"Leytonstone tube station." "A lone attacker strikes with a knife." "He slashes his victim's throat." "The attacker at Leytonstone is a good example of a lone actor, someone who has picked up an ideology and bought into it." "Lone wolves, or lone actors, are the hidden threat the West fears." "The internet is where they breed and feed." "A lone wolf is somebody who has not been to a camp, not been through extensive training, but someone who has read the doctrine, bought the narrative and decided to go act on their own." "Tonight on Panorama, the changing face of global terror and the UK government's controversial Prevent strategy to counter radicalisation." "The challenge with Prevent is that not only is it a toxic brand but there are fears that it is counterproductive." "Prevent is also about stopping young Muslims from going to join the so-called Islamic State, IS, or Isis." "I ended up believing that the caliphate was the Islamic State." "So I saw that as an obligation, I'll need to go and join them." "IS is now under pressure." "Mosel, its stronghold, is likely to fall." "MI6 warns of an unprecedented terror threat." "The FBI fears the worst." "We are planning for the eventual return of some very battle-hardened, tested, trained terrorist operatives, who will now seek to return to their home countries, in the United States, in Western Europe and around the globe." "I've come to New York to investigate the phenomenon of so-called lone wolves." "That's individuals acting largely on their own and not part of any network." "Most of the terror attacks in America since 9/11 have been carried out by lone wolves." "Ever since 9/11, New York has been a prime terrorist target." "And Times Square, an iconic symbol of America, is one of the highest-profile targets of all." "That's why massive resources have been deployed here to deter and counter any so-called lone wolf or mass casualty terrorist attack." "And the UK faces the same threat." "The military defeat of IS is likely to lead to more lone wolf attacks abroad, inspired over the internet." "A lone wolf is somebody who has not been to a camp, not been through extensive training, but someone who has bought the narrative and decided to go act on their own." "Reading this material online, just something that happens between that individual's mind and the glow of that screen of the laptop at one o'clock in the morning." "The Joint Operations Center is at the heart of" "New York Police Department's counterterrorist response." "Here, the NYPD can monitor just about everybody and every corner of the vast metropolis, through hundreds and thousands of cameras located around the city." "This is the place that, in terms of crisis, particularly a terrorist attack, comes alive and becomes kind of command and control." "This is New York's front-line defence." "All right, good afternoon, everybody." "We'll do a little quick rundown of all the units out there tonight." "There are over 500 specially trained officers who make up the" "Critical Response Command, established last year after the" "Charlie Hebdo attacks in Paris." "OK, Stefanski, Cortes." "You guys got post five, OK?" "You're going to be at the French consulate, 934 5th Avenue." "It's no idle threat." "A lone wolf attacked Manhattan at the end of September, inspired by IS." "It also claimed a knife attack the same day in Minnesota and praised a knife attack in Ohio only two weeks ago." "Mckenzie and Lee." "You guys are going to be doing transit bag checks tonight." "The unit works around the clock, 24/7, and always has an up-to-date intelligence briefing before it hits the streets." "Isil is under increasing pressure from the US military-led coalition in Iraq." "In the past we have seen sympathisers look at events going on abroad as an impetus to retaliate and target interests in the West or in the United States." "A lone wolf struck New York one Saturday night last September." "EXPLOSION" "The bomb went off in a crowded area in downtown Manhattan." "EXPLOSION 31 people were injured, but no-one was killed." "It had been planted in a rubbish skip." "The bomb was a pressure cooker device, apparently detonated by the timer on a mobile phone." "It is a miracle." "Had the people who were on the other side of the street been walking on the side of the street where that bomb was when it went off, we would have people who would have been killed." "Using the surveillance cameras that blanket the city, the main suspect was tracked down in 50 hours." "The police moved in." "The suspect pulled a gun, the police opened fire and wounded him." "The suspect's name was Ahmad Khan Rahimi." "He's now standing trial." "When Rahimi was arrested, he was carrying a notebook." "A bloodstained page reveals the source of his radicalisation." "The mastermind of IS's lone wolf strategy was Abu Mohammad al-Adnani, effectively IS's second-in-command." "He was the chief propaganda officer." "And in September 2014, we see a message from Sheikh Adnani that says," ""Come here and fight with us in Syria if you can." ""For the Islamic State." ""But if you can't make it here, or wherever you are in the West," ""use whatever you have at hand." ""Whether that's a gun, shoot them down." "If it's a bomb, blow them up." ""If you have a car, run them over."" "In May this year," "Adnani urged IS supporters overseas to target civilians." "This is his voice." "He says, "Civilians, any non-believers are fair game."" "The second thing he says is," ""Make sure that you claim responsibility in the name of" ""Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi," ""the head of Isis, live, during the attack."" "In Orlando, Florida, three weeks after Adnani's message, another lone wolf, Omar Mateen, walked into the Pulse gay nightclub and shot 49 people dead." "It was the largest loss of life in terms of casualties in post-9/11 America." "But was the attack a coincidence?" "I don't think it was coincidence at all." "The first thing he does after killing all those people is he calls 911, the police emergency number." "IS praised the truck attack in Nice that left 86 people dead, and Adnani inspired several knifings in France." "GUNSHOT" "There were also knife attacks on trains and stations in Germany." "In August, a US airstrike hit its target, killing Adnani." "But to the FBI, did his message die with him?" "I fully expect that Adnani will have that same sort of impact for many years to come." "Adnani's message to lone wolves echoed from the grave barely days after his death, when he became IS's poster jihadi on the cover of its glossy magazine." "Would you expect to see more lone wolf, lone actor type attacks?" "I think you can definitely expect to see a greater effort on the part of the Islamic State to encourage more attacks." "I would expect they'll shift the majority of their attention to external operations." "For us, that means the United States and our partners in the West." "The most recent lone wolf attack in the UK happened almost exactly a year ago, at London's Leytonstone tube station on a Saturday night." "A musician with his gear was on his way to a gig, when an attacker slashed his throat with a knife." "A Polish builder at the tube station recorded the scene on his phone when he saw the attacker waving a knife around." "Why you attack me...with this knife?" "That doesn't matter." "I am no Muslim." "I am Polish man!" "Luckily, a junior doctor happened to be in the station and gave first aid." "The musician survived." "Around ten minutes into the attack, local police arrived." "Taser him, Taser him, Taser him." "Taser him." "You ain't no Muslim, bruv!" "The words went viral, a rallying cry against extremism." "You're no Muslim, bruv!" "You ain't no Muslim!" "The musician's attacker was 30-year-old Muhiddin Mire, born in Somalia." "When police searched his mobile phone, they found dozens of gruesome images of IS propaganda downloaded from the internet, including an image of Fusilier Lee Rigby, an early victim of a lone wolf attack in the UK." "The attacker at Leytonstone is a good example of a lone actor, someone who's picked up an ideology and bought into it and felt the need to act in the name of a terrorist group overseas." "Mire was sentenced to life." "The judge concluded that the attack was carried out for ideological reasons." "But because Mire was also mentally ill, he was sent to Broadmoor, a high-security psychiatric hospital." "The latest research shows that mental illness in lone wolf cases is 13% more than in the general UK population." "I live here." "That doesn't matter." "He shouted that this is for Syria, he had clearly been looking at lots of Isis, or so-called Islamic State, material previously." "He clearly..." "The decision to try to cut someone's head off was clearly emulating the terrorist acts that had been broadcast by the famous Jihadi John." "What threat do lone actors pose to the UK?" "It's a big part of the threat we face today, and the Islamic State have, in many ways, changed the nature of terrorism that we're confronting." "The Government is trying to counter these changing and growing threats." "Many are generated by online radicalisation, leading to lone wolf attacks and young Muslims being seduced by IS propaganda." "Mariam, a teenager and not her real name, was first drawn to IS via her mobile phone." "The Home Office helped facilitate the interview." "We've concealed her identity and her words are spoken by an actor." "Her radicalisation began when she connected online with someone in Syria." "What did you say when you messaged him for the first time?" "I basically was just trying to find out what went on, what there was, how life was there." "What was the picture that he painted of the Islamic State?" "It was like some sort of wonderland for Muslims and a place where you have everything you want." "So I saw that as an obligation on me to go and join them." "Mariam's mother had no idea what her daughter was doing on her mobile phone." "My daughter is someone I'm very proud of." "She's always been very caring for her family." "She always studies very hard." "She is very hard-working." "How close to going to Syria were you?" "Very close." "I was actually talking about tickets and how much it costs and booking them." "Did your family know what you were doing, what you were planning to do?" "No." "No-one knew." "Did you discuss your plans with anyone else here in the UK?" "No, but online, I did manage to find people who were also planning to go from the UK." " Did you have plans to go together?" " Yeah." "Over 800 radicalised British Muslims have travelled to Syria and Iraq, although the numbers have now dramatically decreased given" "IS's recent setbacks." "Radicalisation can start with the very young." "That's why the Government has made schools a priority." "Waverley School, lying in a deprived area of Birmingham, is its showcase." "Almost 90% of its pupils are Muslim." "The contentious issue of the Islamic State is tackled head-on by a class of 13- and 14-year-olds." "Right, today's lesson, we are exploring what you already know about Isis, OK?" "Think about the questions around the topic Isis." "Let's watch this video clip, let's have a look." "CHANTING" "From that video clip, why do you think people are not represented by Isis?" "The teacher asked the pupils to discuss and then write down their thoughts." "Isis don't represent the majority of Islam, as Islam teaches you to be accepting of everyone and to respect others." "However, Isis kill people who they feel as" " a threat to them and to God's rule on the earth." " OK, excellent." "They're targeting vulnerable people, OK, to fight for a cause, to be part of something." "So why does it not represent the majority?" "Isis don't represent the majority of Muslims because in Islam, it" " teaches that you shouldn't kill anybody." " OK." "What do you think the media does, actually, in terms of...?" "You know," "Isis is in the news quite regularly." "It makes us look really bad in front of people." "It makes people change their opinions about us and" " stereotype us in a bad way." " OK, so how are they influencing people?" "Because they're trying to psychologically manipulate them to say that, you know, "We're doing the right thing," when they're not." "Waverley's principal is Jacqueline Newsome." "She was appointed in April this year." "She previously taught at other schools in the Midlands, where she faced the issue of white right-wing extremism." "And you want to be..." "Oh, finish that sentence for me." "What do you want to be?" "What do you want to be?" "A pilot?" "She makes no apology for discussing highly sensitive topics." " Why discuss Isis?" " Our youngsters are very internet savvy." "They've got access, practically..." "Well, it's 24 access, to online." "You can't always safely monitor that." "Presumably, many of your pupils, your young students, because of their age, are vulnerable." "Any child that's exposed to information that's... extreme can become vulnerable." "We try to counter some of those extremist views." "The Government's policy to fight radicalisation and violent extremism, and that includes right-wing extremism, too, is called Prevent, and it's very controversial." "Under Prevent, how would Waverley respond to signs of radicalisation in a pupil?" "As a school, it would be tackled under our normal safeguarding responsibilities and pastoral systems." "And they're very robust here." "We can always contact the Prevent team for advice, because we're the ones at the coalface." "Chalkface, really." "And we're the ones that know the children well." "The National Union of Teachers is strongly opposed to Prevent and to the legal obligation on teachers to report any suspicion that a particular individual is being radicalised." "The same Prevent duty applies to other, mainly public, bodies." "The Prevent programme has elements of referring to authorities, has elements of people looking over your shoulder." "I think that is changing some of the relationship, you know, what is a delicate relationship between teachers and young people." "Why would pupils, students think that somebody was looking over their shoulder?" "Because they don't live in a vacuum, they see reports of young people being visited by the police for things they've said in class or things that they may have expressed on the internet." " In e-mails." " Is Prevent seen as spying?" "By some people, I think." "There are teachers who don't feel comfortable with reporting an individual because they feel it is like spying on the child." "It's not about spying on the youngsters, it's about protecting those that may be vulnerable or at risk, and that's part of our wider safeguarding duties, just as we would for a youngster that was exposed to potential" "online grooming, or child sexual exploitation." "Since last year, the opposition to Prevent has intensified, in particular in many of the Muslim communities that feel most affected by it." "There is a duty on teachers to find out what the young children are doing and report them to Prevent if they seem, if they think that person is becoming... moving towards radicalisation." "And what happens is they end up being the police force, and we don't need that to be the case." "Teachers need to be teachers." "The Muslim Council of Britain is an umbrella body of hundreds of mosques." "Why are you opposed to Prevent?" "The challenge with Prevent is that not only is it a toxic brand but there are fears that it is counterproductive and may yield to negative results for our safety and security, and that's why we want something that's better." "We want something that has the trust of the community." "Trust is the bedrock on which Prevent has to stand, and in particular in places like Kirklees in West Yorkshire." "It's one of the Government's Prevent priority areas and has a history of radicalisation." "Most recently it was here that a right-wing lone wolf," "Thomas Mair, a neo-Nazi, murdered a local MP, Jo Cox." "He was sentenced to life last month." "Under Prevent, every local authority has to establish a panel to consider how to intervene and support someone who's being radicalised." "The process is called Channel, and it's sensitive, because many" "Muslims and others too see it as an intelligence arm of the police." "The police are involved, but it's actually run by the local council." "OK, good afternoon, everybody." "My name's Carol Gilchrist, I'm the head of safe and cohesive communities at the council and I'm chair of this Channel Panel." "Panel members discuss cases that have been referred to it and then decide whether intervention is appropriate to help de-radicalise an individual." "I'm Lee Hamilton and I'm the Prevent coordinator for Kirklees." "Rachel Adcock, team manager Kirklees, intensive home-based treatment team." " Jo Wolfe, Partnership Sergeant at Kirklees." " OK, thank you very much." "Three local counterterrorism officers did attend this meeting to answer questions from the panel." "They did not wish to be identified." "Just as the confidentiality agreement goes around the table, we will, erm, we will start to look at the year agenda." "We were only allowed to film the introduction, but I was allowed to stay and hear the cases." "The camera crew, on the other hand, had to leave." "After more than three hours, the meeting was still going on." "The panel discussed eight cases." "Significantly, half of those cases involved pupils at school, and teachers came along to give evidence about the cases to the panel, and the panel then asked them questions about the individuals concerned." "In one case, parents were advised to use the parental lock and take down most of their son's social media accounts." "Another case involved a right-wing extremist who'd been referred by Muslims at his workplace." "A further case concerned a person with mental health problems." "I think we have prevented people from being radicalised at an early stage." "We've helped people rebuild their lives." "On the travel to Syria for example, often it's teenagers who are targeted for radicalisation, and that often happens online." "Channel is at the centre of the criticisms of some Muslims as they feel the process is secretive and not open to any outside scrutiny." "Channel very well might be positive for some individuals and the problem is we don't understand what's going on." "There's no transparency as to who is doing the Channel de-radicalisation." "There's no transparency as to what happens as a result and so of course there are security requirements that prevent full transparency on these issues." "The identities of those who cooperate with Channel is kept secret." "That's why we were given only limited access to the Channel Panel and to Mariam's story." "I ended up getting in contact with a whole group of sisters who all wanted to go to Syria." "And what effect did being part of that group have on you?" "Um, it draws you more into it when you're surrounded by people who have the same aim." "Mariam was on the brink of leaving for Syria when there was a knock at the door." "The police came seven o'clock and they searched my house and they took my passport." "And they searched my room." "I tried to get my mobile phone as soon as possible to delete everything, but the police came right after me, so I didn't have time to do that." "Everything was there." "I was very nervous and angry." "At that moment, I even slapped my daughter." "They gradually told me that she was planning to go to Syria." "The family agreed to Mariam being referred to Channel." "The Home Office says it's a safe space with no criminal charges." "It was good that the Channel programme came and talked to her." "I was supportive of that." "If she had gone to Syria then, life wouldn't have any meaning for me any more." "Mariam was counselled on a weekly basis for ten months by a Muslim mentor knowledgeable in Islamic theology." "Why did it take so long?" "Because there would've been a chance of me going back and starting to support them again and actually going there and joining them." "Mariam is one of over 1,000 mainly young people who have been through Channel since 2012." "The earlier we spot somebody who's vulnerable, the earlier we can all collectively, police, community, mental health, social services, youth workers, we can get round a table and help prevent this person being drawn towards it." "The Government is now planning to strengthen Prevent, whilst taking another look at how Channel operates, in particular with regard to the role of the police." "MACHINE-GUN FIRE" "EXPLOSION" "But the magnet of the so-called Islamic State may be weakening, with nearly half its territory gone and Mosul likely to fall." "IS's response is to intensify its propaganda offensive online." "Adnani's successor was appointed last week." "He echoed Adnani's message, calling for attacks against the enemy in their homes, markets, streets and gatherings." "And IS's latest video reinforces the call, urging lone wolf attacks in France and the UK." "VOICE SPEAKS IN FRENCH" "The head of MI6 has said that the UK now faces an unprecedented terror threat" " and the FBI fears the worst." "We expect that many of the foreign fighters who have joined the" "Islamic State over the last several years will decide that this is no longer for them and they'll try to travel home." "So we are planning for the eventual return of some very battle-hardened, tested, trained terrorist operatives, who will now seek to return to their home countries, in the United States and Western Europe and around the globe." "The battle on the ground against IS is still in the balance." "Any victory, be it in the field at Mosul, online or in the classroom, will be hard-won."