satellite has allowed {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} scientists here" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to view solar activity {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} in remarkable detail." "so what I want to show you now" "June 7th." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Whoa!" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} That's pretty amazing." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} That's quite scary." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} how big is that? {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} it's a little bit bigger {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} than the Earth but that's about {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} the size of the Earth." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} So that's the Earth?" "So the matter {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} falling out is many times bigger?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} Many times bigger." "Even though a lot {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} of that material fell back a good portion {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} of it also escaped into space." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} These events are known {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} as coronal mass ejections. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} the consequences can be dramatic. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} electromagnetic radiation {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} would disable satellites." "disruption {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to crucial communication" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and navigation systems." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Electrical surges along power lines {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} would melt transformers." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Cities would be plunged {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} into darkness." "{\cHFFFFFF}What you see here is an animation... {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Fortunately there {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} are NASA scientists" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} like Antti Pulkkinen protecting us." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} His analysis {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} of coronal mass ejections" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} provides an early-warning system." "{\cHFFFFFF}So we can have a projection {\cHFFFFFF}that there's {\cHFFFFFF}and our estimate is that" "OK? {\cHFFFFFF}there will be no impact." "{\cHFFFFFF}So if you switch the system off you're OK." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} The next one is predicted for 2013." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} No-one knows just how disruptive {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} it might be." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} That's why NASA's research into how {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to forecast these events" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} is so vital." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Some experts suggest that the damage {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} caused by a major solar event" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} could cost the global economy {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} $2 trillion." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Now I don't believe we will ever {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} be able to tame the power of the sun" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and stop these events {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} in their tracks. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} we can at least prepare {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} for the worst" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} and hopefully stop {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} a global catastrophe." "{\cHFFFFFF}We are a planet addicted to oil. {\cHFFFFFF}So science is using {\cHFFFFFF}the natural world to fight back" "{\cHFFFFFF}when a catastrophe strikes." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} I'm here in the Louisiana marshes {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} on the edge of the Gulf of Mexico" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} and it was here where one of {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} the largest oil spills in history {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} spewed out" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} almost five million barrels of oil. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} by which time it had caused untold {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} damage to this part of the world." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} The scale of the pollution {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} was vast as oil pumped" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} directly from a pipe on the sea bed." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} the environment was hit again." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} were used to break up {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} the oil slicks at sea." "they had to remove the oil {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} by digging up vast tracts of land." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Is this as bad as it gets?" "{\cHFFFFFF}So this is definitely {\cHFFFFFF}one of the hardest hit." "{\cHFFFFFF}the things that provide" "{\cHFFFFFF}have died back." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Dr Michael Blum and Bree Bernick {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} are biologists who have monitored" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} I see there are all these air guns {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} lined up along the shore {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} to scare away the birds." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} Those propane cannons are supposed {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} to keep the birds out" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} of this entire area." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} that it's somehow trying" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} to recover from the devastation?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} You can see in certain areas {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} that plants are regenerating." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} It's hard to know if those roots {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} are penetrating past" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} any residual oil in the soil." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Which is still there." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} We'll have to wait and see what {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} the long-term ecosystem effects are" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} dispersant into the Gulf of Mexico." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} The threat of more oil spills {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} hasn't gone away. scientists {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} have found a way of tackling {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} that have been around on our planet" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} for billions of years." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Professor Somasundaran is obsessed {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} with surfactants " "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} compounds that are the most {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} important part" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} of any cleaning agent." "separate {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} and disperse fats and oils." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} used to clean up spills." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} He was convinced that he could find {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} a surfactant made by nature" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} that would be kinder {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} to the environment." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} So he started looking at microbes." "{\cHFFFFFF}And that is done {\cHFFFFFF}using bio-surfactants." "{\cHFFFFFF}They are produced by microbes." "{\cHFFFFFF}So the question was can we use {\cHFFFFFF}these bio-surfactants {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} that they are biodegradable?" "{\cHFFFFFF}Biodegradable and environmentally {\cHFFFFFF}compatible with the surroundings." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} So Somasundaran and his team {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} started the search." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} After hours and hours {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} looking down the microscope" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} they made a discovery." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} One particular microbe {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} called Bacillus subtilis" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} did something very special. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} and kept them apart." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} So inside all of these droplets {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} is oil?" "{\cHFFFFFF}Absolutely." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Exactly what's needed {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} to break up an oil spill." "{\cHFFFFFF}We were really surprised to discover {\cHFFFFFF}this shell that forms is so robust" "{\cHFFFFFF}so that it will prevent a merger {\cHFFFFFF}of droplets with each other" "{\cHFFFFFF}and so dispersion will be stable {\cHFFFFFF}for a long time" "{\cHFFFFFF}so the microbes can {\cHFFFFFF}do their job." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} Micro-organisms have been keeping {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} life going on this planet" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} for billions of years." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} from our manipulation of these {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} tiny and tireless creatures." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} they've provided us with fuel {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} armies of these one-cell wonders {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} could be released to help clean up" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} the mess we always seem {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} to leave behind." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} we showed you how science" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} is fighting to preserve" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Now a story of how we are defending {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} another part of our natural world. a lot {\cHFFFFFF}about insects and birds and plants" "{\cHFFFFFF}from hedgerows and meadows {\cHFFFFFF}just like this." "{\cHFFFFFF}The meadows {\cHFFFFFF}have been swallowed up by the city" "{\cHFFFFFF}as population growth {\cHFFFFFF}caused it to expand." "{\cHFFFFFF}The hedgerows have been torn up {\cHFFFFFF}global warming {\cHFFFFFF}is beginning to bring in changes." "{\cHFFFFFF}And all that means {\cHFFFFFF}is that plants are in great danger." "in Britain" "{\cHFFFFFF}it's now estimated {\cHFFFFFF}that one species in five of plants {\cHFFFFFF}and that applies worldwide." "{\cHFFFFFF}is provided by plants themselves. {\cHFFFFFF}are truly extraordinary objects." "{\cHFFFFFF}They're tiny capsules that enable {\cHFFFFFF}a plant to travel through time. {\cHFFFFFF}were found in the Tower of London {\cHFFFFFF}and brought here. {\cHFFFFFF}suddenly they sprouted." "{\cHFFFFFF}And it's these which are the basis" "{\cHFFFFFF}of what seems to me {\cHFFFFFF}the Millennium Seed Bank. 000 species." "{\cHFFFFFF}to these state-of-the-art facilities" "{\cHFFFFFF}at Wakehurst Place {\cHFFFFFF}in the south of England." "{\cHFFFFFF}Paul Smith is the director {\cHFFFFFF}of this ambitious but vital project. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} the rarest species and those that {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} we think are most useful to people. {\cHFFFFFF}but there's lots to do {\cHFFFFFF}before they're stored." "a large shipment of seeds {\cHFFFFFF}has arrived from Madagascar." "they're cleaned" "{\cHFFFFFF}and dried for up to six months." "{\cHFFFFFF}A sample is then X-rayed" "{\cHFFFFFF}to check the seeds are properly {\cHFFFFFF}formed and contain an embryo." "{\cHFFFFFF}Those damaged by insects {\cHFFFFFF}are discarded..." "{\cHFFFFFF}..and the healthy ones are {\cHFFFFFF}finally stored in glass containers" "{\cHFFFFFF}there are a billion seeds." "{\cHFFFFFF}is quite extraordinary." "{\cHFFFFFF}But is this treatment working?" "{\cHFFFFFF}Will these seeds be kept alive {\cHFFFFFF}by these conditions?" "{\cHFFFFFF}The plain fact {\cHFFFFFF}is that nobody really knows." "{\cHFFFFFF}It's a gamble. {\cHFFFFFF}the seed bank can check {\cHFFFFFF}that they're still alive." "{\cHFFFFFF}The seeds that survive all this" "{\cHFFFFFF}will only be of use {\cHFFFFFF}if they can germinate." "{\cHFFFFFF}So the bank is creating {\cHFFFFFF}a set of growing instructions" "{\cHFFFFFF}for future generations. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} which is a ten-metre tree" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} from the Kalahari desert." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} And they're very like an almond. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} so people make it into a porridge." "{\cHFFFFFF}So what's the problem?" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} how do you germinate it?" "nothing happens." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} This species has evolved {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} to gain a competitive advantage {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} and the trigger for that is smoke. {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} and we have to smoke-treat it." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} And the way that we do that {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} is we use a smoke solution." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} You can smell it." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} It smells of smoke." "{\cHFFFFFF}(SNIFFS) Yeah!" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} And we pop the nut in a flask... {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} and the chemicals in the smoke" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} will break the dormancy {\cHFFFFFF}{\cHFFFF00} and trigger germination." "{\cHFFFFFF}Wonderful." "Really wonderful. {\cHFFFFFF}'someone will germinate {\cHFFFFFF}one of these Mongongo seeds" "{\cHFFFFFF}'and once again it will provide {\cHFFFFFF}a vital food source.'" "{\cHFFFFFF}The seed bank is only here" "{\cHFFFFFF}because we have destroyed {\cHFFFFFF}so much of the natural world." "{\cHFFFFFF}Part of me hopes {\cHFFFFFF}that we will never need it." "{\cHFFFFFF}But another part is thankful" "{\cHFFFFFF}that it's here as the last resort." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} The human species {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} has conquered Earth." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} But success has come at a price." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} Our demands on the planet" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} have created problems {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} for generations to come." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} science does have solutions." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} We are in a race {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FFFF} to ensure our future." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} Next time:" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} how bacteria is creating fuel... {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} This is a biodiesel" "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} ..the power of regeneration... {\cHFFFFFF}I see it moving now." "{\cHFFFFFF}That's pretty impressive." "{\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} ..and unlocking the secrets {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} of a long and healthy life." "we can {\cHFFFFFF}{\cH00FF00} really influence the ageing process."