"A CINEBIOGRAPHY OF" "SÉRGIO BUARQUE DE HOLANDA" "RAÍZES DO BRASIL" "Everybody's here already." "Some of my children some of my grandchildren, some of my great-grandchildren..." "People say that I grew a little, but that's not true." "The whole tribe is here." "Sweetheart!" "Sérgio is up there feeling very envious of me." "We first met by the Jockey Club one night during Carnaval." "Then we went to Lido, cheerful place during Carnaval." "People dancing, having fun..." "What about the courtship, the engagement?" "There's not much to tell." "It just happened." "That's all." "Dad loved telling incidents." "I also like telling incidents." "Daddy would start telling an incident, then he'd abruptly change to another, would start telling something else..." "Some people would catch on, but some would get completely lost." "Some of his pupils loved the way he told them, but some were dazed with his total lack of objectiveness." "He would teach his classes like that, totally absentminded." "The first time I set foot in a nightclub was when mom went to Rio for a couple of days and left us at home with Nanny, daddy..." "Vinícius de Moraes called daddy and said, "We're here at The Cave", which was a very fashionable place in São Paulo at the time." "So he said, "Why don't you drop by?" "Everybody's here"." "Daddy couldn't resist." "He took me there, and Vinícius thought I was very cute." "In no time I was at the microphone singing to a playback with the songs of Black Orpheus, which I knew quite well." "Then people started taking my singing seriously." "The lights were dimmed, a spotlight was shone on me, and I thought, "This is what singing is all about"." "That's when it dawned on me how pleasant it was to sing, to perform." "We hadn't settled on a key, on anything, but everything worked out fine." "And daddy was so proud." "He was marveled." "Paulinho, you could do that in an easier key to sing." "Let's try it anyway." "I'll learn the song." "Let's do it again." "Daddy said that the first time I ever showed any response was when he sang that old song by Braguinha, "Touradas em Madri"." "I met a Spanlsh lady who grabbed bulls with her hands" "Daddy would do something very scary." "I guess I got very frightened, and he'd be very amused by the way I responded." "I also remember an argument over the samba"Pelo Telefone", if it actually had been the first samba ever composed." "And daddy would say, "No, I met Donga." "I knew all those guys"." "And uncle Jaime would sing "Pé de Anjo"." "Angel feet, angel feet you are a sinner, a sinner" "Your feet are so big you might crush Our Lord" "Stuff like that, and lots of Carnaval music." "And mom would sing those songs about women being beaten, rascal's wives." "There' s no love like a rascal's, my Lord" "I've never seen such passion" "If he beats you it' s because he likes you forto beat someone you dislike I've never heard of" "A lot of partying went on at our house." "Mom knew that daddy was an incorrigible bohemian." "Before I was born, they had a short period when they could party, but that was abroad, and since mom is a very devout catholic, she started having many children." "We are 7 brothers and sisters." "So the partying was transferred to our house." "The sound daddy's typewriter made was an unrivaled lullaby... the old typewriter." "It sounded like..." "I'd fall asleep listening to that." "Sometimes when he was writing, when he was working on an idea, it was like a musician trying out chords, and he would type... and when he'd find the right idea..." "Very well done." "You drink scotch very well." "When Sérgio wrote, you could say he became possessed." "It was like a fever." "He would write sitting on his easy chair." "When he'd written a few pages, he'd type them." "When he didn't like the result, he'd crumple sheets of paper and threw them on the floor." "After a while there floor was covered with crumpled sheets of paper." "And when he had written a certain amount of pages, he'd type them." "Then he proofread them and typed them again." "He was very thorough in his work." "It took a long time for him to consider his job done." "Only after a lot of pages had been handwritten and torn, a lot of pages had been typed and torn, he would consider the job done and then sent it to his publisher." "Irene!" "Let's get out of here." "I'm sick of teaching classes!" "Daddy's study, on the contrary, was a big mess, and the books weren't stored only in his study." "They started taking up space in the corridors." "This was at the last house we lived in on Buri Street." "Daddy didn't want anybody messing with his books." "Daddy spent part of his day, probably after he retired, he spent part of his day in his study." "I recall that he read much more than he wrote, you see." "But he also wrote a lot." "It was the same before he retired." "At night he was usually alone in his study, to which our access was restricted." "Except for Baía, who was his favorite daughter." "She could go in anytime." "I recall that once a friend dropped by on the night of December 24th, Christmas Eve, he saw Dad in his study and said," ""Sergito, even on Christmas Eve he reads books in his study"!" "That's right." "He really enjoyed reading, he enjoyed his work." "Wonderful, isn't it?" "That's a rare thing." "Very few people manage it." "When I was admitted to the Economics course, gradually, after I graduated," "Daddy gave me some of his books on Economics." "This one for instance, this is a book that I researched a lot for a recent study," ""History of Economic Analysis", by Schumpeter." "And this one too, by D. Dillard, which covers the works of J. M. Keynes." "We never knew if daddy was talking seriously or if he was joking." "So sometimes he was serious, scolding us, and we thought he was just joking." "So then he'd explode, you see." "Then he'd really lay it down on us." "Irene!" "João!" ""To João'balalão, bread head', from your loving grandfather." "Sérgio, September 9th, 1978."" "This is the book my grandfather gifted me." "It's been a long time since I last read it." "I was only a month old, September 9th, 1978." "I was born August 19th, 1978." ""For Teresa, my 13th edition, this book which is also on its 13th edition, Sérgio,'Pappyotto"', with two'p's and a'y'." "This is "Raízes do Brasil" that Pappyotto gifted me, and it's not..." "it doesn't have a date on it, but it must have been in 198O, the year I was born." "I remember this incident." "Pappyotto and daddy were in the living room, at Buri Street, and he was probably sitting in his big leather easy chair." "I got back from school and kissed him on his lips." "So he got up and started shouting around the house," ""She kissed me on the lips!"" "This here is "Raízes do Brasil", which Sérgio dedicated to me." "He wrote a dedication to each grandchild and, when he wrote mine, my mother was pregnant, so he wrote," ""To my 14th grandson or granddaughter"." "They say it was the last thing he wrote before he died." "This was four days before he died." "His handwriting is shaky." "I mentioned the ambiguity of my father angry or joking." "When I mention daddy angry, it wasn't always because of noble work-related reasons, because we were disturbing him." "Sometimes he'd get upset for childish reasons." "I remember that, shortly after we returned, we came live in São Paulo, there used to be a soccer championship between state teams, and the São Paulo team had beaten the Rio de Janeiro team, the neighborhood kids came over and were hassling us," "because we were from Rio." "So we were cussing them from a window, and they cussed us back," ""Your mother is a whatever..."" "So Dad came to the living room and started yelling at us, he was very angry at us because we were cussing the'Paulistas' and we were defending the'Cariocas'." "And Dad, who knew nothing about soccer, was defending the'Paulista' kids." "This jesting was characteristic of him throughout his whole life." "This combination of seriousness and jesting." "Once, Miúcha and some friends were playing music downstairs, and he, not knowing how to introduce himself, picked up this horn used for herding cattle and entered the living room blowing on the instrument." "That's how he introduced himself to Miúcha's friends." "I remember once Dad started telling this incident, and mom said, "Sérgio, you're exaggerating too much." "It wasn't quite like that, it happened like this..."" "Then he said, "Maria Amélia, if I don't exaggerate a little bit, the story will seem dull"." "In his last days, his last weeks, he lost some of his lucidity, but not all of it, you see." "He seldom went downstairs by himself." "But a couple of days before he died, I was told, he went downstairs by himself and, when he got there, he shouted, "Victory"!" "Two days later he died." "He was very sick, you see." "The last thing he wrote I think was..." "Irene showed the book, was the dedication to her." "Dad died the 24th." "The 2Oth was my birthday." "We knew... her mommy was pregnant, and..." "One day mom called me on the phone, daddy had come back from the doctor who'd said that there wasn't much hope." "So she gave us the bad news, and I said," ""So give him some good news, you see, so he will..."" "After teaching classes and hassling the students..." "Zeca..." "I need to have a"caipirinha"." "Zeca is my nephew." "Zeca can sit elsewhere." "Today I gave them a test and I flunked everybody, so I need to drink a..." "Baía, Zeca said that at the library at UNICAMP the students say that at night Dad's ghost turns on a light and sits there reading books..." " Has he been filmed yet?" " The ghost?" ""To The Last Tango..."" "Sentimental itinerary..." "This was our first home after we got married." "On the first floor, it had a living room and a bed room with a window." "There was a balcony there, where we put Miúcha's cradle." "Vinícius de Moraes would visit us and would stare at the child and say how beautiful she was." "Sérgio was eager to chat with Vinícius." "Living here was very pleasant." "Many friends came to visit, the apartment brand new, nice and all..." "We lived here for a year." "The street looked different." "You didn't have so many buildings." "There used to be low houses and from the window you had a view of the sea." "It was great." "I thank God for it." "Did you like my narrative?" "Gosh, this building!" "I loved it here." "I was a young lady then." "Three children, and Sérgio working nonstop here." "It was a fine period in our lives." "...his study... his world." "I'd go in there sometimes, the books covering the walls and closing windows forever." "All those books were a mystery to me." "What actually caught my attention the most was a big dark-covered set" ""The Sermons of Father Antonio Vieira"." "I don't know why Dad read them, since he wasn't a religious person." "But he read sermons and more sermons, about twenty volumes of Father Vieira's sermons." "I can see my father getting home, walking down Buri Street, walking down the street, and it surprised me to see him walk down the street at all, and even more to see him walk swiftly down the hill." "At supper, everyone was seated at the table and mom would shout, "Sérgio!" "Sérgio!", always, "Sérgio!", because he'd take a long while to come downstairs to have dinner, because he was always busy at work reading or writing." "I never heard Dad mention the books he wrote or the things he was writing." "He talked a lot about the literature he read, all kinds of literature, from Tolstoi to Little Lulu." "Everything he was reading at the time or that he had read would inspire him, and he'd say a verse by Apollinaire he'd quote authors out of nowhere." "He talked a lot about other author's literature." "He never mentioned his writings." "Even in his book's dedications to his sons, to his daughters, to his granddaughters, he would write things such as," ""Don't read this book, it's too boring", things like that." "When I was about thirty years old, I read "Raízes do Brasil"." "It took a while and I said to him, "Daddy, I'm reading'Raízes do Brasil"'." "And he said, "Don't." "Read 'Visão do Paraíso'." "It's much better"." "The recollections I have of Hadock Lobo Street, the early recollections of São Paulo are mixed with certain amount of fear I had of my father." "I feared him because..." "that's exactly why I recall most the street, the soccer we played at Hadock Lobo Street and at a small unpaved road called Taiarana Street." "Sometimes I'd come home hyped up, shouting like if I were still playing, and suddenly Dad, who seldom scolded us, sometimes he'd explode, you see." "He'd come down from his study, he'd walk down the stairs and we'd know that hell would brake loose." "Daddy didn't like children all that much." "He liked the girls, their beauty, and his son's intelligence." "Little children didn't amuse him very much." "Of course, when he detected any sign of intelligence in a son or daughter, he then allowed us in his study." "I was allowed in his study after the age of twenty." "Before that, I didn't go near his study." "I'd walk by and see that person with his glasses on his forehead and just kept on going." "I remember all the expectation regarding leaving for Italy." "Because he'd sent..." "he went to Italy ahead of us." "He'd send us news about the house where we were going to live." "It was a wonderful house with an elevator." "It was a house, not a building, but a house with an elevator, a domestic, private elevator." "We thought that was awesome, a house with a yard, an elevator..." "When we arrived there, it was already dark outside, it was cold, it was weird, it was dark, and there was no heating." "For some reason, the heating wasn't on." "So we arrived, and mom was upset, I'm not sure what happened next." "She looked around and she didn't like what she saw." "The elevator was actually a small lift for food since the kitchen was on the ground floor and the dining room was upstairs, so there was this food lift which sometimes would fall, and we had this Italian maid... it would all fall on the ground, and the maid would cry... and lunch or supper would go to waste." "In Italy, most of the apartment buildings are called palaces." "So we thought we were going to live in a palace with a private elevator." "Daddy had an Italian teacher that I thought was beautiful, and I think mom was a little jealous of her." "In Europe, I started to see Dad outdoors like I never saw him in São Paulo." "The image of my father outdoors reminds me of Europe." "It brings up a more relaxed, healthier image of my father... the two years spent in Europe." "To start writing was the cue allowing me in his study." "So I started writing some things, and I'd hand them to him and I'd leave and be frightened as he read it with a serious look on his face, his glasses on his forehead..." "He'd read, and then he'd call me and say," ""You need to read more," and so on." ""But there's quality here"." "He would make some observations not to discourage me," ""You could read this or you could read that..."" "He'd suggest some books." "That environment itself suggested a lot, all those books of his..." "Dad and I had a nearly professional relationship, and one day he gave me a book, which I understood as a passing down of a scepter." "I have this book till today." "It's an analogical dictionary, of related ideas, and it's delicious to read." "Your mind travels far with the words, and he used it all his life." "When he gave it to me, it was quite withered, and today, if I don't hold it carefully, it will come apart in my hands." "Here in Rio, what I liked was socializing with friends." "I've talked a lot about them, haven't I?" "Very dear friends we had throughout our whole lives." "Vinícius de Moraes visited us often at Buri Street, and he'd bring his friends over." "I remember Vinícius when Bossa Nova was just beginning." "Him with Baden Powell, Alaíde Costa..." "And people would show up." "It became a..." "And it went on." "You came to Rio, and he kept on showing up with his friends at our house." "I think he became closer to daddy during that period at Buri Street, you see." "I have the impression he went there often." "Even after he died, Vinícius still dropped by." "Vinícius?" "Sure." "There's this famous tale that they had agreed..." "I'm not sure which one of them was more afraid of dying, so they agreed that whoever died first had to appear before the other and tell how things were after death." " Remember that?" " And Vinícius appeared to him." "They even switched hats behind the glass door." "Daddy was very sad." "When Vinícius appeared, daddy asked," ""Hurry, Vinícius, tell me what it's like"." "And Vinícius did like this..." "and vanished." "He liked gossiping, you see." "Daddy would instigate Vinícius to tell incidents involving his former wives." "Daddy loved listening to Vinícius gossip." "Vinícius had many incidents to tell and daddy loved gossiping." "Regarding historical facts, he liked most the gossip." "What he didn't write in books, he told us." "Dom Pedro's pubic hair he sent in a letter to..." "No." "That was the Duque of Caxias, who sent a pubic hair..." "Oh, it was the Duque of Caxia's pubic hair?" "I guess there's another pubic hair incident..." "He loved the incident about the pubic hair." "Sending pubic hairs in letters was a fad at the time..." "Pubic hairs in letters..." "that was great." "The friendship between Dad and Vinícius generated offsprings." "Their children became friends." "He would mention the family thing..." "That they formed a new family, the Buarque de Moraes." "Their friendship exceeded their generation." "Vinícius is my daughter Silvia's godfather." "The Buarque de Holanda family..." "they envy each other so much!" "Who is the favorite uncle, the favorite cousin..." "Who likes who best." "Who Pappyotto liked best." "Who Memélia liked best." "One day, Bebel, the granddaughter who saw Pappyotto most often, the eldest granddaughter who lived with him for a while..." "Once Bebel said, "I went to Pappyotto's study and asked him which granddaughter he liked best, and he said it was me"." "So I, very impudently, waited a while and, that same day, maybe ten minutes later," "I went to his study and he was reading or writing, I'm not sure." ""Papyotto, which granddaughter do you like best?"" "He said, "You"." "Papyotto autographed a copy of "Raízes do Brasil"" "for each grandchild, and here's mine." ""Silvia, who learned to write at the age of four..."" "He's exaggerating, "...and I, at the age of five, do not ever read this book, which is more than four-hundred years old." "Regards from Sérgio, Papyotto"." "We seldom saw each other." "I think the three of us are the granddaughters who were less in contact with Pappyotto." "That's why we have so few recollections of him." "Some years ago, I started getting interested in academic subjects because I majored in Philosophy, and through a friend, a colleague who had read it, recommended it to me." "Incredible, isn't it?" "I liked it a lot." "I read "Raízes do Brasil"" "and was highly impressed." "I wonder why I took so long to read it." "It seemed very keen, and very well written." "It was beautiful, and I loved the ideas... the content." "I remember the house on Buri Street when all the grandchildren were brought together." "Usually there were many children there." "He enjoyed showing us his study, all those books, a big mess, all stacked up, but he knew where each book was placed." "He liked very much to show us his microfilm machine." "Several of his books were microfilmed." "He liked very much to turn on the machine on and show it to the kids." "The roll was very small, he put it in the machine and that green light came on..." "PC's weren't popular back then and we were very impressed." "He would show us the microfilms." "I couldn't read, but it seemed so beautiful to me, all that writing, the book projected." "He would always create an atmosphere of mystery and enchantment, so the kids would be very impressed." "I studied History at the university for two years and of course I studied "Raízes do Brasil"." "I liked "Visão do Paraíso" a lot." "That's when I really got to know Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, because before that he was Pappyotto, my grandfather." "Cinema at home..." "Everything OK?" "How wonderful..." "How are you, gentlemen?" "Everything OK?" "We were talking about you on our way from the airport." "That you would be here." "Bruno... the whole family is here." " Talked about Pappyotto yet?" " Sit down and say something too." "You want me to say something about Pappyotto?" " Sure." "What should I say?" " That's up to you." "Her father and her grandfather I know through books." "I have to say something." "He thought my grandfather was Aurélio, the author of the dictionary." "But my grandfather is Sérgio, he didn't write the dictionary." "He had quite a vocabulary..." "I actually thought he'd written it." "I was very frustrated. "Mister Aurélio wasn't your grandfather, such an illustrious character." "My grandfather was a historian..."" " Am I free to go now?" " I don't think so." "No doubt that Rio was more important, much more important than São Paulo." "But today you can't state that." "But he was a wholehearted 'paulista'..." "Who?" "Sérgio?" "No doubt about it." "He was very stubborn about it." "His mother wanted to move to Rio, but he resisted the idea out of sheer stubbornness." "He never changed his mind." "When he retired, I felt like moving to Rio, but he said, "Frankly, no"." "He loved São Paulo." "Sérgio was the curator of the Paulista Museum, which is next door to us, and I had a lot of sympathy for him and I visited him often." "I learned a lot from him." "I learned a lot about modern art, for instance." "One day I mentioned dadaism." "Sérgio then pulled a book from a shelf and gave me a two hour lecture on dadaism making any further inquiries on the subject unnecessary for me." "What fascinated me most about Sérgio were his immense talent and culture and, essentially, the way he dealt with them." "Sérgio's house was a very pleasant place to be." "We didn't go there for any specific reason." "We just went there, so we could be there." "Sérgio loved music." "In my opinion, he knew nothing about it." "Maria Amélia is quite a connoisseur." "She was familiar with all the ancient'carioca' composers." "She knew all their songs, and sang them, and her daughters are also all very talented." "Singing, Maria Amélia was a disaster." "She sang in a high-pitched voice." "She sang samba in a soprano key..." "It was terrible, but we enjoyed it." "It's very difficult to comment on Maria Amélia." "You have to know her..." "It's something difficult to convey, because she's so intense, she's so determined..." "She is also highly principled over the right issues, such as true friendship, straightforwardness." "So she is a born leader." "Moreover, aside the leadership, the harshness, she is remarkably sweet, you see." "You talk to her on the telephone, and it makes you feel good." "So Sérgio... the smartest thing he ever did was to marry Maria Amélia." "Sérgio was content at work." "He'd be upset if he had an appointment that forced him to leave the house at night." "I, for instance, like to go to the movies, so I went." "When I got back home he'd say, I bet the film was lousy." "Actually the film had been good, but he wished it hadn't been." "But the days he wanted to chat with his friends he really enjoyed it." "Our home was quite a happy home." "We had wonderful friends and a great time." "In my opinion." "In the early fifties, we lived in São Paulo, on Hadock Lobo Street, in a house that today would be unimaginable." "There was a vacant lot in the back of the house facing Augusta Street." "Sometimes a circus or an amusement park would be set up there, and one day an elephant escaped and came into our yard." "So there was this big commotion, and daddy was at home working." "I ran to his study and said," ""There's an elephant in our house"!" "He was at work, concentrated..." ""Just crumple it and get rid of it", and just went on typing." "A seminar was going to be held, and mom couldn't go, because she'd be in Rio, so she recommended us to go since we'd be in São Paulo." "So Sergito, Baía and I went." "After it finished, "What about a drink?" "Something to eat?" "A nice chat?"" "The post-graduate students wanted to know what their professor was like at home, what he liked to read." "Regarding newspapers, he'd do the crosswords and he'd read the horoscope." ""What else he read?" "He read Little Lulu."" "The students were astounded." ""The professor reads Little Lulu!"" "He read Little Lulu." "He liked reading Little Lulu..." ""Tell us more about him..."" "At a certain point in the conversation, we mentioned that he smoked grass." "Suddenly there was this ominous silence." ""The professor smokes grass?" "!"" "He'd always ask me, when I arrived from Pernambuco, if I'd brought some of that reefer that I usually roll up." "And when he died, mom found in one of his desk drawers..." ""I found this among your fathers belongings, and by the way it was rolled it can only be yours."" "One thing that amused me about Sérgio was that at times he'd get a little tired, so he'd decide to take a little break." "But his break consisted of reading a Russian novel to nibble at, an Italian play, English poetry to refresh his mind, to refresh his mind rather than to rest." "What pleased me most about Sérgio was the... was his capacity, his enthusiasm for his work." "I remember that he used to say that when I was born" "I was delivered in a small wicker basket garnished with silk, satin sheets, ribbons, that little birds were carrying as he sang a tune." "Maybe I was a little spoiled." "Daddy's study was sacred grounds, the place he worked, and it was a preposterous mess, books and documents only he could find." "So I can understand his concern, because he had seven children." "A siege of kids grabbing, taking his things, scribbling on his documents, so it was forbidden to enter his study." "Maybe because I was the quietest, the most fragile," "I could go in the study." "But this wasn't a personal privilege, you see." "I remember something amusing happened in Rio when daddy took me someplace in downtown Rio." "I could tell he was enjoying pampering me." "He took me places and asked me what I wanted." "If I wanted ice-cream, if I wanted some sweets, if this or that, so I felt that I could abuse him a little." "So I told him my secret, my most intimate desire." "I was what, ten years old at most." "So I told him what I really wanted was a bra." "Daddy was quite amused." "Because I saw the ladies with those marks on their shoulders, the straps, and it seemed it was so nice..." "So he took me to a store and talked seriously to a saleswoman and he was actually having fun." "So the lady came back with several bras, I tried them on..." "We spent half an hour fooling around, trying on bras, until we decided that none would fit me." "So then, he promised me that as soon as my breasts would grow a little, he'd buy me a bra." "I was twelve years old, but I looked like I was eight." "Daddy would hold a cigarette pack out to me, and I'd take one and I'd smoke, but I didn't inhale." "Because we were putting on an act." "So people would be..." "the ladies would be perplexed, but they couldn't oppose Mister Sérgio, and had no idea how things worked at our house." "I remember I was saying good-bye to a boyfriend at the gate, and suddenly I turned around and I saw daddy sort of hidden spying on me." "So I said, "Daddy, what are you doing?" "Are you spying on me?"." "He was so embarrassed, he said, "No." "It's not what you're thinking." "I just wanted to see how people date nowadays"." "He was also interested in the things I was reading..." "So I remember when I started reading "Grande Sertão Veredas"," "He loved "Grande Sertão", you see." "He was happy to know that I was reading... that really thick book." "I read slowly." "So he'd barge in the room every two hours, took the book out of my hands, saw what page I was at, flipped some pages, then flipped some pages back, lifted his glasses and then he'd give it back." "He'd do this all the time." ""Daddy, the story's still unfolding, it's very slow..."" "At a certain point, he couldn't wait any longer, he said," ""Did you get to the part where you find out that Diadorim is actually Diadorinha?"" "I almost literally threw the book at him." "A week before he died, he was very weak and pretty much confused." "He couldn't recognize people or simply forgot..." "He'd say, "Zaninha"... but he couldn't concentrate, didn't talk much any more." "At a certain moment, mom walked by." "He said, "Zanoquinha, I wouldn't have accomplished the things I did, everything I accomplished, that I wrote, that I accomplished was with your mother's support, was thanks to your mother." "She has always assisted me, since'Raízes do Brasil'." "I owe her everything"." "Mom wasn't aware of this, but I think he needed to say what we all knew." "Everyone said that it was mom who made things possible, that is, was mom who took care of everything, so he could work." "But he wanted to say it, to put it in words." "He wanted to make this statement, to put it on record that it was thanks to mom, that he owed her everything." "Even in his last days, Sérgio wanted to work." "My God, I remember that the night before he died" "Maria do Carmo helped me carry him from his study to his bed, stumbling, part of the way on a wheel chair." "Maria do Carmo needed to assist him to get him into bed." "But always working, insisting on it." "Once, near the end, he was at his study among his books..." "He was very tired already, he'd take a book, left it aside, took another... that's when he said how nice it would be if Brazil's history could be written not according to its leaders," "the people in office, but according to its people, to the poor, the destitute, you see." "Brazil seen, photographed, if we can use the word that is, from bottom to top, from inside out." "Of course a research team would be required and plenty of time, which he didn't have." "But that would be wonderful." "I think so too." "Don't you?" "At least there's the outline of a project in case anyone is interested." "I remember the bonfire of books..." "This here is my son Theo, the youngest great-grandson." "There was this bonfire of books, useless books." "She'd argue with Pappyotto..." "then there was the bonfire." "When I went to his study, he'd open the door and it was funny." "I'd say, "Hi, Pappyotto." "Hi"." "And he'd say, "Helena has arrived." "Lelê is here"!" "And I'd say, "No, Pappyotto, it's not Lelê." "It's me, Rutinha." "Don't you remember me?"" ""No, I'm sure you're Lelê." "Look at that hair", and he'd caress my hair." "I'd say, "No, no..."" "This went on for hours until I was just about to cry." "Memélia would step in and say, "Sérgio, cut that out." "Stop hassling the girl..."" "I remember that he was quite a joker." "He didn't have a problem with modern things." "I remember he was one of the first people I knew who had purchased one of those modern electrical typewriters." "As soon as they were marketed, he purchased one." "Today he'd probably own a state-of-the-art computer." ""For Rute to read, if she will, after she's forty, the same age this old book is right now," "Sérgio Buarque de Holanda." "July 11th, 1978."" "Sérgio was never an activist." "He didn't get involved in street bombings and such, but he fought the dictatorship." "First he opposed Getúlio Vargas, and then things turned for worse." "He'd always take a liberal, advanced stance." "He was quite enthusiastic when the Worker's Party was founded..." ""Things are getting better", he'd say." "He filed for retirement when his colleagues were retired." "We are at a place I'd say is very adequate to talk about Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, because we are at what was once the conference room of the" "University of São Paulo's Philosophy, Science and Literature college." "Later it was renamed the Literature and Human Sciences college." "This is the conference room, and here, therefore," "Sérgio carried out his duties as a member of the congregation, as a professor." "This is where he took the famous exam to become professor of History of Brazilian Civilization in 1958." "Sérgio was a kind of a highly complex entity with contrasting personalities." "He was, for instance, an erudite scholar with a disposition for playing pranks." "He was a fellow of an uncommon intellectual sternness and a devout joker." "At a faculty meeting, for instance, he'd come up with some astounding remarks." "He was very conscious, let's put it, of an intellectual's duties in terms of sternness, but at the same time he preserved the qualities divulged by the 1922 modernist movement." "He was a man shaped in the atmosphere of the modern art movement in such a way that he preserved the prankishness, the joking..." "What the modernists taught Brazilian literature was that for a person to be stern doesn't mean that person has to be sullen." "Sternness is related to happiness." "He was familiar with English, Italian, German and French literature, so you must keep in mind how refined this man was." "He was the combination of a magnific erudite and a happy, unsettled, nonconventional creature." "Sérgio practically knew everything there is to know." "He had an enormous collection of books and once in a while he renewed them and gave many away." "Once he gave me 4OO books, 4OO volumes." "I kept 8O or 1OO of them and gave the university 3OO." "If Sérgio had kept all the books he bought, his collection would contain approximately 4O thousand books." "His final collection contained ten thousand books." "He possessed that kind of passion for books that makes you do insane things." "What I admire in a book lover is his ability to do insane things." "Because without the ability to do insane things, there is no passion, as we all know." "Some possess amorous passion, other have a passion for gambling, others have a passion for alcohol, and some for books." "I know this because, when I was young," "I would default on my rent, so I could buy books." "Sérgio did the same thing." "I'm not sure if I'm about to commit an indiscretion, but it's been so long that I think I can tell it." "Maria Amélia would become a bit desperate, because they had so many children and were making little money and Sérgio was buying books in English, in German..." "So what he did was..." "He lived on Hadock Lobo Street and he had this famous maid, Nanny, at the house." "So what Sérgio did, he had this scheme with Nanny, when he'd arrive at home, he'd walk down the driveway to the kitchen door and handed Nanny the books." "Nanny hid the books, then Sérgio would walk to the front door and rang the doorbell." "Maria Amélia opened the door, he'd walk in, she saw that he hadn't bought any books, so she was relieved." "I think that in terms of a profile of Sérgio Buarque, we've covered a lot." "Now, there's a final statement I must make, not less important, which is to mention the importance of Maria Amélia in his life." "Maria Amélia was..." "I think that without Maria Amélia" "Sérgio Buarque would not have been quite the man he was." "Maria Amélia took care not only of Sérgio's household, but she was also his collaborator." "Maria Amélia did most of the research with him." "She is a very bright woman, very cultured and very knowledgeable of these matters." "For instance, once she went with him to Cuiabá to do research in Cuiabá." "Once they got in a VW they owned, and she drove it all the way to Assunción, in Paraguay." "At the time that was an adventure." "You didn't have highways like you have today." "She went all the way to Assunción to do research." "So she collaborated with Sérgio, researched documents, took notes..." "Therefore, I think that Maria Amélia, as a wife and as an intellectual collaborator, she made things possible for Sérgio to accomplish his achievements." "I cannot conceive Sérgio Buarque de Holanda without Maria Amélia." "Everyone in my family was nonconventional." "No one ever lied at our home." "Sometimes there were arguments, but no lies." "Each one had their friends, their way of life." "At our home, I think you were all quite independent." "No one tried to convince the other to root for this or that soccer team." "Certain things we actually despised, like being snobbish, you see." "This is the cemetery in Paquetá and, beyond this wall, is the "Passarinho" cemetery." "It's inadequate to shoot this here, because daddy dreaded dying." "Once this fellow came by our house to sell us a grave." "The cemetery was very nice, very peaceful, with many trees..." "And daddy dreaded dying, he dreaded it, so he kicked the guy out of the house really fast." ""I'm not gonna die!"" "Daddy had this obsession, he would never wear brown clothes." "I guess he felt like he was wearing a coffin." "There was no way he'd put on brown clothes." "It was one of his obsessions." "He said it was bad luck." "Another thing he thought was bad luck was the number of cigarettes in the pack." "When it got down to 13, he'd take one out, so that there would never be 13 in the pack." "I remember that he enjoyed music." "He liked Ismael Silva, whom he met personally." "He enjoyed music, but he didn't listen to it a lot." "He enjoyed it most when we were playing and singing, he'd ask us to sing some songs." "One song he liked especially was "Acalanto", by Caymmi." "Sometimes he'd ask us to sing a song to lull him to sleep." "He called it chant." "Music, in general, he called chant." "Did he enjoy the fact that his son was a composer and that his daughters were singers?" "Yes, he did." "He enjoyed music and he approved it." "He was proud of us." "This was one of my grandfather's great passions, a collection of books he purchased throughout his entire life, in his trips, in book stores, secondhand book stores, mainly in São Paulo." "This collection of books is housed at UNICAMP, at the central library building." "These are the things that were in his study." "He wrote "Raízes do Brasil" on that typewriter." "From what I remember, he wasn't as organized as the way things are here." "I have another recollection of us watching a soccer game in a room with a round table, the dining room." "The whole family was there." "Pappyotto, quite aged, sitting in a wheel chair..." "Brazil was playing a team in red jerseys, probably Poland or Chile, and he was taunting us, since he was dressed in red, that he was rooting against Brazil." "I thought that was strange." "I thought he was weird." "He frightened me because he rooted against Brazil." "I feared him because of these attitudes of his." "I remember that one day I said to Dad that I wanted to know more about this book, "Raízes do Brasil", that we had at home." "Then he said, "That's a book for grown-ups." "When you grow up, when you're mature enough, you'll read it"." "But I wanted to prove myself, so I read it anyway." "So I remember that I read a little bit and left it aside." "The truth is you end up maturing so at a certain point in your youth and you gain interest, which occurred to me when I studied Human Sciences and was introduced to the book." "Not only to "Raízes do Brasil", but also to other works focusing on Brazil." "We played table soccer, the players in different colors..." "We pretended it was the soccer field at the stadium." "We played table soccer there until Pappyotto walked down the stairs and started barking at us." "I'd run away scared to death." "The dedication on my copy of "Raízes do Brasil" says" "I should read it when I overcome my fear of the dog." "I remember him walking down the stairs and hitting us on the head with his cane." "I remember there was this shelf that was forbidden to us." "It was the highest shelf, where all of Pappyotto's books were stored." " At Buri Street?" " Not at Buri Street, at our house." "Each one of us had a copy." "So there was that person, almost inaccessible," "Professor Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, a very stern man..." "And daddy talked about the books he wrote, "Because your grandpa..."" "I thought they were highly complex, inaccessible, that I could never grasp." "That and the physical image I made of him based on a picture of him we had at home of Pappyotto wearing this funny wig and smoking a cigar..." "A hilarious picture." "The combination of that reckless image of him and that completely somber figure." "It was funny because then I gradually built an image of him that conveyed both sides." "We are always remembering incidents with Pappyotto." "There are many funny incidents, so I'm not sure if it's a recollection or if I'm fantasizing from hearing those incidents." "We could care less for social rules." "But I have always cherished family bonds." "I don't know if you will keep them tied... we'll see." "I have the impression that you will." "I think Sérgio wasn't aware, he didn't talk to his kids very much, but he posed a lot of influence in his family life." "I notice this even now, and I hope he will influence his great-grandchildren as well." "The early years are shady, I lived there until I was four." "I came to São Paulo in March of 1946 and I was born in January, 1942." "He'd tell me this thing that I really loved, that his job was fixing buses." "I thought it was one of the most important professions there could be." "My room was at the end of this apartment, where the balcony is, it was large." "It was modified, so you can't evaluate very well," "I'd wait to see him take the bus, then I'd run real fast to the other end to see if I could see him, but most of the times I didn't make it." "So there was all this admiration." "I didn't know where he was about, but I had this image of him fixing buses." "It was awesome." "Probably during that period I may have had closer contact with my father, when I was four, five years old, than my older brother and sisters." "I can't state that for a fact, but it's probable." "It was a period of three, four years... and later I was burdened because of that." "We spent two years in Italy... and my father didn't care too much for cinema, perhaps because he smoked, even though I think you were allowed to smoke inside the theaters in Rome." "Once he insisted we saw a film," ""This film you have to watch"..." "It was a film called "II Magnifico Scherzzo"." "But we wanted to watch adventure, war, and cowboy movies, and Dad insisted we watched "II Magnifico Scherzzo", which was one of Marilin Monroe's first appearances in films." "It isn't a great film and I think it was directed by Howard Hawks." "In Brazil it was called "O Inventor da Mocidade"." "Cinema was just a kind of a topic." "Literature came later, he didn't worry about it too much in Rome." "But when we came back to Brazil, he'd ask us to read things like" ""Grande Sertão Veredas"." "He didn't ask us to read" ""Sagarana" or easier books." "He gave us the hard stuff." "One peculiar thing about Dad was that although he spent his days in his study at work, he never closed the door." "He always wanted to know what was going on in the house." "He wanted to know what was going on, but he didn't like noise disturbing his work." "It was a problem because sometimes we wanted to hear some music, to chat..." "and that would disturb him." "He seldom discussed any serious matters with us." "He was mostly joking." "Only once in a while we discussed serious matters, but not often." "He only started taking us seriously after we were 2O or so." "Sometimes I didn't know how he did it." "He had this Caldas Aulete and other dictionaries." "The Caldas Aulete was five volumes." "Sometimes, I'd ask him about a specific word and he'd say," ""Look it up in the Caldas Aulete, after this word and before that word"." "I looked it up and sometimes he was right." "He wasn't right all the time, but sometimes he was, and I asked myself how could he know the exact location of a word in a 5 volume dictionary like the Caldas Aulete." "But sometimes he just guessed and sometimes he was right." "He was kind of absent-minded." "I remember I went to Manaus once." "The trip took about a month." "I said goodbye to him as usual and left." "What I heard, and this may not be accurate, what I heard is that two weeks or so after I was gone, at lunch or at dinner he says, "ÁIvaro hasn't showed up lately"." "I'd said my good-byes, and he didn't seem too... he didn't pay too much attention to that kind of thing." "Every time he drank a little too much, he'd loosen up and he'd start speaking in German." "I think before he went to Germany, he was quieter and he started leading a more bohemian life in that period, when he was about 28 years old." "Whenever he was a little happier, he'd start singing in German." "He sang totally off key." "Let's get a cold beer." "Come here." "Look, I'm singing for you." "Cacá, Cacá, stop..." "stop crying." "Cacá, Cacá, stop..." "stop crying." "Want to sit here by Aunt Bel?" "So we can talk about Pappyotto?" "OK." "So let's get on with it." "He became..." "I don't know, a combination of a father and an older brother." "I'm not sure what he was to me." "Mainly because he had this obsession of saying that I was his grandmother, to begin with, which made me furious." "And I'd say, "Don't say that in front of strangers"!" "I was worried about conveying a straight image." "Memélia would always take me to school." "Sometimes Pappyotto came along." "And when we stopped in traffic in São Paulo..." "He'd stop at a red light and ask the guy in the car next to us, "Did you know that the girl in the back seat is my grandmother?"." "So I tried to hide myself." ""How can you do this to me, Pappyotto?" And he got even funnier." "Sometimes we argued, and Memélia would get upset." "It happened several times." "Until one time Memélia stopped the car and said," ""If you don't stop this argument, I'll kick you both out of the car, because this is intolerable"." ""Pappyotto," I'm not sure when I gave him that nickname, if it was in New York or in Mexico, but I think it was in Mexico." "I called dad "Papi", and he was the "other Papi", the other daddy, "Pappyotto"." "He signed P-A-P-P-Y-O-T-T-O." "We played different games, one of which was" "Little Red Riding Hood and the Big Bad Wolf, which we played here out front in the square when I managed to take him outside." "There was this tree that I..." "it's not there anymore." "I played the wolf and he was Little Red Riding Hood." "He loved it." "He didn't have a problem with that." "He was wonderful." "I chased him around..." "Pappyotto was a superb grandfather and I think I was very lucky to have him." "I practically didn't know my grandparents on my father's side, but I was very close to my grandparents on my mother's side..." "I'm not gonna cry because this isn't the time or place..." "This is a daughter thing..." "Memélia, when she talked to me, she would refer to him as my father." "She never referred to him as "Pappyotto, your grandfather"." "It was, "Your Dad..." So I was like a daughter to him." "A CINEBIOGRAPHY OF" "SÉRGIO BUARQUE DE HOLANDA" "Sérgio didn't like very much the idea that he was getting old and that he'd eventually die." "Lots of people were asking him things about the past, so it dawned on me that time was of the essence." "They asked him lots of nonsense and even published lies about him." "I told him, "Sérgio, the time has come." "You have to ask Francisco Barbosa to write the foreword to the Venezuelan edition of'Visão do Paraíso'." "Please let us know what you want to mention, the dates, your friends you were fond of, the things you liked to do..."" "So he said in that peculiar way of his, "Everything that's in here"." "NOTES FOR THE CHRONOLOGY OF S." "(PER REQUEST OF CHICO BARBOSA)" "Father" " Cristóvão Buarque de Holanda, born in Pernambuco, was a young man when he moved to Rio and studied medicine, course he did not complete." "Invited by Cesário Motta, he moved to São Paulo to work for the Public Health Service." "He was one of the founders of the Pharmacy and Dentistry School where he taught botany." "He retired in 1922 and died in Rio de Janeiro in 1932." "Heloisa Gonçalves Moreira Buarque de Holanda, born in Niterói, became an orphan at a young age and was brought up by her godparents who lived in São Paulo." "She got married in 19O1 and died in Rio in 1957." "Besides Sérgio, the couple had another son, Jaime, and a daughter, Cecília." "Sérgio was born July 11th, 19O2, at São Joaquim Street in the Liberdade neighborhood." "The first school he attended was the Progresso Brasileiro" "Shool Kindergarten at Guaianazes square, an American School headed by Mrs. Bagby." "A spacious garden full of trees, boys and girls playing together." "A large cart drawn by horses transported the children."" "He went to Elementary School at the Escola Modelo" "Caetano de Campos at the Republic square." "Sérgio's first production was a musical composition, a waltz called "Victória Régia", written at the age of nine and published in the "Tico-Tico" magazine." "Junior high school was mostly attended at the São Bento School in addition to a semester at the Arquideocesano School at the Luz neighborhood." "At the São Bento school, the atmosphere was friendly and discipline was supple." "Among the priests, we can highlight the sympathetic" "D. Pedro Eggerath, D. Domingos de Silos Schelhorn," "D. Amaro van Emelem and D. Lourenço Lumini." "The unpleasent recollections are credited to" "D. Bernardo and the layman, Vassourinha, the discipline enforcers." "Among the schoolmasters, there are pleasant recollections of" "Afonso de Taunay, history teacher, probably his favorite subject," "ÁIvaro Guerra, Portuguese teacher, and José Ladislau Peter, Latin and German teacher." "Allongside school life, the streets of Higienópolis, the stone tiled streets, the 21 streetcar, friends living in big houses with gardens and yards." "Vacations were usually spent in Santos, where an uncle on his mother's side lived." "Twice during his childhood he visited the farm Tubaca, which was owned by the Rodrigues Dias family in São José do Rio Pardo." ""The attempt to instill European culture in such vast territory is, regarding the formation of the Brazilian society, one of the predominant facts, and the most fruitful in developments."" "Childhood entertainment matinês at movie theaters." "The Central at Anhangabaú, the Royal on Sebastião Pereira street, the High Life at the Arouche square and walks to Perdizes across the marshes at Pacaembu Valley." "At Tiro 35, he met Fausto de Almeida Prado Penteado, who introduced him to his cousin Yan de Almeida Prado." "Sérgio learned to dance at the Yvonne Daumerie course and became an aficionado." "From one of those dancing matinês remains the echo of a festive celebration." "Amid festivities news came in that Edu Chaves for the first time in the history of aviation having taken off in Rio flew all the way to Buenos Aires." "The refinement of the personality seems to comprise the most decisive feature in the evolution of the Hispanic people, our ancestors, since immemorial times." "He began to establish relationships with people who became friends and companions for the rest of his life." "Guilherme de Almeida, Tácito de Almeida," "Rubens Borba de Moraes." "Infrequent appearances of Sérgio Milliet and acquaintances with Mário de Andrade and Oswald de Andrade." "All the result from our work or from our laziness seems to take part in an evolutionary system particular to another climate and to another atmosphere." "The group frequented the Fazzolli pastry shop on São Bento street, sometimes the Pinoni or the Vienense." "Aside that, literary gatherings at the law firm of" "Estevão de Almeida, father of Guilherme and Tácito, where there was a warning sign that read," ""In this office we only deal with law"." "Sérgio published his first article in the "Correio Paulistano"" "thanks to the support of Afonso de Taunay, his former teacher and friend of his father." "Sérgio was at the time eighteen years old." "Reading this text, we can better understand the ideas that would later constitute "Raízes do Brasil"." "He ends the text as follows," ""Brazil will surely attain its own national literature." "It will surely achieve, sooner or later, literary originality." "The inspiration by national issues, the respect for our traditions and submission to the calling of the race will accelerate that outcome."" "Working alongside with Guilherme made it comfortable for him to write for several papers:" "The "Correio Paulistano"," ""A Cigarra", and "Revista do Brasil"." "The following text was written in 192O." ""It is noteworthy that when a nation attracted by the eminence or by the progress achieved by another of different race will imitate its characteristic traits." "It will seek the most deleterious and incompatible qualities in that other nation."" "In Brazil, the act of copycatting everything that is foreign, unlike any other nation, is the characteristic trait we can trace in this society in development called the Brazilian People." "In 1921, the Buarque de Holanda family moved definitively to Rio de Janeiro to Marquês de São Vicente street." "Sérgio states that it was a nice old house with an orchard and a streem running through the back yard." "In the same year of 1921, Sérgio enrolled himself in Law School at the Catete Street." "There he met the great personality" "Edgardo de Castro Rebelo, at the time his professor and later close friend." "Among Sérgio's classmates:" "Vasco Leitão da Cunha," "Prado Kelly, Mário da Costa Guimarães," "José Bonifácio O. De Andrade, Francisco Soares Brandão," "ÁIvaro Teixeira Soares, Waldemar da Rocha Barros." "José Maria Lopes Cansado, Sérgio da Rocha Miranda." "Sérgio was never a dedicated pupil." "Rodrigo Melo Franco de Andrade observed playfully his total inaptitude in the field of law." "It was in law school however that Sérgio made two dear friends:" "Prudente de Moraes Neto and Afonso Arinos de Mello Franco, both a few years younger than himself." "Prudente and Sérgio chatted amid the bookshelves at the Garnier bookstore where they researched the literature that inspired the Modernist Movement." "Companion in dialogues or in alternate monologues throughout the night, at a table at Lamas, strolling the streets in the Southern District neighborhoods." "In 1924, Prudente suggested they start a second magazine covering the Modernist Movement." "Bumping into Graça Aranha on Rio Branco Avenue they told him their plan." "Graça liked the idea, and the three of them discussed the issue at a table at the Casa Carvalho where it was named "Estética", by Graça." "It lasted only three editions." "Almost a year of planning, enthusiasm, tenacity, and finally, desistance." "This attempt at a modernist magazine was not the first." "In 1922, the São Paulo group named Sérgio the "Klaxon" representative in Rio where the subscriber number one was Rodrigo Otávio Filho." "The young Sérgio Buarque belonged to a generation that relinquished some canons, some structures, at a certain stage." "But this text written in 1926 called" ""The Side Opposite to the Other Sides"," "Sérgio parts within the Modernist Movement, he relinquishes its "academicizing" tendency stating, "It is my opinion that shortly we will surely attain an art of national expression." "It will not emerge, evidently, as per our will, but most probably due to our indifference." "This doesn't mean that our indifference, especially our absolute indifference, will emerge inevitably as a national expression meeting everyone's expectations." "My revolt is against all those who believe they possess it in their minds in a definite configuration." "They suggest they know all its features by heart, its incalculable riches and even its limitations." "They want to offer us these left-overs, instead of the reality we could expect from them." "Sérgio would often meet with Ribeiro Couto who once introduced him to Manuel Bandeira at the corner of Rio Branco Avenue and São José Street." "They rapidly became friends, and Sérgio wrote about him:" ""Manuel Bandeira occupies a wonderful position in national literature as the founder of the Modernist Movement."" "Shortly afterwards Sérgio introduced Manuel to Prudente." ""The President's grandson", laughed Manuel, and all three headed for the Café Chave de Ouro." "Manuel shortly became a close friend to Sérgio and Prudente." "The true and authentic nobility doesn't need to transcend the individual." "It depends on the individual's personal efforts and capabilities, for the individual's eminence is worthier than inherited eminence." "Sérgio's association with his "Paulista"" "friends continued for a while." "Around 1922, Guilherme got married, romantically, with Baby Barroso do Amaral, who was immediately' adopted and cherrished by all his friends." ""What prevails is the old notion that idleness is more important than business and that productive activity is less worthy than contemplation and love."" ""It was the period when Arthur Bernardes governed Brazil." "The focus was on politics, modern art and literature." "The literary and philosophical source was mainly French." "With some exceptions." "Couto de Barros, for instance, was fond of the English." "Mário de Andrade was interested in all of them, including the Germans and the Americans." "Oswald and Menotti were interested in the Italians to a certain extent." "They read Proust, the poetry of Valéry and Claudel." "They read the avant-garde group:" "Apollinaire, Cocteau, Cendrars..." "And the surrealists:" "Breton, Aragon, Éluard..." "On whom Prudente and Sérgio specialized." "Among the English authors, Conrad, Thomas Hardy," "Catherine Mansfield, Galsworthy, Yeats..." "The Irishman Synge, Bernard Shaw, T. S. Elliot." "They read the magazines "Chriterion" and "The Adelphi"," "Subscribed by the bookstore Crashley." "Among American authors, Dreiser and Sherwood Anderson." "The Russians Tchecov, Dostoiewsky and Tolstoi." "The German authors were read more for research purposes." "Theodor Lessing, lent by Alceu Amoroso Lima," "The Dutchman Huysinga..." "The Russian philosophers Rosanov and Chestov." ""The will to give orders and the disposition to obey orders are equally peculiar to him." "Dictatorships and the Holly Office seem to fit his character as well as his inclination to anarchy and disorder."" ""Graça Aranha, happy to socialize with the younger ones, frequently invited them to the Hotel dos Estrangeiros across the José de Alencar square, with its tea tables and wicker chairs lined along the broad sidewalk, underneath a canopy of large trees." "Through Graça, Sérgio met Paulo Prado, who lent him" ""Ulysses", by Joyce." "Yan de Almeida Prado was also a regular there." "Marinetti, Pirandello and Blaise Cendrars visited Brazil and the group of young men was always present." "Sérgio recalls he interviewed Pirandello and Cendrars for "O Jornal"." ""That exploration of the tropics was not carried out, actually, by means of a methodical and rational enterprise." "It did not emanate from a constructive and energetic will." "Rather it was performed carelessly and with abandonment." "One could say it was performed despite its authors."" "Parallel to his studies and his job as a journalist," "Sérgio led an intense social life." "At night he was a regular at Lamas at Largo do Machado, where in addition to Prudente, Afonso Arinos," "Edmundo da Luz Pinto, Gilberto Amado and Fernando Nabuco de Abreu always came by." "There he met Cândido Portinari, an obscure student at the Fine Arts School." "In the afternoons, he'd go to the Bar Nacional and sometimes to the Brahma, where he would meet with Manuel Bandeira, Oswaldo Costa," "Dodô Barroso do Amaral, Di Cavalcanti, Jaime Ovale," "Aporelly, the Baron of Itararé, Gastão Cruls, Gilberto Amado," "Graça Aranha, Antônio Torres, and less frequently the precursor among the feminine gender," "Germaninha Bittencourt, celebrated by all." "There was always something to discuss." "Politics, art, literature, worldly and private events." ""Work and adventure." "The adventurer's ideal is to harvest the fruit without planting the tree." "The worker is the one who comprehends the task ahead of him, and not the triumph to be achieved." "His visual field is naturally restricted." "The part larger than the whole."" "Alongside the bohemianism, he had to see to his livelihood." "In his case, journalism." "Arriving at Rio, Sérgio started working for the "Rio Jornal", where he wrote chronicles and did interviews." "Sérgio also collaborated with the "Idéia Ilustrada" magazine, owned by Cláudio Ganns and Américo Facó, who introduced Sérgio at the Havas Agency." "Then a picturesque episode occurred when Sérgio was arrested at the Catete Palace during the 1924 revolution when he was mistaken for another employee at the Havas Agency, an anarchist and foe to Bernardes." "The next morning, many of Sérgio's friends at the Bar Nacional showed up at the police station to get him out of custody." "Later Sérgio went to work for "United Press"" "and befriended Múcio Leão and Austregésilo de Ataíde." "At the same time he collaborated with "O Jornal", owned by Chateaubriand, with Rodrigo Melo Franco de Andrade as Chief Executive Officer." "It was during that period that Sérgio befriended" "Alceu Amoroso Lima, alias Tristão de Ataíde, the literary critic." ""Sinuous even in violence, social virtue denying, contemporizing and narcotizing any actually productive energy, the'slave quarters morals' then ruled the administration, the economy and the religious beliefs of man." "The very creation of the world had been, in their understanding, a kind of abandonment, a languishment by God."" "Working for'O Jornal', Sérgio visited the state of Minas Gerais where he befriended Pedro Nava, Carlos Drummond de Andrade," "Emílio Moura and João Alphonsus." "One day Sérgio lost his mind." "He gave away his books to his friends and accepted a position as chief editor of the newspaper" ""O Progresso" in Cachoeiro do Itapemirim, in Espírito Santo." "Because of "O Progresso", Sérgio was nicknamed" ""Dr. Progresso", and that's how Rubem Braga calls him up to this very day." ""The family frame becomes so powerful and demanding that it casts its shadow on its members even outside the domestic premises." "The private entity always has precedence over the public entity."" "When Sérgio returned from Espírito Santo, he resumed his career as a journalist writing stories, interviewing people, sometimes in other cities, and writing a daily chronicle, "The Senators Day"." "Sérgio, back in Rio, started buying new books." "The first books that make up his present collection." "Sérgio reestablished his professional and social contacts interrupted by a semester spent in Espírito Santo." "In that occasion emerged Gilberto Freyre introducing the "The New", from the state of Piauí." "Gilberto didn't spend much time in Rio on account of being a cabinet member of the governor of Pernambuco, Estácio Coimbra." "He'd make fast trips." ""The patriarchal family establishes the political model upon which the relations between government and its constituency and between monarchs and their subjects."" "In 1929, Chateaubriand invited Sérgio to travel to Germany," "Poland and Russia and work as correspondent to "O Jornal"." "He boarded the Cap Ancona, in June." "Sérgio's first sighting of the port of Hamburg reflects clearly the strong will to act and to accomplish generated by the prosperity that emerges along the banks of the river Elba." "Sérgio didn't get his papers on time to go to Russia, but in September he travelled to Poland." "With a free railroad pass, Sérgio covered most of the country." "Sérgio had terrible recollections of the cold weather ...that caused a devastating flu." " When Sérgio returned to Berlin, the embassy appointed him to work for the magazine "Duco", which was published in German and Portuguese and specialized in German-Brazilian commercial relations." "Later, Sérgio translated several screenplays of films produced by Ufa." "Among them, "Blue Angel", with Marlene Dietrich." ""The movie industry attracted for a while the interest of the Germans, to the point of inciting them to rival the Los Angeles productions." "Such an attempt, with the appearence of the talking movies seems destined to failure." "Only ten percent of the movie theaters were capable at this point of purchasing the expensive audio equipment for talking movies." "Meanwhile, Al Jolson sings four times a day and the strophs of'Sonny Boy' before the weepy eyes of West Berlin."" "The correspondence was scarce, but Sérgio managed to contact interesting people." ""The result of the inquest posed by the magazine" "'Litereirich Welt' is one of the many samples of the will for peace and harmony among the peoples, which characterizes the spiritual element of modern Germany." "No other country currently displays such hospitality towards the cultural production of other countries." "Its borders are totally open to a diversity of spiritual influences." "A culture that knows no borders."" "One day, Sérgio visited Horwarth Walden to seek information about the expressionist magazine "Sturm"." "To his surprise, on the bookshelf at the office he saw some editions of the "Klaxon" and the "Estética" magazines, thanks to the diligence of Mário de Andrade who exchanged correspondence with the editors of "Sturm"." "Now and then, Sérgio would attend to History and Social Sciences classes at the University of Berlin." "Some classes were taught by Friedrich Meinecke," "History professor." "Once Sérgio became familiar with the local language, he began to read books written by German authors:" "Meinecke, Max Weber, the critic Gundolf, and in fiction, Kafka, Rilke, Hofmannsthal, Stefan George." "In Berlin, Sérgio lived a period of great mundane and bohemian euphoria, surrounded by girlfriends and foreign friends." "SÉRGIO BUARQUE'S VOICE FAMILY RECORD" "At the same time, he witnessed the emergence of Nazism with the party reaching the highest ranks among the most voted."" ""Everything in this country depends mainly on an ideological foundation." "He certainly was not a theoretician, but it wasn't hard to find one to support the principles that would lead him to victory." "The same way the Marxist were inspired by Marx, the National Socialists adopted Alfred Rosenberg with his book'Das dritte Reich' ('The Third Empire'), in addition to which works by political theoreticians or not, popular brochures about anti-Semitism," "the Catholic Church and freemasonry make up the essential library of a Hitler admirer." "However, it is unquestionable that Hitler's faction is the only nationalist association in progress in Germany today." "The next election for the Reichstag will determine how much the latest developments have contributed to such progress."" "Fortunately, the German press did not take seriously the news from an American source interpreting the Brazilian revolution as a movement tending to the dismemberment of the nation into a number of independent States." "All the comments emphasized the popular and largely generalized quality of the movement." ""Many representatives of the old aristocracy could frequently indulge in antitraditional inclinations and even to undertake some of the most important liberal movements that have been effected in our history."" "Because of the 193O Revolution, work opportunities became scarce." "Sérgio was forced to return to Brazil during Christmas of 193O." "On his way back, was born in Berlin" "Sérgio Georg Ernst, his son with Anne Margerithe Ernst," "Chronicle by Manuel Bandeira entitled: "Interview with Sérgio on a tram in Gávea at 1:" "3O AM"..." "Brazilians who live a modest life, talk to Sérgio!" "He will tell you things that will make you drool with amazing details such as the sale in automatic machines located in many places such as cafés, bars in the streets, next to mailboxes, of a certain rubber article" "that here is sold only in drugstores and discretely." "There is a store that specializes in such article on Wilhelm Strasse, where an enlarged model of it measuring approximately one meter can be seen at the window on display." "All these exciting news from Germany do not comfort me from my disappointment from..." "Sérgio Buarque de Holanda's failure in invading Russia." "Sérgio, with all his intelligence, his culture, his journalistic talent, his integrity, was the right man to provide us a top quality testimony entirely trustworthy." "Back in Rio, Sérgio resumed his career as a journalist and worked for telegraph agencies:" "Havas," "Agência Brasileira and United Press." "He was also chief editor of the Rio branch of the "Jornal de Minas", founded and directed by Virgílio de Melo Franco and Afonso Arinos." "Among his works from that period, in the "Revista Nova" magazine a short story was published, "Viagem a Napoles", written in 1931." "It was a time of great Carnaval festivities, you had the casinos, the Lido, a great time at Copacabana beach..."" "1932, less than two years after Getúlio Vargas seized power the entire state of São Paulo arms itself demanding the reconstitutionalization of the country." "In 1932, Sérgio was in Rio with his rumor launching friends and revolutionary rooters and was arrested yelling cheers for São Paulo in mid Mangue amid a group of friends such as Otávio Tarquínio de Sousa," "Tristão da Cunha, Ribeiro Couto, convoying the French author, Luc Durtain."" "In a land where all are barons, no long lasting agreement is possible, unless it is settled by a respectable and feared foreign authority."" "Please all rise for the ceremony." ""I hereby promise to loyally comply to the terms of the" "Federal Constitution, to promote the well being of all Brazilians, to observe the laws of Brazil and to sustain its integrity and independence."" ""Democracy in Brazil has always been a deplorable misunderstanding." "A rural and semifeudal aristocracy imported it and shaped it in order to accommodate its privileges."" "In 1935, Sérgio published in the "Espelho" magazine a very detailed study:" ""Brazil's body and soul"." ""It is frequent among the Brazilians who deem themselves intellectuals, the easiness with which they feed on, at the same time, from doctrines of distinct hues, and with which they sustain, simultaneously, such diverse convictions."" ""November this year domestic peace was again disturbed." "The Third Infantry Regiment rebels, leading other units in a movement of extremist character and is rapidly suffocated."" "1936" " Co-author of "Em Memória de Antonio de Alcântara Machado"." "Co-author of publication that celebrates Manuel Bandeira's birthday." "Publishes "Raízes do Brasil", first volume of the series" ""Documentos Brasileiros", organized by Gilberto Freyre who at the time worked for the José Olympio Publishing Co..." "Marries Maria Amélia Cesário Alvim, his godparents Inah and Prudente at the religious ceremony and Rodrigo and Graciema at the notary's registry." "He started writing material for "Raízes do Brasil" in Germany." "He brought it back to Brasil." "He was asked to write an article for a new magazine called "Espelho", and he used some of the material he brought from Germany." "José Olympio was publishing a new collection and invited Sérgio to write for it." "I think that's when Sérgio started reading and writing more about social studies and finished writing "Raízes do Brasil"." "He wrote on his free time and I played the nice bride who typed his work for him." "He'd bring me those chapters, and I'd type them and handed them back to him." "He sent his work in to the publisher gradually." "I'm not sure if it was gradually, but I think it was." "He handed it all in, the book was published..." "And that's it." "That's the story of "Raízes do Brasil", that's still available till today." ""Brazil's contribution to civilization will be cordiality." "We will give the world the cordial man." "It would be a mistake to suppose that such virtues may imply good manners."" "Throughout that year, they lived in an apartment at the beginning of N. S. De Copacabana avenue." "Manuel Banderia was a regular there." "Madame Blanc, his great passion, lived on the 5th floor." "As a rendezvous for chatting on their free time they chose the José Olympio bookstore on Ouvidor street." "Múcio, Portinari and Vinícius dropped by often." "So did the'the northern ones:" "Graciliano Ramos" "José Lins do Rego, Luís Jardim, Rachel de Queiroz..." "In days of political turmoil, Getúlio Vargas, with the support of a few generals, among them Gaspar Dutra and Góes Monteiro, dissolves the house of representatives and the senate instating a new regime without political parties," "the'New State." ""In the Iberian nations predominated a kind of political organization artificially supported by a foreign power, which in modern days have been replaced by military dictatorships."" ""Miúcha is born November 3Oth."" ""1938" " Sérgio moves to a house on Atlântica Avenue, in front of former Posto 1, at Leme." "A modest house facing the sea." "Beautiful!"" ""With the extinction of the Federal District University," "Sérgio takes a position at the Book Institute, recently founded at the Ministry of Education, per invitation of its director Augusto Meyer and heads the publications department."" ""It is noteworthy that the fictitious reformatory movements in Brazil were almost always originated in the higher classes." "They were both intellectually and emotionally inspired."" "'The war begins."" "HITLER DECLARES WAR" "WE WILL FIGHT IN FRANCE AND IN THE SEAS UNTIL FINAL VICTORY" "FRANCE AND ENGLAND TO DECLARE WAR ON GERMANY" "Sérgio moves to an apartment in Lido and soon Sergito is born," "April the 2Oth." "Sérgio becomes a close friend to Otávio Tarquínio de Souza and Lúcia Miguel Pereira and creates the literature review section in the "Diário de Notícias" newspaper." "The atmosphere becomes very heavy... with the occupation of Paris in 194O." "1941" " Sérgio translates" ""Memórias de um Colono no Brasil", by the Swiss Thomas Davatz." ""Per invitation by the State Department," "Sérgio travels to the United States and visits New York, Washington," "Chicago and the University of Wyoming."" "1942" " ÁIvaro is born January the 3rd." "1943" " A joyful trip to Belo Horizonte in a group put together by Vinícius de Moraes." "Along came Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes."" "WAR!" "Sérgio stays in São Paulo during the same period as" "Otávio Tarquínio and Lúcia." "At a lunch offered by the publisher José de Barros Martins" "Sérgio is introduced to Antônio Cândido." "Iwas born In Rlo de Janeiro" "I'm a reservist a Brazlllan" "My flag has been disrespected humiliated and affronted" "Independence or death 1944" " Sérgio leaves the Book Institute and takes a position at the National Library, heading the research department, under the direction of Rodolfo Garcia." "Chico is born June 19th." "Sérgio's "'Cobra de Vidro" is published by Livraria Martins Publishing Co." "Sérgio's "História do Brasil"" "with the collaboration of Otávio Tarquínio is published by the José Olympio Publishing Company." "1945" " Sérgio's "Monções" is published by Casa dos Estudantes do Brasil." "Sérgio takes part in the Author's Congress in São Paulo and underwrites the famous 'Declaration of Principles' against the dictatorship." "Following the congress Sérgio is elected president of the" "Rio de Janeiro division of the Brazilian Authors' Association." ""There are yet other traces indicating that our intellectuality still displays its clearly conservative and lordly mission." "One of them is the notion that real talent is spontaneous, innate, just like true nobility, since work and hard study may lead to knowledge but resemble in their monotony and repetitiveness the vile trades that degrade man."" "Sérgio is one of the founders of the Democratic Left Wing associating especially with Castro Rebelo, Hermes Lima," "Alceu Marinho do Rego, Otávio Tarquínio, Gastão Cruls," "Manuel Bandeira and Guilherme Figueiredo." "AT NIGHT THE WAR ENDED" "The war ends." "The group of old friends was growing." "Ribeiro Couto, on leave from the Foreign Affairs Ministry was a regular." "Otto Maria Carpeaux was introduced and quickly incorporated." "Some were more serious and circumspect:" "Otávio Tarquínio, Gastão Cruls, Astrogildo Pereira," "Henrique de Moraes..." "Augusto Frederico Schmidt." "Gatherings at Aníbal Machado's house..." "Eneida, Rubem Braga, Pedro Nava, Rachel de Queiroz," "Moacyr Werneck de Castro, Carlos Lacerda, the bunch of bohemians who spent the night on the terrace at the Alcazar." "All of Sérgio's friends gathered for lunch at the Brazilian Press Association." "It became a political news and rumor information center." "Very enjoyable, and in the afternoon, before going home they met at the Vermelinho, another information center, a rendezvous, two nice things." "And at night when we went out we were very low profile." "We'd go down here to Atlântica Avenue, to the Okay, to the Alcazar..." "It was a period of rumors." "Rumors at lunch time at the BPA restaurant, rumors all day long at the cafés near the National Library." "In August 1945 Getúlio Vargas is deposed." "Gather all your belongings your love and your rags gather all your belongings and get out of my life" ""During the monarchy it was the slaveholding farmers and their sons, educated to be liberal professionals, who monopolized the politics, being elected or forcing the election of their candidates, controlling the parliaments, the ministries," "and generally all the authoritative positions placing institutional stability within such indisputable domain."" "1946" " Following an absence of approximately 25 years," "Sérgio returns to São Paulo taking a position as head of the Paulista Museum, at the Ipiranga, per nomination by José Carlos de Macedo Soares." "Sérgio expands the museum's activities creating the History, Ethnology, Numismatics, and Linguistics divisions." "Iwork very hard but I earn very little money" "That' s why my life Is always a mess" "Iwork as a janitor" "I eat at Chlna' s" "There' s a zero missing In my paycheck" ""On the Piratininga plateau a new instance in our national history is established." "For the first time the diffuse inertia of the colonial population acquires a unique configuration and an articulate voice."" "Maria do Carmo is born November 5th." "1947" " Sérgio is elected president of the Brazilian" "Authors' Association, São Paulo division." "The Democratic Left Wing becomes the Socialist Party." "Sérgio is presented as the party's candidate for councillorship to complete the minimum number of candidates necessary to form the slate." "We dedicate, in general, little esteem to intellectual speculations, and admire resonant phrases, spontaneous and abundant speeches, ostentatious erudition and unusual expressions." "Intelligence ought to be an ornament and an endowment, not an instrument of knowledge and fulfillment." "The graduation ring and the diploma can correspond to an authentic coat of arms."" "1948" " In addition to heading the museum," "Sérgio teaches Brazilian Social History and Brazilian Economic History at the Sociology and Politics School." "Sérgio's"'A Expansão Paulista do Séc." "XVI e Começo do Séc." "xvii"" "is published by the Economic Sciences College at USP" "Ana Maria is born August 12th." "1949" " Sérgio's "'Índios e Mamelucos na Espansão Paulista" is published in the museum's chronicles." "Sérgio travels to France and Italy, makes a speech at Sorbonne and takes part in two UNESCO committees in Paris." "Place the old man' s portrait back where it belongs" "Place the old man' s portrait back where it belongs" "The old man' s smile encourages us to work" "I hereby promise to maintain, defend and follow the constitution of the republic, to observe its laws and promote general well-being in Brazil, sustain its integrity and its independence." "195O." "Sérgio is reelected President of the Brazilian Author's Association, São Paulo division." "Sérgio travels to the USA to participate in Washington in the first Portuguese-Brazilian Studies Conference." ""We can state that from Portugal we inherited our current form of culture, the remaining matter had to adjust to that form."" "Maria Cristina is born December 23rd." "Sérgio takes a leave of absence from the Paulista Museum to teach Brazilian Studies at the University of Rome." "Sérgio also collaborates with the Studi Brasiliane Institute." ""Raízes do Brasil" is published in Italian." "As we were leaving Rome I said, "This Sunday afternoon we should all do some sight-seeing in Rome."" "So we took a bus and at a certain point we signaled to get off." "Six got off the bus, but Sérgio remained in his seat." "Then there was this discussion with the driver," ""Lady, six of you already got off." "Yes, but we were in seven." "There's always one missing!"" "THE COUNTRY MOURNS THE DEATH OF PRESIDENT VARGAS" "THE COUNTRY IS UPSET BY THE WEEPING OF ITS PEOPLE" "To every Brazlllan worker he said a soothlngword when hunger knocks at your door my name will bring you together my friends will surely notice that at the right time I'll be there" "I am the people' s eternal leader and with my blood Iwell defend you" "he stated consclentlously to the people I bestow you the resistance my blood Is the remission to all those who resisted" "Iwlsh you all a glorious future my death Is a victory flag" "I leave life to enter history and to hatred I respond with forgiveness" "he said very well the people Iwas a slave to will be no one else' s slave he said very well the people Iwas a slave to will be no one else' s slave" ""The great Brazilian revolution was not accomplished at a given time." "Rather it is a long process that has lasted three quarters of a century."" "1955" " Back in Brazil Sérgio resumes his position at the Paulista Museum and moves to Henrique Schaumann street." "Sérgio is appointed vice-director of the Modern Art Museum, position he holds for the six following years." "1956 - "Raízes do Brasil" is published in Spanish," ""Raíces del Brasil", by the Fondo de Cultura Economica in Mexico." "1957." "Sérgio teaches History of the Brazilian Civilization at the Philosophy, Science, and Literature College at the University of São Paulo." "Sérgio's "Caminhos e Fronteiras" is published by" "José Olympio Publishing Company." "Sérgio moves to 35, Buri street, in Pacaembu." "1958" " Sérgio is admitted as professor of History of the Brazilian Civilization presenting as thesis" ""Visão do Paraíso", published by the José Olympio" "Publishing Company in a limited edition." "This here is the first edition of "Visão do Paraíso", the thesis, not the book." "It says here, Thesis presented for admission to the History of the Brazilian Civilization professorship at the Philosophy, Science, and Literature College at the University of São Paulo." "Later he made some changes to the thesis and published the book which was daddy's favorite book, "Visão do Paraíso"." "Sérgio is awarded the Edgar Cavalheiro Award grated by the National Book Institute for his book" ""Caminhos e Fronteiras" as the best analysis book published in 1957." "196O" " Sérgio outlines and organizes" ""História Geral da Civilização Brasileira"" "for the Difusão Européia do Livro Publishing Company, task he undertakes until 1972." ""In the endeavor to conquer and colonize the new worlds the'worker,' had a very limited and almost insignificant role."" "JÂNIO RENOUNCES" "That year the first two volumes of the series are published:" ""Época Colonial" " Do Descobrimento â Expansão Colonial", and "Administração, Economia, Sociedade"." "1962" " Sérgio is appointed head of the Organizing Committee of the Institute for Brazilian Studies." "Later he is elected director of the same institute." "D.E.L. Publishes the first volume of the series "Brasil Monárquico:" "'Processo de Emancipação na História Geral da Civilização Brasileira"." "1964" " The second volume of the "Brasil Monárquico" series is published: "Dispersão e Unidade"," "We currently witness and will probably witness for a long time the annihilation of our culture's Iberian roots in favor of a new style, which we christened'American' since its traces are more rapidly emphasized in our hemisphere." "The old weary man put his weariness aside convinced that he was young enough to walk out on the balcony and danced the ugly lady leaned out the window convinced that the band was playing for her the joyful song took over the avenue and Inslsted" "the full moon that was always clouded appeared my whole city adorned itself to watch the band pass by singing love songs to watch the band pass by" "1968" " Sérgio, invited once more by UNESCO participates in San Jose, Costa Rica, in the same" "Latin American Studies Committee." ""The establishment of a democratic doctrine will only be effective among us when the antitheses liberalism-caudillismo is overcome."" "1969" " On April 3Oth Sérgio requests his retirement at the University of São Paulo in solidarity to his colleagues who were compulsorily retired the day before by the Institutional Act No. 5." "Sérgio travels to Paraguay to research documents related to Brazil." "Sérgio writes the foreword to "Cristãos-Novos, Jesuítas, Inquisição", by J. G. Salvador." "Sérgio collaborates in a publication that honors" "Rodrigo Melo Franco de Andrade." "197O" " Sérgio works at home." "This revolution will not be victorious until the eradication of the personalistic even though disguised aristocratic foundations on which lies our social life." "1971" " The fourth volume of the series "Brasil Monárquico" is published:" ""Declínio e Queda do Império"." "1972" " The fifth volume of the series "Brasil Monárquico" is published:" ""Do Império â República", which was entirely written by Sérgio." ""História do Brasil" didactic edition is published under Sérgio's guidance and supervision." "1973" " Sérgio travels to Italy," "Greece, Turkey, Hungary, Austria, parts of Germany, Netherlands England and France." "1974..." "Tomorrow will be a new day" "Today you are the ruler whateveryou say remains undisputed" "Now my fellows must talk In concealment staring at the ground you who created this State who created all this gloomlness" "1975." ""Vale do Paraíba, Velhas Fazendas" is published." "Sérgio writes the foreword to "A Escravidão Africana no Brasil"." "Sérgio writes the foreword to "O Fardo do Homem Branco"." ""A História da Civilização" didactic edition is published." "1976" " Sérgio writes the foreword to "O Barão de Iguape"." "Sérgio writes the foreword to "Tudo em Cor-de-rosa"." "Sérgio travels to Italy, Czechoslovakia," "Berlin and Paris." "1977" " Sérgio writes the foreword to "Escravidão Negra em São Paulo"." "Sérgio writes the foreword to "Milícia Cidadã"." "Sérgio writes the foreword to "Cultura e Sociedade no Rio de Janeiro"." "Sérgio is awarded the State Governor Literature Award." "1978" " Sérgio founds the "Centro Brasil Democrático"" "and is appointed its vice-president." "Sérgio writes the foreword to" ""Livro do Tombo do Mosteiro de São Bento em São Paulo"." "Sérgio publishes a revised second edition of "Cobra de Vidro"." ""The Constitutions written so that they wouldn't be followed, laws that exist to be violated, advantages for individuals and privileged minorities are a common phenomenon in South American history."" "Invested with the presidency, President Figueiredo thanks his predecessor's words and states," ""It is my firm determination to make of this country a democracy."" ""We would be living in the middle of two worlds:" "One that is gone forever and one that strives to be born."" "198O" " Sérgio is one of the founding members of the Labor Party, (Partido dos Trabalhadores.)" "Sérgio is awarded the Juca Pato Award, 1979 Intellectual of the Year Award, granted by the Brazilian Author's Association and by the company" "Folha da Manhã, Inc." "...from the moment we resume work" ""The higher social expressions ought to be like an inseparable, inherent outline." "They emerge from specific necessities and never from capricious preferences." "There is, however, a perfidious and pretentious demon who insists on obscuring these simple facts." "Under its spell, men see themselves different from what they really are and establish new preferences and aversions." "Seldom are these any good."" "Sérgio, in "Raízes do Brasil", such an important book, was the first scholar to demonstrate, without employing the term immigration, take notice, without employing the term immigration, he demonstrated that republican Brazil" "was no longer the Portuguese Brazil." "It was now the neo-Brazilian Brazil." "It was a Brazil made up by foreigners, by the Italians, by the recently arrived Portuguese, by the Spanish, by the Germans, by the Japanese." "This new Brazil was a different Brazil Sérgio had examined." "This was a different Brazil." "And this Brazil, whoever reads "Raízes do Brasil" correctly will notice that he said that this is the Brazil where the initiative should belong to the people, it should be taken from the elite and bestowed upon the people," "because as Herbert Smith stated, the Brazilian people is much superior to its elite, even physically, because it is stronger and more beautiful than its elite, stated Herbert." "So this book brings up an interesting political implication, it marks the end of the nostalgia for Portuguese values, without denying, obviously, our Portuguese roots, which would be ridiculous, but to also state that Brazil" "was not merely a Portuguese inheritance." "Brazil was a new entity materialized by its immigration and according to Sérgio Buarque de Holanda the most significant accomplishment of the foreign immigration subsequent to the end of the nineteenth century was the transition from adventure to work." "Portuguese Brazil was mainly a Brazil of adventure the work being carried out by the slaves." "Post-immigration Brazil is the Brazil of the free men in which the free men work." "It is also impossible to number the articles he published in newspapers, magazines, all the interviews he made, all the manifestos he underwrote, all the pronouncements, all his attitudes that conveyed his ideas and his political and social stance."