"Okay, guys." "Come on!" "Separate the officers for interrogation." "I'll be damned." "General Spaatz, we meet at last." "Reichsmarschall Goring." "My wife." "My daughter." "Your Eighth Air Force has destroyed my beautiful Luftwaffe and leveled our beautiful cities." "Even so, I prefer to surrender to a fellow airman." "Gentlemen." "May I?" ""The stars at night are big and bright" ""Deep in the heart of Texas" ""The prairie sky is wide and high" ""Deep in the heart of Texas" ""The sage in bloom is like perfume" ""Deep in the heart of Texas"" "Unbelievable." "Unbelievable." "Those pictures were on every wire service." "American officers throwing a party for Hitler's Number Two man." "What was the commander thinking?" "I'm told that it's a code of honor among airmen that transcends politics." " And brains, apparently." " The commander was reprimanded." "Ike has ordered that Goring be treated no differently than any other prisoner." "Excuse me." "I finagled some real coffee from the Chief Justice's office." "Elsie's the best scavenger in the entire building." "You shouldn't have gone to such trouble." "Coffee's no trouble." "Now a set of tires, that's another story." "I still can't believe he's gone." "For me, it was like losing a father." "Truly." "Whatever I have, whatever I am it's because of Roosevelt." "I was in London, seeing Churchill, when the news came." "With the end of the war in sight, the President sent me as his confidant to discuss a rather tricky subject." "What to do with captured Nazi leaders?" "What was Churchill's opinion?" "He said:" ""They should be summarily shot for crimes against humanity."" "What's your opinion?" "If it's a crime for the Nazis to shoot people without a trial how could it be less so for us to do the same thing?" "That's Truman's feeling, exactly." "And Churchill now shares that view." "Surprisingly enough, so does Stalin." "You're talking about a war crimes trial which they attempted after the last war, and it completely unraveled." "Because it had no weight." "This will be an international tribunal, comprised of the four powers:" "America, England, France and Russia." "President Truman wants the best prosecutor in the country." "One with a reputation for being tough, but impartial." "He wants you, Bob." "I haven't prosecuted a case in years." "Roosevelt chose you for the Supreme Court because of your integrity as a prosecutor." "That's why Truman picked you for this." "Because he wants a fair trial." "Not a legal lynching." "I like it right here, Sam." "This would mean I would have to step down." "A temporary leave of absence." "You'd be back in six months, maybe seven." "is the President aware of the fact that I'm opposed to the death penalty?" "Yes." "But he's not concerned, because he knows you'll do whatever is right." "As you know, a fair trial means an uncertain outcome." "If we don't prove the defendants' guilt they'd walk, even if we could smell the blood on their hands." " Do the Allied powers understand that?" " Truman does." "You'll have a chance to make it clear to them." "The trial is yours to create, Bob." "You get to set the rules, hire the staff, find the setting." "You even get to pick the defendants." "This trial could unravel, too like the last attempt, if it is poorly planned if it is unsound, legally or morally." "Or it could establish a basis for conduct among nations that would alter history for generations to come." "The trial will be held in Germany." "That's where the defendants are, the evidence, witnesses." "Are there any decent hotels still standing?" "I don't relish the idea of spending months in some dreary army base." "You won't have to worry about that." "No wives allowed at Army's request." "Bad for morale." "All those men over there for years without their" "You don't want me there, fine." "I'll be downstairs, whenever you're ready." "Eighteen minus three." "Fifteen." "Fifteen plus seven." "Twenty-two." "Nine minus nine..." "Good morning, General Spaatz." "I'm afraid I have to ask you to get dressed and pack for travel." "Where are you moving us?" "Only the Reichsmarschall." "You're being transferred to Bad Mondorf." "Well, you know, it's a very pleasant spa, but why must I go alone?" "Because that's where they're rounding up German war criminals." "No!" "No." "I'm sorry about that." "Get dressed, please." "You must be brave." "Very, very brave." "Edda, you will?" "We know who you are, Mr. "Jew Butcher of Krakow."" "And we've seen the camps, too!" "Nazi bastard!" "I must say that I was lucky when the Arms Ministry was destroyed in an air raid in 1943." "It rid me of useless paperwork and pencil pushers." "Sir!" "What do you think was the single most effective thing you did during the war?" "When Hitler appointed me his Minister of Armaments I threw out the military chiefs and turned to the professionals." "Industrialists and engineers." "Then I borrowed the ideas of Walter Rathenau the great Jewish chief of the German economy during the last war." "Standardization of parts the division of labor, and the maximum use of the assembly line." "Thank you, Dr. Speer." "Gentlemen, we'll now break for lunch." "Dr. Albert Speer." "Obviously." "You're under arrest for major war crimes." "Move aside." "Pay attention." "The orders are in." "Listen up!" "You'll all be taken to different places of detention." "The following prisoners will go to Bad Mondorf as defendants in future war crimes trials." "Step forward." "Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel." "Grand Admiral Karl Donitz." "Colonel General Alfred Jodl." "Follow me." "I haven't left Washington since the war." "I couldn't even remember how to pack." "I was so worried about bringing the things for the office." "I forgot half the things that I need." "I've one set of nylons for the entire time and they already have a run." "I even traded ration coupons with my friend so I could buy nylons." "You are as jittery as a hen." "What is the matter with you?" "I've never been up in an airplane before." " Good morning, Robert." " John." " Bob." " Tom." "Robert, good morning." "This is my chief secretary, Elsie Douglas." "Elsie, this is Tom Dodd, who'll be Deputy Prosecutor." " lt's nice to finally meet you, Miss Douglas." " Pleasure." "Colonel John Harlan Amen, Head of interrogations." "Miss Douglas." "Colonel Telford Taylor, our liaison with the other prosecuting teams." " Pleasure." " All mine." "And Colonel Robert Storey, Head of Documents Division." "Pleased to meet you, ma'am." "Now that we're all here, let's go." "So who are we really after?" "Military leaders?" "Political leaders?" "What about the bankers and industrialists who funded the Nazis?" "What about the soldiers and civilians who carried out the atrocities?" "We can't put the whole country on trial." "We need to suggest the scope of the crimes." "I want this trial to be the first of many." "How about choosing a symbolic figurehead from each category?" "We cover the whole spectrum." " That way no one group gets off scot-free." " Makes sense." "If we win, we can keep prosecuting Nazis till the cows come home." "Remember, we may also fail to win convictions in which case, some or all of the defendants could go free." "I'm still wrestling with the validity of this trial." "Crimes committed during war have never been called crimes." "Let's focus on existing law." "What existing laws did the Nazis break?" "Well, they broke peace and border treaties, certainly Geneva and Hague Convention." "Right." "Every time they invaded a country, they broke a law." "My fear is that at the end of the day, when all is said and done this trial will be perceived as nothing more than triumph of superior might." "The winners exacting punishment on the losers." "Our task is to make sure that this is not the triumph of superior might but the triumph of superior morality." "We're in a very interesting position here." "We are in a position to fashion a future in which aggressive war will be dealt with as a crime." "Here, here." "Move it!" "Let's go!" "Over there!" "Line them over there!" "Come on, let's go!" "Corporal." "New arrivals, identify yourselves." " Fritz Sauckel, sir." " Head of Labor Conscription." "Former head." " Julius Streicher." " Publisher of..." " l can't pronounce it." " Der Strumer." "It's filth." "You bankers are all Jews, you think I don't know that?" " Shut up." " Hjalmar Horace Greeley Schacht formerly President of the Reichsbank and Minister of the Economy." "I do not understand why I have been accused here." "I'm your jailer, not your lawyer." "You'll get your day in court." "Hans Fritzsche." "Chief of Radio Operations in the Nazi Propaganda Ministry." "Rudolf Hess, former Deputy Fuhrer." "Hess." " You." " Joachim von Ribbentrop." "Nazi Foreign Minister." "You." "Colonel, this is Dr. Robert Ley, head of the German Labor Front." " You're Albert Speer." " Yes, sir." " What's wrong with him?" " His mind's not what it used to be." " He's a drunk, it finally caught up with him." " l said, "Shut up! "" "Colonel." "This man, Streicher, is a disgusting person." "A pornographer and a Jew-baiter." " l do not wish to be housed with him." " We make no distinctions." "Colonel." "We respectfully protest our arrest." "We were only following orders, nothing more." "As a fellow soldier, surely you must understand." "Now you're no longer a soldier." "You are all war criminals." "All of you!" "Lock them up." "Nazi bastards!" "Where's the guard?" "Reichsmarschall Hermann Goring at your service, sir." "You are in the United States Army Stockade at Bad Mondorf." "Did they tell you why you're here?" "Because we lost the war." "I assume, to be shot or hanged." "It's up to the Court." "I've heard of this Court." "Its opinion doesn't concern me." "The opinion of the German people is what really matters." " ls that so?" " lt is so." "History will show that everything I did was for the greater German Reich." "There will be statues of Hermann Goring all over Germany in 50 years." "Little statues, perhaps, but one in every home." "You're fat as a house." "Starting right now, I'm putting you on a diet." "You will be mentally and physically fit to stand trial." "Captain." "Colonel." " Who is it?" " Hans Frank, sir." "Tried to cut his wrists and throat." "They stopped him before he could do any damage." ""The Jew Butcher of Krakow."" "Take him to the infirmary, have him checked out." "I want a four-man watch on him around the clock." " On the double." " Yes, sir." " Good work, Captain." "What's your name?" " Gilbert, sir." " You and your men want to chow with us?" " Thank you, sir." " You a surgeon?" " Psychologist." "What we are faced with, or so it appears is the secular equivalent of drafting the Ten Commandments." "Each nation has its criminal statutes, but for the world at large, none exist." "None are necessary." "We're trying war criminals whose guilt is unquestioned by our governments." "If we're going to have a trial, it must be based on law. lt must be a fair-- lt must only determine degree of guilt and appropriate punishment." "A completely fair trial with opposing counsel direct examination and cross-examination." "Precisely." " Before judges that act as referees." " As in a sporting match?" "Pain in the butt." " That's not how it's done in my country." " Nor in France." "Lawyers merely help the accused prepare a defense." "They have little role in the court itself." "In the U.S., a defendant is entitled to his lawyer's most aggressive representation." "Yes." "As in Britain." "You would allow a man such as Ernst Kaltenbrunner responsible for the Gestapo, concentration camps for killing millions of innocent people to stand before a court of law and declare himself not guilty?" "That is precisely what we would allow." "Twenty million of my people were killed by these fascist criminals!" "Half of them civilians, killed without mercy!" "How many died in Washington this way, Mr. Justice Jackson?" "It occurs to me that perhaps separate trials might be the most satisfactory way to reconcile our differences." "The U.S. and the British along with the French, if they choose will conduct a trial with the Nazis that we currently have in captivity." "Kaltenbrunner, Frank, Speer, Goring..." "The Russians, of course, would be free to hold their own trial with the ones that you have on hand." "There is no need to be so impulsive." "We are, after all, allies." "We must try to bridge our differences." "At least the prosecution is a unified group now even if we did compromise with the French and let the judges be the jury." "I must say, your neat little trump card turned Comrade General into a pussycat." "I didn't enjoy playing it." "I didn't want to sandbag the poor guy." "I would've preferred to convince him." "The old boy was quite convinced by your subtle reminder that we've got most of the big Nazi fish, while they only have a couple of minnows." "Nonetheless, I couldn't argue with his point." "My country was spared the worst of it." "No bombed-out cities." "No slaughtered children." "I couldn't begin to know." "How can you look at all this and still want to guarantee these men a vigorous defense?" "I want to put National Socialism on trial." "So they'll incriminate themselves." "Besides, I don't want this to happen again." "There's no question, you're the undisputed leader in this." "Today proved that." "When we finish our work here, go to Germany, find a place for the trial." "If anything still exists, that is." "Robert, I can't believe this." "My brother came here as a college student." "I still have the picture book he brought me." "It was nothing like this." "This isn't even the same city." "There were medieval bridges and gingerbread houses." "This was also the site of some of Hitler's biggest rallies." "Nuremberg was the spiritual center of the Third Reich." "What are the odds of finding the housing we'll need for the thousands of people who'll attend the trial?" "Army guarantees it." "Parts of this city were untouched by the bombings." "There's hundreds of fine houses." "Some vacant." "Others whose owners are desperate for money." "What's that smell?" "There's still around 30,000 bodies trapped under the rubble." " Ready?" " Yeah." "Follow me." "The grand old Palace of Justice." "A landmark in more ways than one." "It took five bomb hits, but just shrugged them off." "Attention!" "The courtroom's upstairs." "Offices, that whole wing there." "And behind that wall, all the jail cells you'll need." "Right this way." "Justice Jackson, the courtroom." "This is a mess." "It'll take a lot of work." " A lot of work." " But it's doable." "Bob?" "The Ten Commandments." "The Ten Commandments, in the place where the Nuremberg Laws were decreed that deprived all German Jews of their rights." "This is it." "This is the place to hold the trial." "Give me the word. I'll have General Patton move in 15,000 German POWs and start cleaning up the whole city." "I'm giving you that word right now." "Captain Kiley, what do you think?" "I'll need to double the size of the courtroom." "I'll have to take out that rear wall and cut into the attic for a visitor's gallery." " l saw some terrific seats in an old theater." " Great." "The chandelier has got to go." "Fluorescent's more practical..." "The Palace of Justice is going to see justice once again." "Sir, this was just forwarded from the base." " Thank you very much, Sergeant..." " Fuchs." "Morris Fuchs, Brooklyn, New York." "Well, I knew it wasn't Wisconsin with that accent, Fuchs." "Thank you." "President Truman wants to appoint Francis Biddle as the U.S. judge for the trial." "Are you serious?" "He fired Biddle as Attorney General." "Why would he do that?" "Guilt, maybe." "Probably." " l guess, it's this instead of a gold watch." " How do you feel about that?" "Read Truman's wording:" ""Unless you have a problem with this."" " Which means-- - "Don't have a problem with this."" "I've got to go back to Washington and brief Truman anyway." "I can stop in Philadelphia along the way and try to cajole Biddle to become a team player." "When do we leave?" "I need you to stay here, set up our office, and find us a place to stay." " Make those decisions without you?" " That'll be fine. I trust you." "Bob?" "When your name is called, get your ass on the truck." "When you board the plane, get a seat by the window, dear boy." "It maybe the last view we have of the fatherland." "I couldn't face going back into private practice." "Not after all those years in Washington at the nerve center of the country, the war." "What is the current status in Nuremberg?" "We're gathering evidence, choosing defendants." "We've settled on 22 men." "We've narrowed our targets to those who ran the concentration camps." "Good thinking, splendid." "The ones who gathered the slave labor, as well as those that used it." "Absolutely right!" "The judges have a great deal of work ahead of them with the pretrial discoveries." "Well, of course, you'll be there to guide me through it." "I'm thrilled, Bob. it's an honor." "This means a great deal to me." "Am I safe in calling the President and telling him you've signed off on me?" "That I'm approved as Chief American Judge?" "I'll arrange your flight this week." "We need you there as quickly as possible." "We need to gear up fast." "The trial's in one month." "We'll have dessert in Nuremberg." "All right, all right, okay." "Slow down." "Take it easy." "I've got to say I find it a little unnerving walking past 300 German POWs carrying pickaxes." "You've got a bodyguard." "Just let one of them try to mess with you." "You want the desk sideways?" "No, light from the side gives him a headache." "You really take good care of this guy." "That's my job." "That's fine?" "Perfect." "Could you please find Captain Kiley?" " l wonder if the filing cabinets are ready." " Sure thing." "The first thing you must understand about these men is that they are war criminals." "Their rank means nothing." "There is to be no exchanging of salutes or any other military courtesies." "Now, I know most of you men saw combat." "You lost friends, companions." "We've all seen the bodies at the side of the road." "Men who gave their lives in the service of their country so that we might have the opportunity to bring these criminals to justice." "Our job is to make sure that these criminals survive long enough to have that justice served." "To make sure that our friends, our companions, did not die in vain." "That'll be all." "Attention!" "On your feet." "Swab your cell." "I beg your pardon?" "Der bucket." "And der mop." "Use them!" "Pick it up!" "Pick them up!" "Now!" "Pick them up!" "Lieutenant!" "Back off!" "Easy." "Okay." "Put him down." "Colonel!" "Doctor?" "He'll rest now." "His heart rate was up to almost three hundred beats per minute." "It could've led to heart failure." "That's just great." "That's just what I need." "To lose the biggest bull in the roundup." " Lieutenant?" " Wheelis, sir." "I'm making this man your personal responsibility." "He is not to exert himself." "As God is my witness, he'll be in the best of health when they hang him." "Yes, sir." "Lieutenant." "Lieutenant Wheelis." "With your permission, I shall call you:" "Leutnant." " That's fine, sir." " Good." " Thanks for the ride, Fuchs." " No problem." "Robert!" " Welcome back." " lt's nice to be back." "It's really good to have you back." "So..." " Quite a job you've done here." " You should see the inside." "Come on." "Excellent." "Excellent work, Captain..." "Kiley." "Kiley." "What's your background, Kiley?" "A couple of architecture classes." "Never got a degree." "Neither did I." "Are you serious?" "You're a justice of the Supreme Court." "I practiced law for 20 years with only a single year of law school under my belt." "Things were easier back then." " You shouldn't give away your secrets." " l won't tell if you won't tell." "How are we doing with the gizmos for the simultaneous translation?" "ibm's inventing the process as we go, sir." "But we'll be ready for you, I promise." "I don't doubt that." "Excuse me." "Question is, "Will we be ready?"" "The whole team's waiting in our office." "They'll fill you in." "I missed you." "I missed you, too." "When I was home, I couldn't find a phone number." "I couldn't find a document." "Now you won't have to worry about that." "I'll take Goring." "Should be fun." "Tom, I'd like you to do Speer." "My pleasure." "I'd also like you to take von Schirach and Funk." "Good." " Are the indictments ready to be served?" " l say we hold off till the last moment." "As it is, we get to treat them like POWs." "We can interrogate them all day long." "Once indicted, they're entitled to have their lawyers present." "This is going to be a fair trial." "Let's serve them as soon as possible." "Let the British deliver the indictments." "It's not right for us to hog the whole show." " What if they want Nazi lawyers?" " Hell, no!" " What crazy example would that set?" " Free speech." "For crying out loud, boys!" "Nazis defending Nazis." "They ought to be on trial themselves." "We have to pay them?" "I wonder what these fellows would do if the situation was reversed." "We don't have to answer that question in this room." "The judges will be here in one week." "We'll let them decide." "Will you excuse me?" "This just arrived from Biddle." "He's decided not to fly." "He's coming over on the Queen Elizabeth." "He'll be here in three weeks." "I'm a bit surprised at Biddle." "I'd never seen a man so hungry for approval." "Well, yeah, but then you approved him." "I did learn a lesson there, didn't I?" "And how I hate learning lessons." "Don't you think this is a bit excessive?" "I got it for a really good price." "Thank you." "Justice Jackson, meet Frau Hassel and Herr Hassel." "Willkommen." "How do you do?" "I have lived five years in America." "Well, it's a pleasure to meet you, Frau Hassel." "Please, come in." "Follow me, bitte." "I will prepare dinner." "Something light, perhaps, at this hour." "Thank you." ""Light" means five pounds of lard in the dumplings instead of six." "Who owns this place?" "Some banker who no longer owns a bank." "I think we're his only source of income." "Come on." "Thank you, Herr Hassel. I'll do that." "Danke schon." "So where is your room?" "Upstairs." "It's a cute little attic-apartment type thing." "is it all right?" "Well, it's nicer than what I have in Washington, Bob." "I haven't seen what you have in Washington." "Oh God, I am so bushed." "Just hold on till dinner." "Would you like a drink?" "No, maybe later on." "Don't do that." "I've arranged a breakfast meeting with the team tomorrow morning." "Good." "Just to go over some finer points." "You sure pack well, Bob." "Bob." "Thanks." "Start with this one." " l hope I shan't make a balls of it." " You'll be just fine, old chap." "Open up." "Good morning." "I am Major Neave." "I am the officer appointed by the lnternational Military Tribunal to" "Wait." " You're British?" " l am." "Finally, a civilized man." "Neave." "What is your given name?" "Airey." "Major Airey Neave." "I have heard this name before." "Airey, like the wind." "Why would I have heard this name?" "I was captured, tortured by the Gestapo, and escaped twice." "I see." "Then you've earned your given name." "I am the officer appointed by the lnternational Military Tribunal to serve upon you a copy of the indictment in which you are named as defendant." "I'm also here to advise you as to your rights to counsel." "I care nothing for lawyers." "You can find one for me, Major Airey of the wind." "We're men of culture." "We both know the truth." "The victors will always be the judges." "The vanquished, always the accused." "Yes?" "Open it up." "Until I've studied this, I cannot speak to the accuracy of the charges against me." "But I acknowledge the necessity of this trial and accept my inclusion in it." "How can you say that before reading the charges?" "There's a common responsibility for the crimes committed in the name of the Third Reich." "No one is blameless." "Apart from the victims." "But we were just following orders!" "I know nothing about crimes against humanity." " Here's a list of lawyers." " Jews!" "They're all Jew names!" "I want to be defended by a German naval officer." "I was a lawyer myself, full of ideals." "Why don't you just shoot us now?" "Why don't you shoot us now?" "I want a guard posted at the porthole of every cell." "They are to be watched around the clock!" "I will not have them taking the easy way out!" " l need to pick up a document." " l'll meet you in the office." " Find any directives on Polish slave labor?" " Take your pick." "There's something peculiar about the German character." "Makes them keep detailed records of everything they do." "It's downright perverse." "The Nazis put into writing every criminal thought they ever had and every criminal act they ever did." "In this room is enough evidence to hang half the country." "I'll settle for 21 clean convictions." " Get what you need?" " More than." "I've arranged all your random notes for the opening statement into something less random." "Legal, Thematic, Anecdotal, Precedent, Theory." "You're really something." "When you decide what, let me know." "Oh, my God!" "I don't believe this." "I've noticed that this case has inspired the orator in you." "I tried to capture a tone, a mood, for the entire case." "A melancholy grandeur, if you will." "Well, it's all here." "You have a something right here." "We only have two days to finish the speech." "Maybe you should start dictating." "Right." "This simultaneous translation business is like taking a room in the Tower of Babel." "I can assure you, whoever designed those electronic earmuffs" "Earphones, Sir Geoffrey." "Earphones." "Whoever designed them did not try them over a barrister's wig!" "Not to worry." "On you, they'll be most becoming." "That'll change my style..." "Who's that over there?" "He's a psychologist." "The army transferred him here to consult on the suicide risks among the prisoners." "I had arranged for a flight to pick you up." "You were meant to be here two weeks ago." "What happened?" "You developed a craving for shuffleboard?" "I just I needed time to get up to speed." "I worked the whole way over." "I'm fully prepared." "Any of my colleagues here?" "I'd like to meet them." "Perhaps later on." "I need to talk to you about something." " You must take some vodka." " No, thank you." " Try it. lt makes it strong." " l am content with the cognac." " We do it all the time in Russia." " You can't mix it." " We do it in Russia all the time." " Not in France." "Thank you." "Thank you." "Look at this, Bob." "It was a gift from my family." "After the trial I will donate this, along with my papers, to my alma mater." " l think future generations" " Francis..." "On the subject of who will serve as President of the Court the British are prepared to support you, but..." "Yes?" "It's not in the best interests of the trial." "The Americans are far too dominant in this thing already." "The trial must be viewed as a joint effort." " l really do have the qualifications." " l know you do." "If not me, then who?" "Sir Geoffrey Lawrence." "The British share our sensibilities." "That's a lot better than having de Vabres or, God knows, Nikitchenko." "I think I can sell the French on this idea too." "Everyone back home assumes that I will be head of the Court." "Francis, your role here will be of incredible importance." "This is probably the last appointment of my career, Bob." "This is how I'm going out." "With great honor." "Francis, you'll be capping your career with great honor." "Now that Ley's done himself in who should we get to replace him in the dock?" "It's not a Broadway show." "We don't just bring out an understudy." "We've still got 21 left. lt's a good number." "Boys, they are coming back." " Biddle doesn't look too happy." " Can you blame him?" "Gentlemen, I'd like to introduce Judge Francis Biddle." "Hello, sir." "Pleased to see you." "Ladies and gentlemen." "Please." "A salute to my colleagues in the law." "How fortunate we are to be in a profession where we may speak our minds." "Not like diplomats who must behave like dogs on a leash." "To the law!" "I was wondering if you'd care to dance with me?" "I'm not much of a dancer." "Well, let's go embarrass ourselves." "It's my opinion head-shrinking has no place in this man's army." "But you've been assigned to me, Captain, and I plan to make full use of you." "You'll help me stop losing any more of my prisoners." "From what I know of your set-up here I can say that you've created the perfect suicide ward." "What are you talking about?" "These men have nothing to do all day but think about their faith." "They should." "To keep them alive and sane they need to be occupied, mentally and physically." " A small library, for instance." " Library?" "Would make all the difference in the world." "So would an exercise yard." "I had something quite different in mind." "Put you in their lives." "Give them somebody to talk to, open up with." "They'll surely jump at the chance to jibber-jabber with somebody as bright and enthusiastic as yourself." "They'll tell you what they're thinking and planning." "You'll report everything you hear to me." "Colonel-- l will not hear anything about morals and ethics." "These men are prisoners." "Criminals." "Not patients." "That's the deal, Captain." "Take it or leave it." "The library and the exercise yard, sir?" "You got it." "This place is worse than I expected." "What a nightmare." " Where do we pick up our press passes?" " The Palace of Justice." "What's the metal bar on the front of the jeep do?" "It cuts the wires that Germans string across the road at night." "Several Gl's have already been decapitated." "Lovely." "Here we are, gentlemen." "I'll take your bags to the hotel." "All right." "Thanks a lot, buddy." "See you around." "Have press credentials ready to show." "You will be given press passes and transferred to assigned lodging." "Get in line, gentlemen!" "Check this out." "Nice and tight, please." "We better go sign in." " Rudolf, you put it on the wrong foot." " What?" "The shoe." "Na ja." "Hess seems completely mad." "It is an act." "He is being clever." "If he was so clever, he wouldn't have spent the last four years in an English prison." "I turned my diaries over to the Americans, voluntarily." "That proves that I tried to resign as Governor-General of Poland." "I did not approve of the persecution of the Jews." "Anyone reading my diaries, they will know what was in my heart." "They will understand that those things I wrote about the Jews the orders I signed they were not sincere." "I believe you, Herr Frank." "And yet, you did do those things." "How do you explain it?" "I don't mean legally." "I'm not a lawyer or a judge." "I mean, how do you explain it to yourself?" "I don't know." "It's as though I am two people." "The Hans Frank you see here, and Hans Frank, the Nazi leader." "I wonder how that other Frank could do those things." "This Frank looks at that Frank and says:" ""You are a terrible man."" "And what does that Frank say back?" "He says:" ""l just wanted to keep my job."" "Friends." "When we begin this grotesque farce tomorrow, my friends never forget that we're here for one reason." "And one reason only." "We lost the war." "But someday, a grateful German nation will honor our legacy." "Doctor!" "What do you have if you have one German?" "You have a fine man." "Two Germans, a Bund." "Three Germans?" "A war!" "Are you really in such a good mood, Herr Goring?" "Or is this your way of handling fear?" "Fear?" "What do I have to be afraid of?" "I've ordered thousands of men into battle knowing full well that not many would return." "Why should I, their leader, tremble when called upon to face the enemy?" "I know that I'm a condemned man." "That is of no consequence." "There is still work to be done." "And, mark my words, it will be done." "One Englishman?" "An idiot." "Two Englishmen?" "A club." "Three Englishmen, an empire!" "I spoke with the translators today to get a sense of the pace you need to maintain." "It's tricky. lt's not just about pace." "It's about rhythm, pausing at the end of phrases." "We should rehearse a little tonight." "Not the whole speech." "You need to save your voice." "This is unbelievable." "Open them up." " Good morning, Leutnant Wheelis." " Good morning, sir." "It's time to go, Reichsmarschall." "How do I look?" "You look fine, sir." "How do you feel?" "Excited. I have waited many months." "Many months of silence." "Now at last I'm being heard." " Shall we?" " l'm not allowed to do that, sir." "Yes, of course." "Bring them out!" "Hitch them up!" "Pull them out!" "All right, Sergeant, search the cells." "Sir Geoffrey." "With my respects." "Bless you, Biddle." "After you." "All rise!" "This trial, which is now to begin is unique in the annals of jurisprudence." "The defendants, all having been served with copies of the indictments are now to enter their pleas." "Hermann Goring." "I have a statement which I will now read to the court." "The defendants are not to make a speech." "They are only to enter a plea." "I declare myself, in the sense of the indictment, nicht schuldig." "Not guilty." "Rudolf Hess." "Nein, nein." "Record that as "not guilty."" " Joachim von Ribbentrop." " Nicht schuldig." " Wilhelm Keitel." " Nicht schuldig." " Ernst Kaltenbrunner." " Nicht schuldig." " Alfred Rosenberg." " Nicht schuldig." " Hans Frank." " Nicht schuldig." " Wilhelm Frick." " Nicht schuldig." " Julius Streicher." " Nicht schuldig." " Walther Funk." " Nicht schuldig." " Hjalmar Schacht." " Nicht schuldig." " Karl Donitz." " Nicht schuldig." " Erich Raeder." " Nicht schuldig." " Baldur von Schirach." " Nicht schuldig." " Fritz Sauckel." " Nicht schuldig." " Alfred Jodl." " Nicht schuldig." " Franz von Papen." " Nicht schuldig." " Arthur Seyss-lnquart." " Nicht schuldig." " Albert Speer." " Nicht schuldig." " Konstantin van Neurath." " Nicht schuldig." " And Hans Fritzsche." " Nicht schuldig." "All the pleas have now been entered." "Justice Jackson." "Your opening address, please." "May it please your honors." "The privilege of opening the first trial in history for crimes against the peace of the world imposes a grave responsibility." "The wrongs which we seek to condemn and punish have been so calculated so malignant, and so devastating that civilization cannot tolerate their being ignored because it cannot survive their being repeated." "That four great nations, flushed with victory and stung with injury stay the hand of vengeance and voluntarily submit their captive enemies to the judgment of the law is one of the most significant tributes that Power has ever paid to Reason." "If these men are the first war leaders of a defeated nation to be prosecuted in the name of the law we agree that here they must be given a presumption of innocence." "We accept the burden of proving criminal acts and the responsibility of these defendants for their commission." "We have no purpose here to incriminate the whole German people." "Hitler did not achieve power by majority vote, but seized it by an evil alliance of revolutionists reactionaries and militarists." "You will hear today and in the days ahead of the enormity and the horror of their acts." "The prosecution will give you undeniable proofs of these incredible events." "I count myself as one who received, during this war, atrocity tales with suspicion or skepticism." "No more." "The catalogue of crimes will omit nothing that could be conceived by their pathological pride, cruelty, and lust for power." "You will hear of the repression of organized labor." "The harassment of the Church, the persecution of the Jews." "The conversion of mere anti-Semitism into the deliberate extermination of the Jews of Europe." "You'll hear of the long series of German aggressions and conquests and broken treaties." "The terror that settled over Germany." "The havoc wrought on the occupied territories." "And you'll know that the real complaining party at your bar is Civilization." "Civilization asks whether law is so laggard as to be utterly helpless to deal with crimes of this magnitude by criminals of this order of importance." "It does not expect that you can make war impossible." "It does expect that your juridical action will put the forces of international law its precepts, its prohibitions and, above all, its sanctions on the side of peace." "So that men and women of good will in all countries may have leave to live by no man's leave, underneath the law." "The court is now adjourned." "Jackson's speech?" "Pedantic." "Tiresome lot of nothing. I nodded off twice." "The food is better today." "Do you think they'll feed us like this every day?" "They always feed you well before they hang you." "That's so true." "They can't hang us." "We're soldiers." "They have to shoot us." "Stop this talk." "We must concentrate on our defense." "If you are not going to eat, Frank, give it to me." "It's a crime to waste such good food." "Look what they have done to your beautiful city." " Nuremberg is not mine." " But it was." "Was anything ever more extraordinary than the Parteitagen you staged in September?" "The night skies lit up like a bonfire as we carried our torches through the streets." "A quarter million of us on our way to the Zeppelin Fields." "I remember standing there for hours, basking in the radiance of the Fuhrer." "Then I would take a group of my Hitlerjugend to the river where we'd would bathe together." "We'd cool off from the fires that were burning within us." "But now that just seems like a dream." "A strange, wonderful, frightening dream." "It was not a dream, it was a nightmare of our own making." "And it's time to wake up from it." "The look in Hitler's eyes was not radiance, it was madness." "is the British prosecution ready?" "Yes. indeed we are." "Your Honors, with permission I wish to read from a sworn affidavit by one Hermann Friedrich Graebe." "A German construction manager who, in a civilian capacity was employed by the German Army in occupied Ukraine from 1941 to 1944." "On several occasions he observed the mass murders of local Jews committed by the SS or Schutzstaffel, the Nazi party's police and security organization." "One such occasion he writes, took place on October 5, 1942 near the city of Dobno." "That morning, Herr Graebe was informed that all 5,000 Jews from that city were to be taken by SS trucks to a place near his building site where they were to be shot and buried in large pits." "He continues." ""Thereupon I drove to the site and saw near it great mounds of earth." ""Several SS trucks stood in front of them." ""l heard rifle shots, in quick succession..." ""Those who had just got off the trucks, men, women and children of all ages..." ""...had to undress upon the order of an SS man, who carried a whip." ""All these people had the regulation yellow patch on their clothes..." ""...and thus could be recognized as Jews." ""And without screaming or weeping..." ""...these people undressed, stood around in family groups..." ""...kissed each other, said their farewells." ""l watched a family of about eight, a man and a woman..." ""...with their children and two grown-up daughters." ""An old woman with snow-white hair was holding the youngest, perhaps a year old..." ""...in her arms and singing to it, tickling it, and the child was cooing with delight." ""All the people around were looking on with tears in their eyes." ""The father was holding the hand of a boy about 10 years old..." ""...and speaking to him softly." "The boy was fighting his tears." ""The father pointed to the sky, stroked the boy's head..." ""...seemed to explain something to him." ""At that moment, the SS man at the pit shouted to his comrades." ""The latter counted off about 30 persons and instructed them..." ""...to go behind the earth mound." ""Among them was the family that I have mentioned." ""l well remember a girl, slim and with black hair, who..." ""...as she passed close to me, pointed to herself and said:" ""'Twenty-three.'" ""l then walked around the mound, and was confronted by an enormous grave." ""People were closely wedged together and lying on top of each other so that..." ""...only their heads were visible." ""Nearly all had blood running over their shoulders." ""Some of the people shot were still moving." ""Some were lifting their arms and turning their heads..." ""...to show that they were still alive." ""The pit was at least two-thirds full." ""l estimated that it already contained about one thousand humans." ""The victims, completely naked..." ""...went down some steps which were cut out of the clay wall of the pit and..." ""...clambered over the heads of the people lying there..." ""...to the place where the SS man had directed them." ""They lay down in front of the dead or injured." ""Some caressed those who were still alive..." ""...and spoke to them in low voices." ""Then I heard a series of shots." ""l looked back into the pit and saw that the bodies were twitching." ""The heads lying already motionless were on top of the bodies that lay..." ""...beneath them." ""When I walked back, around the mound, I noticed another truckload had arrived." ""This time it included the sick and the infirm." ""An old, very thin, very frail woman..." ""...with terribly thin legs, was undressed by the others who were already naked..." ""...while two people held her up." ""The woman was obviously paralyzed." ""The naked people..." ""...carried the old woman..." ""...around the mound..." ""...and the shooting continued."" "Signed, Friedrich Graebe." "Did any of you ever hear of this Graebe?" "Rough day, Reichsmarschall?" "On the contrary." "We had an excellent lunch, a nice view of the city." "And in the courtroom, we had the best seats in the house." "Cuffs off!" "They go on about this Graebe person." "It doesn't concern us." "We were not even mentioned." "They must have very little evidence against us." "I always suspected the British prosecutor was a Jew." "Now I am sure of it!" " Shut up, Streicher." " Please, don't be so na.ive!" "We are on trial!" "Of course they'll say terrible things about us." " They have not even begun." " Lock them up." "Happy dreams, Leutnant." "Good night, Reichsmarschall." "Your Honors, I would like to read into the record Document 294-PS which describes manpower initiatives and how they were directed." "You have already read into record eight nearly identical documents on this subject." "Do you really feel it's necessary to introduce a ninth?" "Yes, your honor, I do." "Very well." "Please continue." "Document 294-PS begins as follows... I have come to the conclusion the sentences are already being carried out." "Justice Jackson means to bore us to death and is succeeding beyond his hopes." "Now the Fuhrer, what a speaker!" "At a rally, here in Nuremberg he held an audience of 250,000 people in the palm of his hand for an entire afternoon." "As legal strategy your documentary approach has been unassailable." "But as drama, it is, I regret to say, absolutely stultifying." "As you know, it's not meant to be entertainment. lt's meant to be a trial." " And it's ours to lose." " A trial is a show, Robert." "Like it or not, it's a show." "And those four learned men sitting on the bench are as impressionable as any audience." "You're pushing for witnesses?" "Witnesses will give this trial a human face." "One compelling witness can outweigh a ton of documentary evidence." "Mr. Pachelogg, while you were imprisoned in Dachau were you at one time asked to participate in a medical experiment?" "Yes." "And the Nazi doctor who supervised that experiment, Dr. Rascher did he ever explain to you its purpose?" "He said the Luftwaffe had a problem." "That its pilots shot down over the North Sea often survived a crash in freezing waters only to die later, after being rescued." "The purpose of the experiment was to prevent these deaths." "And what experiment did he devise?" "First, I helped to strip other male inmates naked and put them into water tanks." "You were forced to do this to fellow inmates?" "Yes." "And then?" "Then we added large pieces of ice." "We put thermometers into their rectums to make sure the men were freezing." "Then, some of them we plunged into hot water others in warm water, others we put next to naked female inmates so the doctor could learn which method would best revive them." "Mr. Pachelogg, would you be so kind as to read this conclusion from Dr. Rascher's meticulous records." ""Rapid rewarming was, in all cases, preferable to slow rewarming..." ""...because after removal from the cold water..." ""...the body temperature continued to drop rapidly." ""Rewarming by animal warmth was too slow."" "Thank you." "Mr. Pachelogg, do you recall whatever became of the subjects of Dr. Rascher's experiments on behalf of the Luftwaffe?" "Most of them went into convulsions and died." "Thank you." "In 1942, I was arrested, interrogated and ordered to sign a false confession." "I refused." "The German officer threatened me." "I told him, "l am not afraid of being shot."" "He said, "We have means at our disposal which are far worse than being shot."" "Please continue, Madame." "Soon afterwards, I found myself packed with 230 other French women in a sealed train on our way to Auschwitz." "A sealed train?" "No food, no water." "Nothing." "At Auschwitz, the trains ran almost all the way to the gas chamber." "They unsealed the cars and the soldiers let everyone out." "I saw men, women, children, old couples forced to part from each other." "Mothers made to abandon their children." "None were aware of the fate that awaited them." "Those selected for the gas chamber were immediately driven to a red brick building." "I saw my friend, Annette, on that truck." "She called to me." ""Think of my little boy if you ever get back to France."" "Then she put her arms around another French woman and they began singing La Marseillaise." "One night, we were awakened by horrible cries." "The next day we learned that the Nazis had run out of gas and the children had been thrown into the furnaces alive." "Of the 230 women on that train how many returned from Auschwitz?" "Forty-nine." "Thank you, Madame." "You're excused." "There you are." "The film came in late last night, and I was up until dawn watching it." "Very few people have seen this film." "You have got to enter this into evidence this morning." "What's the film?" "You're not going to believe this." "May it please the tribunal." "The United States now offers a film into evidence." "It was compiled from motion pictures taken by Allied military photographers as their armies liberated areas in which concentration camps were located." "Go." "It was such a nice day, laughing, joking and then they showed that horrid film." "Propaganda." "Anyone can do it." "A little of this, a little of that, and before you know it..." "Still..." "Those films... I've read any number of affidavits, reports, statistics." "But I didn't really understand until I saw those films." "I still don't understand." "I don't think I ever will." "How could civilized human beings do that to other civilized human beings?" "Maybe civilization's overrated." "Good night, Leutnant." "Goodnight, Reichsmarschall."